For the 1976 Summer Olympics

1976 Summer Olympics

The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1976. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, over the bids of Moscow and...

, a total of twenty-seven sports venues were used. Several venues used had been in existence before Montreal made its first Olympic bid in the late 1930s. By the 1950s, Montreal's bid for the Olympics shifted from Winter to Summer before it was finally awarded the 1976 Summer Games in 1970. Strikes in 1974-5 affected construction of the Olympic Park, most notably the Stadium, Pool, and Velodrome, to the point where the FINA President threatened to not have the diving, swimming, and water polo events take place there for the games in early 1976 though all three venues were completed as best as possible prior to the 1976 Games. 27 swimming world records were set as a result. The oldest stadium, Molson Stadium at McGill University, would be converted into artificial turf for the field hockey tournaments while the sailing program in Kingston, Ontario would be held in freshwater, both for the first time in Summer Olympic history. Indoor track cycling took place at the Olympics for the first time at the velodrome. Once the Olympics finished, the Montreal Expos and Montreal Alouettes moved into Olympic Stadium, staying until 2004 and 1997, respectively. The Montreal Canadiens remained at the Montreal Forum until they moved to the Molson Centre in March 1996. In 1992, the velodrome was converted into an indoor zoo now known as the Montreal Biodôme

Montreal Biodome

The Montreal Biodome is a facility located in Montreal that allows visitors to walk through replicas of four ecosystems found in the Americas. The building was originally constructed for the 1976 Olympic Games as a velodrome. It hosted both track cycling and judo events...

. Île-Notre Dame hosted a canoe sprint world championships and two rowing world championships since the 1976 Games, but the area north of the basin on the island has been host to the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix on an almost annual basis since 1978.

Montreal Olympic Park

Olympic Park, Montreal

The Olympic Park is a district in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, which was home to many of the venues from the 1976 Summer Olympics....

Venue	Sports	Capacity	Ref.
Centre Pierre Charbonneau Centre Pierre Charbonneau Centre Pierre Charbonneau is a sports arena located in Montreal, Quebec. It was built in 1957 and holds 2,700 people. It was formerly host to the Montreal Royal of the American Basketball Association's current incarnation, and the Montreal Sasquatch of the Premier Basketball League.It was...	Wrestling Wrestling at the 1976 Summer Olympics At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, 20 wrestling events were contested, all for men only. There were 10 weight classes in each of the freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling disciplines.-Freestyle:-Greco-Roman:-Medal table:...	2,700
Maurice Richard Arena	Boxing Boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics There were eleven boxing events at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.-Light Flyweight :-First Round:* Armando Guevara def. Eduardo Baltar , 5:0* Li Byong-Uk def. Sidney McKnight , KO-1... , Wrestling	4,750
Montreal Botanical Garden	Athletics Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, 37 events were contested in athletics. There were a total number of 1006 participating athletes from 80 countries.-Men's events:-Women's events:-Medal table:-References:**...  (20 km walk), Modern pentathlon Modern pentathlon at the 1976 Summer Olympics The modern pentathlon at the 1976 Summer Olympics was represented by two events : Individual competition and Team competition...  (running)	Not listed.
Olympic Pool	Diving Diving at the 1976 Summer Olympics At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, four diving events were contested during a competition that took place at the Montréal Olympic Pool, from 19 to 27 July , comprising 82 divers from 22 nations.-Medal summary:... , Modern pentathlon (swimming), Swimming Swimming at the 1976 Summer Olympics The 1976 Summer Olympics were held in Montréal, Canada, 26 events in swimming were contested. There was a total of 471 participants from 51 countries competing.-Medal table:-Men's events:-Women's events:-References:... , Water polo Water polo at the 1976 Summer Olympics The water polo tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics was held from July 18 to July 27, 1976 in Montreal, Canada.-Medalists:-Participating teams:Group AGroup BGroup C-Group A:*July 18, 1976*July 19, 1976*July 20, 1976-Group B:...  (final)	10,000
Olympic Stadium Olympic Stadium (Montreal) The Olympic Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in the Hochelaga-Maisonneuve district of Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the main venue for the 1976 Summer Olympics...	Athletics, Ceremonies (opening/ closing), Equestrian Equestrian at the 1976 Summer Olympics The Equestrian Events at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal included Show Jumping, Dressage and Eventing. All three disciplines had both individual and team competitions.-Medal summary:-Participating nations:...  (jumping team final), Football Football at the 1976 Summer Olympics Final results for the Football competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Toronto, Ottawa, and Sherbrooke. Groups A, C and D had only three teams instead of four, as Nigeria, Ghana and Zambia national teams adhered to African-led boycott of the Games against the participation of New...  (final)	70,000
Olympic Velodrome Montreal Biodome The Montreal Biodome is a facility located in Montreal that allows visitors to walk through replicas of four ecosystems found in the Americas. The building was originally constructed for the 1976 Olympic Games as a velodrome. It hosted both track cycling and judo events...	Cycling Cycling at the 1976 Summer Olympics The cycling competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal consisted of two road cycling events and four track cycling events, all for men only. The 2000m tandem event, contested at the previous 13 Games since 1908, was dropped from the Olympic cycling program.-Medal summary:-Medal...  (track), Judo Judo at the 1976 Summer Olympics At the Judo competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics medals were awarded in 5 weight classes and in the open competition, and was restricted to male judoka only.-Medal summary:-Medal table:-References:*...	2,600
Olympic Village Olympic Village (Montreal) The Olympic Village is a twin-tower structure in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the athletes' residence for the 1976 Summer Olympics. It was built by Rene Lepine, CEO of the real estate company, Groupe Lepine, and his associates through the company ZAROLEGA Inc...	Competitor housing	Not listed.

