Voiced retroflex implosive
Encyclopedia
The voiced retroflex
implosive
is a type of consonant
al sound that has not been confirmed to exist in any language. It has been claimed that Ngad'a
, an Austronesian language
spoken in Flores
, contains such a sound. Sindhi
has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation.
The composed symbol for this, [ᶑ] (a d with both the tail for retroflex and the hook top for implosive, or [ɗ̢]), is not explicitly recognized by the IPA, but is supported in the Unicode Phonetic Extensions Supplement.
Retroflex consonant
A retroflex consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants, especially in Indology...
implosive
Implosive consonant
Implosive consonants are stops with a mixed glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism. That is, the airstream is controlled by moving the glottis downward in addition to expelling air from the lungs. Therefore, unlike the purely glottalic ejective consonants, implosives can...
is a type of consonant
Consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. Examples are , pronounced with the lips; , pronounced with the front of the tongue; , pronounced with the back of the tongue; , pronounced in the throat; and ,...
al sound that has not been confirmed to exist in any language. It has been claimed that Ngad'a
Ngadha language
Ngadha or Ngad'a is an undocumented Austronesian language, one of six languages spoken in the central stretch of the Indonesian island of Flores.From west to east these languages are: Ngadha, Nage, Keo, Ende, Lio, and Palu'e.-References:...
, an Austronesian language
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...
spoken in Flores
Flores
Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 km² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. The population was 1.831.000 in the 2010 census and the largest town is Maumere. Flores is Portuguese for "flowers".Flores is located east of Sumbawa...
, contains such a sound. Sindhi
Sindhi language
Sindhi is the language of the Sindh region of Pakistan that is spoken by the Sindhi people. In India, it is among 22 constitutionally recognized languages, where Sindhis are a sizeable minority. It is spoken by 53,410,910 people in Pakistan, according to the national government's Statistics Division...
has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation.
The composed symbol for this, [ᶑ] (a d with both the tail for retroflex and the hook top for implosive, or [ɗ̢]), is not explicitly recognized by the IPA, but is supported in the Unicode Phonetic Extensions Supplement.