Vestibulo emotional reflex
Encyclopedia
Vestibulo-emotional reflex (VER) is a reflex 3d head movement that stabilized vertical equilibrium of head by producing head-neck muscle movement with the frequency depending on the emotional and psychophysiological state of a person. Vestibulo-emotional reflex is one of the vestibular reflexes, linking human physiology and emotions. Physiology and pathology of vestibular system
and vestibular apparatus were researched by Robert Bárány
receiving the 1914 Nobel Price in Physiology. The vestibular system
, which contributes to human balance and our sense of spatial orientation, is the sensory system
that provides the dominant input about movement and equilibrioception
. Vertical human head position is controlled by vestibular system by the means of head-neck anatomy
.
in certain patterns to send information about the intensity of a stimulus (for example, how loud a sound is).
Russian neurophysiologist Nikolai Bernstein
spent most part of his life to physiology of movement. He also coined the term biomechanics
, the study of movement through the application of mechanical principles. The principles of biological feedback and discrete movement discovered by Bernstein, forms one of the VER bases and his calculation of human movement time discrete about 0.1 sec was confirmed by video image analysis.
Vestibular system as typical sensory system reacts to stimulus. But gravitation is constantly working stimulus, so vertical head coordination becomes constantly working and reflex process. This is the main physiology difference between vertical head coordination and any other sensory process that works sometimes. This difference transfers vertical head coordination into typical physiological process as heart rate
(HR) measured by ECG and blood pressure, brain activity measured by
electroencephalography (EEG
), or thermoregulation measured by galvanic-skin respond
(GSR). Biological evolution used head vertical coordination for energy regulation , because natural head movement is ideal vibration movement with high energy range. The other sample of nature vibration process for energy regulation is dog tail wagging, but humans have not tail and head movement is better for it. It is understandable, that more high frequency head movement requests more energy, than low frequency movement. On sensor level it means, that signals send from vestibular receptors to autonomic nervous system
, brain and muscles are going with different time delay, depends on biochemical human state. That means dependence between emotional state and vestibular head coordination or vestibulo-emotional reflex.
, psychology
and behavior
testing, lie detection
, emotion
control, self-regulation, fitness, animals research are also providing by the different types of vibraimage system. Vibraimage system transforms biomechanics movement into emotional and physiological data of person by video image processing. This process could be remote and hidden for user that is important for security applications, as aviation security.
Vestibular system
The vestibular system, which contributes to balance in most mammals and to the sense of spatial orientation, is the sensory system that provides the leading contribution about movement and sense of balance. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of...
and vestibular apparatus were researched by Robert Bárány
Robert Bárány
Robert Bárány was a Austro-Hungarian otologist. For his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus of the ear he received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.- Biography :...
receiving the 1914 Nobel Price in Physiology. The vestibular system
Vestibular system
The vestibular system, which contributes to balance in most mammals and to the sense of spatial orientation, is the sensory system that provides the leading contribution about movement and sense of balance. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of...
, which contributes to human balance and our sense of spatial orientation, is the sensory system
Sensory system
A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision, hearing, somatic...
that provides the dominant input about movement and equilibrioception
Equilibrioception
Equilibrioception or sense of balance is one of the physiological senses. It helps prevent humans and animals from falling over when walking or standing still. Balance is the result of a number of body systems working together: the eyes , ears and the body's sense of where it is in space ideally...
. Vertical human head position is controlled by vestibular system by the means of head-neck anatomy
Head and neck anatomy
Head and neck anatomy focuses on the structures of the head and neck of the human body, including the brain, bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, glands, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, and throat...
.
Biomechanics
Two month old child begins to poise the head in vertical position on reflex level, firstly performs visible movements for it. An adult person also performs micromovements for poise vertical head position, because it is impossible to coordinate vertical mechanical balance of heavy object without movements. The trajectory of 3D head movement is enough complicated and used for different vestibular reflexes researches and human health diagnostics, because vestibular system links with sensory system, nervous system and every part of human body. Sensory systems code for four aspects of a stimulus; type, intensity, location, and duration. Certain receptors are sensitive to certain types of stimuli (for example, different mechanoreceptors respond best to different kinds of touch stimuli, like sharp or blunt objects). Receptors send impulsesAction potential
In physiology, an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and...
in certain patterns to send information about the intensity of a stimulus (for example, how loud a sound is).
Russian neurophysiologist Nikolai Bernstein
Nikolai Bernstein
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bernstein was a Soviet neurophysiologist.-Life:Bernstein was largely self-taught, yet his work was respected by his colleagues....
spent most part of his life to physiology of movement. He also coined the term biomechanics
Biomechanics
Biomechanics is the application of mechanical principles to biological systems, such as humans, animals, plants, organs, and cells. Perhaps one of the best definitions was provided by Herbert Hatze in 1974: "Biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of biological systems by means of...
, the study of movement through the application of mechanical principles. The principles of biological feedback and discrete movement discovered by Bernstein, forms one of the VER bases and his calculation of human movement time discrete about 0.1 sec was confirmed by video image analysis.
Vestibular system as typical sensory system reacts to stimulus. But gravitation is constantly working stimulus, so vertical head coordination becomes constantly working and reflex process. This is the main physiology difference between vertical head coordination and any other sensory process that works sometimes. This difference transfers vertical head coordination into typical physiological process as heart rate
Heart rate
Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, typically expressed as beats per minute . Heart rate can vary as the body's need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide changes, such as during exercise or sleep....
(HR) measured by ECG and blood pressure, brain activity measured by
electroencephalography (EEG
EEG
EEG commonly refers to electroencephalography, a measurement of the electrical activity of the brain.EEG may also refer to:* Emperor Entertainment Group, a Hong Kong-based entertainment company...
), or thermoregulation measured by galvanic-skin respond
Galvanic skin response
Skin conductance, also known as galvanic skin response , electrodermal response , psychogalvanic reflex , skin conductance response or skin conductance level , is a method of measuring the electrical conductance of the skin, which varies with its moisture level...
(GSR). Biological evolution used head vertical coordination for energy regulation , because natural head movement is ideal vibration movement with high energy range. The other sample of nature vibration process for energy regulation is dog tail wagging, but humans have not tail and head movement is better for it. It is understandable, that more high frequency head movement requests more energy, than low frequency movement. On sensor level it means, that signals send from vestibular receptors to autonomic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system functioning largely below the level of consciousness, and controls visceral functions. The ANS affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, diameter of the pupils,...
, brain and muscles are going with different time delay, depends on biochemical human state. That means dependence between emotional state and vestibular head coordination or vestibulo-emotional reflex.
VER application
VER gives functional information about person and could be apply for medical, eHealthEHealth
eHealth is a relatively recent term for healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication, dating back to at least 1999...
, psychology
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases. For many, the ultimate goal of psychology is to benefit society...
and behavior
Behavior
Behavior or behaviour refers to the actions and mannerisms made by organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with its environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the physical environment...
testing, lie detection
Lie detection
Lie detection is the practice of attempting to determine whether someone is lying. Activities of the body not easily controlled by the conscious mind are compared under different circumstances. Usually this involves asking the subject control questions where the answers are known to the examiner...
, emotion
Emotion
Emotion is a complex psychophysiological experience of an individual's state of mind as interacting with biochemical and environmental influences. In humans, emotion fundamentally involves "physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience." Emotion is associated with mood,...
control, self-regulation, fitness, animals research are also providing by the different types of vibraimage system. Vibraimage system transforms biomechanics movement into emotional and physiological data of person by video image processing. This process could be remote and hidden for user that is important for security applications, as aviation security.