Greater Montreal

Venue	Sports	Capacity	Ref.
Centre Étienne Desmarteau Centre Étienne Desmarteau The Centre Étienne Desmarteau is multi-purpose complex center with 2 arenas in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The first Arena in the complex have 2,200 seat which took Caroline Ouellette's name . The second Arena, more small, have a space for 600 persons. We find also two Olympic gymnasiums, some...	Basketball Basketball at the 1976 Summer Olympics Basketball contests at the 1976 Summer Olympics took place from July 18 to July 27 at the Centre Étienne Desmarteau and the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Canada. Women's basketball was introduced to the Olympic program for the first time at this Games...  preliminaries	2,200
Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard The Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard is a multi-purpose sport facility, located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in the borough of Ahuntsic-Cartierville.-Overview:...	Handball Handball at the 1976 Summer Olympics Handball at the 1976 Summer Olympics featured competition for men and women.On July 26, a Croatian nationalist ran onto the field of play during the men's match between SFR Yugoslavia and West Germany and burned the Yugoslav flag.-Medal summary:... , Water polo	2,755 (Water polo) 4,721 (Handball)
Île Notre-Dame Île Notre-Dame Île Notre-Dame is an artificial island built in 10 months from 15 million tons of rock excavated for the Montreal Metro in 1965. It was created for Expo 67 to celebrate Canada's centennial. The island is part of the city of Montreal and forms part of the Hochelaga Archipelago...	Canoeing Canoeing at the 1976 Summer Olympics Canoeing at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada consisted of 11 events, all in canoe sprint, held at the rowing basin on Île Notre-Dame. The canoe slalom events introduced at the previous Games in Munich were not included in the Montreal program though four 500 m events for men were... , Rowing Rowing at the 1976 Summer Olympics Rowing at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal featured races in 14 events, all held at the rowing basin on Île Notre-Dame. Women's events held at 1000 m debuted ....	27,000
Molson Stadium, McGill University	Field hockey Field hockey at the 1976 Summer Olympics The Field Hockey competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics, which was held in the Molson Stadium at the McGill University, made history as it was played on an artificial surface for the first time in history...	19,500
Montreal Forum Montreal Forum The Montreal Forum was an indoor arena located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Called "the most storied building in hockey history" by Sporting News, it was home of the National Hockey League's Montreal Maroons from 1924 to 1938 and the Montreal Canadiens from 1926 to 1996...	Basketball (final), Boxing (final), Gymnastics Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics At the 1976 Summer Olympics, fourteen different artistic gymnastics events were contested, eight for men and six for women. All events were held at the Montreal Forum in Montreal from July 18 through 23rd.... , Handball (final), Volleyball Volleyball at the 1976 Summer Olympics Volleyball at the 1976 Summer Olympics was represented by two events: men's team and women's team.-Medal table:-Medal summary:-External links:*...  (final)	18,000
Mount Royal Park Mount Royal Mount Royal is a mountain in the city of Montreal, immediately west of downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the city to which it gave its name.The mountain is part of the Monteregian Hills situated between the Laurentians and the Appalachians...	Cycling (individual road race)	4,400
Paul Sauvé Centre Paul Sauvé Arena The Paul Sauvé Arena was an indoor arena located in Montreal, Quebec, specifically in Rosemont. It had a capacity of 4,000. It was built in 1960 and demolished in 1996. The arena was named after Paul Sauvé , a Quebec Premier with the Union Nationale.The arena hosted some of the most important...	Volleyball preliminaries	4,000
Quebec Autoroute 40 Quebec Autoroute 40 Autoroute 40 is a major highway on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec, Canada. It is one of the two main connections between Montreal and Quebec City...	Cycling (road team time trial)	Not listed.
St. Michel Arena St. Michel Arena St. Michel Arena is a 2000-seat indoor arena that was built in 1968. It served as the weightlifting venue of the 1976 Summer Olympics. Capacity was temporarily raised to 2700.-Reference:* Volume 2. pp. 130-3....	Weightlifting Weightlifting at the 1976 Summer Olympics The weightlifting competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal consisted of nine weight classes, all for men only. The Clean and press was dropped from the included lifts due to disagreement over proper form.-Medal summary:...	2,000
Streets of Montreal	Athletics (marathon)	Not listed.
Winter Stadium, Université de Montréal Winter Stadium (Montreal) Winter Stadium is an indoor arena located on the campus of the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It hosted the fencing and fencing part of the modern pentathlon events in the 1976 Summer Olympics. It has a capacity of 2,461.-Reference:...	Fencing Fencing at the 1976 Summer Olympics At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, eight events in fencing were contested. Men competed in both individual and team events for each of the three weapon types , but women competed only in foil events.-Men's events:... , Modern pentathlon (fencing)	2,461

