Vinča Nuclear Institute
Encyclopedia
Vinča Nuclear Institute is a nuclear physics
research institution near Belgrade
, in Serbia
.
. Several different research groups started in the 1950s, and two research reactors were built.
The institute had two reactors; RA and RB. The institute operated two research reactor
s, which were supplied by the USSR. The larger of the two reactors was rated at 6.5 MW and used Soviet-supplied 80% enriched uranium
fuel.
In October 1958, there was a criticality accident
at one of the research reactors. Six workers received large doses of radiation; one died shortly afterwards. The other five received the first ever bone marrow transplant
in Europe.
In November-December 2010, 2.5 tonnes of nuclear waste, including 13kg of 80% enriched uranium, were transported from Vinca to a reprocessing facility at Mayak
in Russia
by trucks, trains, ships, and planes. This was the IAEA's largest ever technical cooperation project, and thousands of police protected the convoys.
Removal of the nuclear waste allows decommissioning of Vinca's remaining reactor to be completed.
Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies the building blocks and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those...
research institution near Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
, in Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
.
History
The Institute was originally established in 1948 as the Institute for Physics. In 1953 it was renamed in favour of Boris KidričBoris Kidric
Boris Kidrič was a leading Slovenian Communist who was, jointly with Edvard Kardelj, one of the chief organizers of the Partisan struggle in Slovenia from 1941 to 1945....
. Several different research groups started in the 1950s, and two research reactors were built.
The institute had two reactors; RA and RB. The institute operated two research reactor
Research reactor
Research reactors are nuclear reactors that serve primarily as a neutron source. They are also called non-power reactors, in contrast to power reactors that are used for electricity production, heat generation, or maritime propulsion.-Purpose:...
s, which were supplied by the USSR. The larger of the two reactors was rated at 6.5 MW and used Soviet-supplied 80% enriched uranium
Uranium
Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons...
fuel.
In October 1958, there was a criticality accident
Criticality accident
A criticality accident, sometimes referred to as an excursion or a power excursion, is an accidental increase of nuclear chain reactions in a fissile material, such as enriched uranium or plutonium...
at one of the research reactors. Six workers received large doses of radiation; one died shortly afterwards. The other five received the first ever bone marrow transplant
Bone marrow transplant
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cell or blood, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cells, or umbilical cord blood...
in Europe.
Removal of waste
In 2009, it was reported that the nuclear fuel storage pool, containing large quantities of nuclear waste, was in poor condition.In November-December 2010, 2.5 tonnes of nuclear waste, including 13kg of 80% enriched uranium, were transported from Vinca to a reprocessing facility at Mayak
Mayak
Mayak Production Association refers to an industrial complex that is one of the biggest nuclear facilities in the Russian Federation. It housed plutonium production reactors and a reprocessing plant...
in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
by trucks, trains, ships, and planes. This was the IAEA's largest ever technical cooperation project, and thousands of police protected the convoys.
Removal of the nuclear waste allows decommissioning of Vinca's remaining reactor to be completed.