Vesicular transport protein
Encyclopedia
A vesicular transport protein is a transmembrane or membrane associated protein
. It regulates or facilitates the movement by vesicles
of the contents of the cell.
.
Membrane protein
A membrane protein is a protein molecule that is attached to, or associated with the membrane of a cell or an organelle. More than half of all proteins interact with membranes.-Function:...
. It regulates or facilitates the movement by vesicles
Vesicle (biology)
A vesicle is a bubble of liquid within another liquid, a supramolecular assembly made up of many different molecules. More technically, a vesicle is a small membrane-enclosed sack that can store or transport substances. Vesicles can form naturally because of the properties of lipid membranes , or...
of the contents of the cell.
Types
Examples include:- ArchainArchainArchain is a protein located on chromosome 11.Also known as ARCH1, it plays a role in eukaryotic cell biology.It is part of the COPI coatomer complex....
- ARFsADP ribosylation factorADP Ribosylation Factors are members of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. ARF family proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, and six highly conserved members of the family have been identified in mammalian cells. Although ARFs are soluble, they generally...
- ClathrinClathrinClathrin is a protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated vesicles. Clathrin was first isolated and named by Barbara Pearse in 1975. It forms a triskelion shape composed of three clathrin heavy chains and three light chains. When the triskelia interact they form a polyhedral lattice...
- CaveolinCaveolinCaveolins are a family of integral membrane proteins which are the principal components of caveolae membranes and involved in receptor-independent endocytosis. Caveolins may act as scaffolding proteins within caveolar membranes by compartmentalizing and concentrating signaling molecules...
- DynaminDynaminDynamin is a GTPase responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. Dynamins are principally involved in the scission of newly formed vesicles from the membrane of one cellular compartment and their targeting to, and fusion with, another compartment, both at the cell surface as well as at the...
and related proteins, such as the EHD protein familyEHD protein familyThe EHD protein family comprises a group of protein that function in intracellular trafficking and that possess a dynamin like structural fold.In humans, four proteins are characterized as belonging to this family:*EHD1*EHD2*EHD3*EHD4... - Rab proteinsRab (G-protein)The Rab family of proteins is a member of the Ras superfamily of monomeric G proteins. Approximately 70 types of Rabs have now been identified in humans. Rab GTPases regulate many steps of membrane traffic, including vesicle formation, vesicle movement along actin and tubulin networks, and membrane...
- SNAREsSNARE (protein)SNARE proteins are a large protein superfamily consisting of more than 60 members in yeast and mammalian cells....
- Sorting nexinsSorting nexinsSorting nexins are a large group of proteins that are localized in the cytoplasm and have the potential for membrane association either through their lipid-binding PX domain or through protein-protein interactions with membrane-associated protein complexes Some members of this family have been...
- SynaptotagminSynaptotagminSynaptotagmins constitute a family of membrane-trafficking proteins that are characterized by an N-terminal transmembrane region , a variable linker, and two C-terminal C2 domains - C2A and C2B. There are 15 members in the mammalian synaptotagmin family...
Pathways
There are multiple pathways, each using its own coat and GTPaseGTPase
GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate . The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved G domain common to all GTPases.-Functions:...
.
- COP 1 (Cytosolic coat protein complex ) : retrograde transport ; GolgiGolgi apparatusThe Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It was identified in 1898 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi, after whom the Golgi apparatus is named....
----> Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulumThe endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae... - COP 2 (Cytosolic coat protein complex ) : anterograde transport ; RERRERThe RER is a rapid transit system in France serving Paris and its suburbs. The RER is an integration of a modern city-centre underground rail and a pre-existing set of commuter rail lines. It has several connections with the Paris Métro within the city of Paris. Within the city, the RER...
-----> cis-Golgi - ClathrinClathrinClathrin is a protein that plays a major role in the formation of coated vesicles. Clathrin was first isolated and named by Barbara Pearse in 1975. It forms a triskelion shape composed of three clathrin heavy chains and three light chains. When the triskelia interact they form a polyhedral lattice...
: trans-Golgi ----> LysosomeLysosomethumb|350px|Schematic of typical animal cell, showing subcellular components. [[Organelle]]s: [[nucleoli]] [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] [[ribosomes]] [[vesicle |vesicle]] rough [[endoplasmic reticulum]]...
s , Plasma membrane ----> EndosomeEndosomeIn biology, an endosome is a membrane-bound compartment inside eukaryotic cells. It is a compartment of the endocytic membrane transport pathway from the plasma membrane to the lysosome. Molecules internalized from the plasma membrane can follow this pathway all the way to lysosomes for...
s (receptor-mediated endocytosisReceptor-mediated endocytosisReceptor-mediated endocytosis , also called clathrin-dependent endocytosis, is a process by which cells internalize molecules by the inward budding of plasma membrane vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being internalized.-Process:After the binding of a...
)
See also
- Membrane transport protein
- Wikipedia:MeSH D12.776#MeSH D12.776.543.990 --- vesicular transport proteins