Football venues

Venue	Sports	Capacity	Ref.
Lansdowne Park Frank Clair Stadium Frank Clair Stadium is a Canadian football stadium in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located in Lansdowne Park, on the southern edge of The Glebe neighbourhood, where Bank Street crosses the Rideau Canal.-Tenants:...  (Ottawa Ottawa Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario... )	Football	30,000
Sherbrooke Stadium Municipal Stadium (Sherbrooke) Municipal Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It is used mostly for football and hosted three football games during the 1976 Summer Olympics. It holds 4,000 people.-References:* Volume 2. pp. 208–11....	Football	10,000
Varsity Stadium Varsity Stadium Varsity Stadium is a collegiate football stadium that is home to the Varsity Blues, the athletic teams of the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. While the present structure was built in 2007, it is in fact the third major incarnation of the stadium that has occupied the same site...  (Toronto Toronto Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from... )	Football	21,739

Handball venues

Venue	Sports	Capacity	Ref.
Pavilion de l'éducation physique et des sports de l'Université Laval PEPS The ' , usually called PEPS for short, is a sports complex located in Quebec City, Quebec, on the campus of the Université Laval...  (Quebec City Quebec City Quebec , also Québec, Quebec City or Québec City is the capital of the Canadian province of Quebec and is located within the Capitale-Nationale region. It is the second most populous city in Quebec after Montreal, which is about to the southwest... )	Handball	3,732
Sherbrooke Sports Palace Palais des Sports (Sherbrooke) The Palais des Sports is a 5,328-seat multi-purpose arena in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. It was built in 1965. Starting in 2012, this arena will be home to the Sherbrooke Phoenix of the QMJHL....	Handball	4,400

Other venues

Venue	Sports	Capacity	Ref.
Olympic Archery Field, Joliette Olympic Archery Field, Joliette The Olympic Archery Field, Joliette was a field located in Joliette, Quebec. Approved in 1974 by the International Archery Federation for use, it hosted the archery competitions for the 1976 Summer Olympics.-References:* Volume 2. pp. 190–3....	Archery Archery at the 1976 Summer Olympics At the 1976 Summer Olympics two archery events were contested. It was the second iteration of the modern archery competition in the Olympics, following the same format as in the 1972 Summer Olympics. The two events were men's individual and women's individual, and the competition in each event...	2,000
Olympic Equestrian Centre, Bromont Olympic Equestrian Centre, Bromont The Olympic Equestrian Centre, Bromont is a horse sports venue located in Bromont, Quebec. Built in 1975, it hosted the equestrian and the riding portion of the modern pentathlon competitions for the 1976 Summer Olympics.Since the 1976 Games, the venue has hosted numerous equestrian...	Equestrian (all events but jumping team final), Modern pentathlon (riding)	35,000
Olympic Shooting Range, L'Acadie Olympic Shooting Range, L'Acadie The Olympic Shooting Range, L'Acadie was a temporary firing range located in L'Acadie, Quebec. For the 1976 Summer Olympics held in neighboring Montreal, it hosted the shooting and the shooting part of the modern pentathlon events.-References:...	Modern pentathlon (shooting), Shooting Shooting at the 1976 Summer Olympics Shooting at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal comprised seven events, all open to both men and women. For the first time ever, a woman won an Olympic medal in shooting: Margaret Murdock caught the silver in the Three positions event.-Medal count:...	1,000
Portsmouth Olympic Harbour Portsmouth Olympic Harbour Portsmouth Olympic Harbour is a harbour located in Kingston, Ontario. For the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, it hosted the sailing events.Constructed in 1969, it has played host to the Canadian Olympic-training Regatta, Kingston , an annual event. The harbour was reconstructed in 1974 in time...  (Kingston, Ontario Kingston, Ontario Kingston, Ontario is a Canadian city located in Eastern Ontario where the St. Lawrence River flows out of Lake Ontario. Originally a First Nations settlement called "Katarowki," , growing European exploration in the 17th Century made it an important trading post... )	Sailing Sailing at the 1976 Summer Olympics Sailing/Yachting is a Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad . With the exception of 1904 and possible 1916 sailing was always a part of the Olympic program....	Not listed

Before the Olympics

Molson Stadium was constructed in 1915. It was home of the Canadian Football League

Canadian Football League

The Canadian Football League or CFL is a professional sports league located in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football, a form of gridiron football closely related to American football....

 (CFL)'s original Montreal Alouettes

Montreal Alouettes

The Montreal Alouettes are a Canadian Football League team based in Montreal, Quebec.The current franchise named the Alouettes moved to Montreal from Baltimore, Maryland, in 1996 where they had been known as the Baltimore Stallions...

 from 1954 to 1967. The only CFL Grey Cup

Grey Cup

The Grey Cup is both the name of the championship of the Canadian Football League and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team. It is Canada's largest annual sports and television event, regularly drawing a Canadian viewing audience of about 3 to 4 million individuals...

 ever held there was in 1931

19th Grey Cup

The 19th Grey Cup was played on December 5, 1931, before 5,112 fans at the Percival Molson Memorial Stadium at Montreal. This marked the first time the Grey Cup was awarded to a club from outside of Ontario. This game also marked the first time that use of a forward pass was allowed by the Canadian...

 and it was where the Montreal Wheeled Wingers defeated the Regina Roughriders (Saskatchewan since 1950 officially). The stadium was converted into artificial turf in 1975 in time for the field hockey competitions, the first time in Olympic history this happened.

Varsity Stadium was first built in 1898, with the first stadium being constructed in 1911. The stadium was renovated in 1950, and renovated again in time for the 1976 Games. It hosted the CFL Grey Cup a record 30 times between 1911

3rd Grey Cup

The 3rd Grey Cup was played on November 25, 1911, before 13,687 fans at Varsity Stadium at Toronto.The University of Toronto Varsity Blues defeated the Toronto Argonauts 14 to 7.-Game summary:U...

 and 1957

45th Grey Cup

The 45th Grey Cup was the Canadian Football Council's championship game of the 1957 season, which was played on November 30, 1957. The Hamilton Tiger-Cats defeated the Winnipeg Blue Bombers 32–7 at Varsity Stadium in Toronto....

. The stadium served as host of the CFL's Toronto Argonauts

Toronto Argonauts

The Toronto Argonauts are a professional Canadian football team competing in the East Division of the Canadian Football League. The Toronto, Ontario based team was founded in 1873 and is one of the oldest existing professional sports teams in North America, after the Chicago Cubs and the Atlanta...

 from 1919 to 1958.

Landsdowne Park was first built in 1903, then rebuilt six years later following a boiler explosion at the park. It was reconstructed in 1967. The venue hosted the Grey Cup four times between 1925

13th Grey Cup

The 13th Grey Cup was played on December 5, 1925, before 6,900 fans at the Lansdowne Park at Ottawa.The Ottawa Senators defeated the Winnipeg Tammany Tigers 24 to 1....

 and 1967

55th Grey Cup

The 55th Grey Cup was played between the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and the Saskatchewan Roughriders on December 2, 1967, at Lansdowne Park in Ottawa, before 31,358 fans and was won by the Tiger-Cats by a score of 24 to 1.- Box Score :First Quarter...

.

The Forum was completed in 1924 and served as host to the National Hockey League

National Hockey League

The National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of 30 franchised member clubs, of which 7 are currently located in Canada and 23 in the United States...

 (NHL)'s Montreal Maroons

Montreal Maroons

The Montreal Maroons was a professional men's ice hockey team in the National Hockey League . They played in the NHL from 1924 to 1938, winning the Stanley Cup in 1926 and 1935...

 and later, Montreal Canadiens

Montreal Canadiens

The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League . The club is officially known as ...

. It underwent a renovation in 1968. By the time of the 1976 Games, the then-defunct Maroons had won two Stanley Cup

Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is an ice hockey club trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League playoffs champion after the conclusion of the Stanley Cup Finals. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanley's Cup, The Holy Grail, or facetiously as Lord Stanley's Mug...

s (they folded in 1938) while the Canadiens had won their then-record 18th Stanley Cup, including the 1975-6 season

1976 Stanley Cup Finals

-References:...

.

Île Notre-Dame was created in 1963 and used as a venue for Expo 67

Expo 67

The 1967 International and Universal Exposition or Expo 67, as it was commonly known, was the general exhibition, Category One World's Fair held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, from April 27 to October 29, 1967. It is considered to be the most successful World's Fair of the 20th century, with the...

 four years later. The Island underwent a renovation in 1974 to complete the canoeing and rowing basin used for the 1976 Games. It was completed in time for the test events in 1975.

Montreal itself bid for the Winter Olympics, first in 1944

1944 Winter Olympics

The anticipated 1944 Winter Olympics, which would have been officially known as the V Olympic Winter Games , were to be celebrated in February 1944 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy...

 (cancelled to World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

), and then again in 1956

1956 Winter Olympics

The 1956 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VII Olympic Winter Games, was a winter multi-sport event celebrated in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy. This celebration of the Games was held from 26 January to 5 February 1956. Cortina, which had originally been awarded the 1944 Winter Olympics, beat out...

. The city also lost out in its bid for the Summer Olympics in 1956

1956 Summer Olympics

The 1956 Melbourne Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in Melbourne, Australia, in 1956, with the exception of the equestrian events, which could not be held in Australia due to quarantine regulations...

 and 1972

1972 Summer Olympics

The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from August 26 to September 11, 1972....

 before finally winning the 1976 Summer Olympics in 1970. Many venues were located within a 10 km (6.2 mi) radius of the Olympic Park. Three venues in the Olympic Park were new: Olympic Stadium, Olympic Pool, and Olympic Velodrome, while other venues both near the park and outside of Montreal in general had to be rebuilt, refurbished, and/or expanded to meet the needs of the 1976 Games.

Olympic Stadium was planned to be a retractable roof

Retractable roof

A retractable roof is a kinetic architectural element used in many sports venues, in which a roof made of a suitable material can readily be mechanically deployed from some retracted or open position into a closed or extended position that completely covers the field of play and spectator areas...

 stadium, the first venue of its kind in the world. This ability was to come from the tower located above the stadium that would deploy when inclement weather occurred. Construction on the Stadium began in November 1973 with the complete sections of the stadium being complete between May 1975 and May 1976. A strike in November 1974 on stadium construction that lasted until January 1975 followed by another strike nine months later prevented completion of the tower and the retractable roof. It would result in the loss of 155 work-days at the Stadium by May 1976.

The strike at the stadium also affected construction at the Olympic Pool that was located adjacent to the stadium. In fact, FINA

Fina

Fina may refer to:*Fina, a character in the Skies of Arcadia video game*FINA, the International Swimming Federation*FINA, the North American Forum on Integration...

 President Harold Henning commented on the facility construction in January 1976 that "Short of a miracle, the Olympic swimming, diving, and water polo competitions cannot be held in Montreal during the 1976 Games!". Henning's concern was reiterated at an International Olympic Committee

International Olympic Committee

The International Olympic Committee is an international corporation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president...

 meeting in Innsbruck

Innsbruck

- Main sights :- Buildings :*Golden Roof*Kaiserliche Hofburg *Hofkirche with the cenotaph of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor*Altes Landhaus...

 one month later. The venue was completed in May in time for the Olympics.

The velodrome was constructed as an indoor venue out of necessity to Montreal's harsh winters, the first of its kind in the Olympics. Construction began in August 1973 and was completed in April 1976.

These Olympics became the first in the history of sailing to take place in freshwater

Freshwater

Fresh water is naturally occurring water on the Earth's surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. Fresh water is generally characterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and...

 since Kingston is located on the Great Lakes

Great Lakes

The Great Lakes are a collection of freshwater lakes located in northeastern North America, on the Canada – United States border. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total surface, coming in second by volume...

, specifically Lake Ontario

Lake Ontario

Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded on the north and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south by the American state of New York. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. In the Wyandot language, ontarío means...

. The part of the harbor used was reconstructed in 1974 in time for the 1976 Games.

During the Olympics

An incomplete Olympic Stadium meant weather played a factor in many of the sporting events that took place. An example of this was in the men's high jump final where rain began when the height was at 7 foot and was coming down so heavily at 7 in 3 in (2.21 m) that large puddles formed in the high jump area. This forced world record holder Dwight Stones

Dwight Stones

Dwight Edwin Stones is an American television commentator and a two-time Olympic bronze medalist and former three-time world record holder in the men's high jump. During his 16-year career, he won 19 national championships. In 1984, Stones became the first athlete to both compete and announce at...

 of the United States

United States at the 1976 Summer Olympics

The United States competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. 396 competitors, 278 men and 118 women, took part in 189 events in 19 sports.-Medalists:...

 to grab a squeegee and start mopping up the mess himself. Other high jumpers joined Stones, including Canada

Canada at the 1976 Summer Olympics

Canada was the host nation for the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. 385 competitors, 261 men and 124 women, took part in 173 events in 23 sports.-Medalists:...

's Greg Joy

Greg Joy

Gregory Andrew Joy is an American-born Canadian high jumper who competed from 1973 to 1982 for Canada. He won the silver medal in the high jump at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal....

, to help mop up the area. Gold medalist Jacek Wszoła of Poland

Poland at the 1976 Summer Olympics

Poland competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. 207 competitors, 180 men and 27 women, took part in 116 events in 18 sports.- Gold:* Irena Szewińska — Athletics, Women's 400 metres* Jacek Wszola — Athletics, Men's High Jump...

 stated he won the high jump event when it started raining. Joy would win silver while Stones would win bronze in the event. The same hard rain that affected the men's high jump also affected the men's 4 x 400 m relay.

Heavy rain also affected the football final at Olympic Stadium where East Germany

East Germany at the 1976 Summer Olympics

Athletes from East Germany competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. 267 competitors, 154 men and 113 women, took part in 139 events in 17 sports.-Medalists:-Athletics:Men's Marathon...

 defeated Poland 3-1.

A strong and unpredictable headwind in the men's pole vault final affected the last man in the competition, David Roberts of the United States, and his attempt to clear 18 foot. Roberts missed at all three attempts and finished with a bronze.

Poor weather also affected the trap shooting event where Donald Haldeman

Donald Haldeman

Donald Stanley Haldeman is an American sports shooter from Souderton, Pennsylvania. He competed and won a gold medal in the 1976 Summer Olympics, the third American shooter to win Olympic gold in Trapshooting.-References:...

 of the United States won with a score of 190.

The pool itself produced a total of 27 swimming world records during the Games.

In the opening heat of the canoeing K-1 1000 m event, changes in barometric

Barometer

A barometer is a scientific instrument used in meteorology to measure atmospheric pressure. Pressure tendency can forecast short term changes in the weather...

 pressure affected the sensitivity of the electronic scales to where it caused kayak

Kayak

A kayak is a small, relatively narrow, human-powered boat primarily designed to be manually propelled by means of a double blade paddle.The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler...

s that were in spec on weight to be underweight. This led to the disqualifications of Italy

Italy at the 1976 Summer Olympics

Italy competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. 210 competitors, 183 men and 27 women, took part in 122 events in 20 sports.- Gold:* Klaus Dibiasi — Diving, Men's Platform...

's Oreste Perri

Oreste Perri

Oreste Perri is an Italian sprint canoer who competed from the early 1970s to the early 1980s.Perri was born in Castelverde, in the province of Cremona...

, the co-world champion

1975 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships

The 1975 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia for the second time, having hosted them in 1971. This also equaled the most times a city had done so with Copenhagen, Denmark ....

, and Romania

Romania at the 1976 Summer Olympics

Romania competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. 157 competitors, 103 men and 54 women, took part in 92 events in 11 sports.- Gold:* Vasile Dîba — Canoeing, Men's K1 500m Kayak Singles...

's Vasile Dîba

Vasile Dîba

Vasile Dîba is a Romanian sprint canoer who competed from the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s. Competing in three Summer Olympics, he won four medals with one gold , one silver , and two bronzes .Dîba also won seven medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with five golds Vasile Dîba (born...

 though both disqualification were rescinded by the International Canoe Federation

International Canoe Federation

The International Canoe Federation is the umbrella organization of all national canoe organizations worldwide. It is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and administers all aspects of canoe sport worldwide...

.

After the Olympics

In 1977

1977 Montreal Expos season

The 1969 Montreal Expos season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the National League East with a record of 73-87, 26 games behind the Philadelphia Phillies...

, Major League Baseball

Major League Baseball

Major League Baseball is the highest level of professional baseball in the United States and Canada, consisting of teams that play in the National League and the American League...

's (MLB) Montreal Expos

Montreal Expos

The Montreal Expos were a Major League Baseball team located in Montreal, Quebec from 1969 through 2004, holding the first MLB franchise awarded outside the United States. After the 2004 season, MLB moved the Expos to Washington, D.C. and renamed them the Nationals.Named after the Expo 67 World's...

 moved into Olympic Stadium from their home at Jarry Park Stadium

Jarry Park Stadium

Jarry Park Stadium is a former baseball stadium in Montreal which served as home to the Montreal Expos, Major League Baseball's first Canadian franchise, from 1969–1976. It served as a temporary home until the domed Olympic Stadium was finished and made available to the Expos...

. Jarry Park was the Expos's home from their founding in 1969

1969 Montreal Expos season

The Montreal Expos participated in their first season in Major League Baseball in . Even though the Expos, as typical for first-year expansion teams, finished in the cellar of the National League East Division with a 52-110 record, 48 games behind the eventual World Series Champion New York Mets,...

 until 1976

1976 Montreal Expos season

The Montreal Expos season was the eighth season in the history of the franchise. The Expos finished in last place in the National League East with a record of 55-107, 46 games behind the Philadelphia Phillies...

. Olympic Stadium became the first venue outside of the United States to host the MLB All-Star Game

Major League Baseball All-Star Game

The Major League Baseball All-Star Game, also known as the "Midsummer Classic", is an annual baseball game between players from the National League and the American League, currently selected by a combination of fans, players, coaches, and managers...

 in 1982

1982 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

The 1982 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 53rd midseason exhibition between the all-stars of the American League and the National League , the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was played on July 13, 1982 at Olympic Stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, home of the...

. The same year that the Expos moved into Olympic Stadium also saw the CFL's Alouettes move into, where they would stay until 1981 when they went bankrupt. The Alouettes were sold to Montreal businessman Charles Bronfmann in 1982 and renamed the Renegades until 1986 when they renamed the Alouettes in 1987, only to fold again that same year. The CFL's American experiment

CFL USA

The term CFL USA refers to the abortive expansion of the Canadian Football League into the United States in the early-to-mid 1990s. The 1993 CFL season saw the addition of the first American team to the league, the Sacramento Gold Miners...

 of 1993–95, which saw the creation of the Baltimore Stallions

Baltimore Stallions

The Baltimore Stallions were a Canadian Football League team based in Baltimore, Maryland, which played the 1994 and 1995 seasons. They were the most successful American team in the Canadian Football League, having two winning seasons and a division title. In 1995 they became the only American team...

 in 1994, ended in failure; the Stallions, by far the most successful of the U.S. teams, moved to Montreal to be renamed the Alouettes. In 1991, Olympic Stadium was remodeled with 12,000 fewer seats for the Expos. A 55 ton structural element collapsed in September 1991, forcing the Expos to play two home games on the road. By 1998, the Alouettes moved from Olympic Stadium to Molson Stadium where they have been as of 2010. The 1976 main venue also host the Grey Cup

Grey Cup

The Grey Cup is both the name of the championship of the Canadian Football League and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team. It is Canada's largest annual sports and television event, regularly drawing a Canadian viewing audience of about 3 to 4 million individuals...

 six times between 1977

65th Grey Cup

The 65th Grey Cup, played on November 27, 1977 and also known as The Ice Bowl, was the 1977 Grey Cup Canadian Football League championship final between the Montreal Alouettes and the Edmonton Eskimos...

 and 2008

96th Grey Cup

The 96th Grey Cup was held in Montreal, Quebec at Olympic Stadium on November 23, 2008. The Eastern Division Champion Montreal Alouettes hosted the Western Division Champion Calgary Stampeders. The Stampeders won the game 22-14, with quarterback Henry Burris winning the MVP award...

. Olympic Stadium would finally have its inclined tower finished in full in 1987 along with the retractable roof. The roof however continued to give problems to the Olympic Stadium with it tearing apart. A replacement roof, which was fixed, started in 1997 and was finished in 1998. The last two seasons of the Expos were split between Montreal and San Juan, Puerto Rico

San Juan, Puerto Rico

San Juan , officially Municipio de la Ciudad Capital San Juan Bautista , is the capital and most populous municipality in Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 395,326 making it the 46th-largest city under the jurisdiction of...

 before they moved to Washington, DC in 2005

2005 in baseball

-Headline events of the year:*Chicago White Sox swept the Houston Astros to win the 2005 World Series.*2005 also marked the inaugural season of the Washington Nationals, who relocated from Montreal and were formerly known as the Expos....

 to become the Washington Nationals

Washington Nationals

The Washington Nationals are a professional baseball team based in Washington, D.C. The Nationals are a member of the Eastern Division of the National League of Major League Baseball . The team moved into the newly built Nationals Park in 2008, after playing their first three seasons in RFK Stadium...

. Montreal's last baseball game was on 29 September 2004 and it was a 9-1 loss to the defending World series champion

2003 World Series

The 2003 World Series marked the 99th baseball World Series event. The Florida Marlins defeated the New York Yankees in six games, 4–2.-Background:...

 Florida Marlins

Florida Marlins

The Miami Marlins are a professional baseball team based in Miami, Florida, United States. Established in 1993 as an expansion franchise called the Florida Marlins, the Marlins are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's National League. The Marlins played their home games at...

.

The Forum would serve as home to the NHL Canadiens where they would win five more Stanley Cups between the 1976 Games and them moving to the Molson Centre

Bell Centre

The Bell Centre , formerly known as the Molson Centre , is a sports and entertainment complex in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It opened on March 16, 1996 after nearly three years under construction...

 (Bell Centre since 2002) during the 1995-96 NHL season

1995-96 NHL season

The 1995–96 NHL season was the 79th regular season of the National Hockey League. The Stanley Cup winners were the Colorado Avalanche, who, in their first year as the Avalanche, swept the Florida Panthers in four games.-League business:...

. It was named a National Historic Site of Canada in 1997.

A feasbility study was done on the velodrome in 1988 to convert the venue into an indoor zoo

Zoo

A zoological garden, zoological park, menagerie, or zoo is a facility in which animals are confined within enclosures, displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred....

. This was completed the following year with renovations commencing between 1989 and 1992. The venue, now known as the Montreal Biodôme, opened on 19 June 1992.

Île-Notre Dame serves in multiple uses as of 2010. The canoeing and rowing basin has hosted World Rowing Championships

World Rowing Championships

The World Rowing Championships is an international rowing regatta organized by FISA . It is a week long event held at the end of the northern hemisphere summer and in non-Olympic years is the highlight of the international rowing calendar.The first event was held in Lucerne, Switzerland in 1962...

 special events in 1984 and 1992. The venue hosted the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in 1986

1986 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships

The 1986 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships were held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada at the Île Notre-Dame. This is also where the canoeing and rowing competitions for the 1976 Summer Olympics took place....

. West of the basin on the island is Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

Circuit Gilles Villeneuve

The Circuit Gilles Villeneuve is a motor racing circuit, venue for the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix, NASCAR Canadian Tire Series, NASCAR Nationwide Series and Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series....

 which opened in 1978. The circuit has hosted the Formula One

Formula One

Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1 and referred to officially as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of single seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . The "formula" designation in the name refers to a set of rules with which...

 Canadian Grand Prix

Canadian Grand Prix

The Canadian Grand Prix , abbreviated as gpc, is an annual auto race held in Canada starting in 1961. It has been part of the Formula One World Championship since 1967...

 every year except 1987

1987 Formula One season

The 1987 Formula One season was the 38th season of Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1987 FIA Formula One World Championship for Drivers and Constructors which commenced on April 12, 1987 and ended on November 15 after sixteen races...

 and 2009

2009 Formula One season

The 2009 Formula One season was the 60th FIA Formula One World Championship season. The season took place over 17 rounds, and started with the on 29 March 2009. It ended on 1 November 2009 with the inaugural ....

.