WRU Division Five South Central
Encyclopedia
WRU Division Five South Central |
---|
Founded |
1995 |
Nation |
Promotion To |
WRU Division Four South East WRU Division Four South East The Welsh Rugby Union Division Four South East is a rugby union league in Wales.-Competition:There are 12 clubs in the WRU Division Three South East... |
WRU Division Four South West WRU Division Four South West The Welsh Rugby Union Division Four South West is a rugby union league in Wales first implemented for the 1995/96 season.- Competition:... |
Relegation To |
WRU Division Six Central WRU Division Six Central The Welsh Rugby Union Division Six Central is a rugby union league in Wales first implemented for the 2007/08 season.-Competition:There are 10 clubs in the WRU Division Six Central... |
Number of Teams |
11 |
Level on Pyramid |
Level 6 |
Current Champions (2009-10) |
Bridgend Sports RFC Bridgend Sports RFC Bridgend Sports Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. Formed in 1938 by Victor Blick, the team survived the cessation of club rugby in Wales between 1939 to 1945, during the Second World War. There has been in existence at least two other clubs in Bridgend... |
Website |
National Leagues |
Welsh Rugby Union
The Welsh Rugby Union is the governing body of rugby union in Wales, recognised by the International Rugby Board.The union's patron is Queen Elizabeth II, and her grandson Prince William of Wales became the Vice Royal Patron of the Welsh Rugby Union as of February 2007.-History:The roots of the...
Division Five South Central (also called the SWALEC Division Five South Central for sponsorship reasons) is a rugby union
Rugby union
Rugby union, often simply referred to as rugby, is a full contact team sport which originated in England in the early 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand...
league in Wales
Wales
Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...
first implemented for the 1995/96 season.
Competition
There are 11 clubs in the WRU Division Five South Central. During the course of a season (which lasts from September to May) each club plays the others twice, once at their home ground and once at that of their opponents for a total of 20 games for each club, with a total of 110 games in each season. Teams receive four points for a win and two point for a draw, an additional bonus point is awarded to either team if they score four tries or more in a single match. No points are awarded for a loss though the losing team can gain a bonus point for finishing the match within seven points of the winning team. Teams are ranked by total points, then the amount of tries scored and then points difference. At the end of each season, the club with the most points is crowned as champion. If points are equal the tries scored then points difference determines the winner. The team who is declared champion at the end of the season is eligible for promotion to the WRU Division Four South. The two lowest placed teams are relegated into the WRU Division Six CentralWRU Division Six Central
The Welsh Rugby Union Division Six Central is a rugby union league in Wales first implemented for the 2007/08 season.-Competition:There are 10 clubs in the WRU Division Six Central...
.
Sponsorship
In 2008 the Welsh Rugby Union announced a new sponsorship deal for the club rugby leagues with SWALECSWALEC
SWALEC was an electricity supply and distribution company which was bought out in 1996 for £872m following the de-regulation of the electricity supply industry in the UK....
. The sponsorship is a three year deal that will continue until the 2010/11 season at a cost of £1 million (GBP). The leagues sponsored are the WRU Divisions one through to six.
- (2002-2005) Lloyds TSBLloyds TSBLloyds TSB Bank Plc is a retail bank in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1995 by the merger of Lloyds Bank, established in Birmingham, England in 1765 and traditionally considered one of the Big Four clearing banks, with the TSB Group which traces its origins to 1810...
- (2005-2008) AsdaAsdaAsda Stores Ltd is a British supermarket chain which retails food, clothing, general merchandise, toys and financial services. It also has a mobile telephone network, , Asda Mobile...
- (2008-2011) SWALECSWALECSWALEC was an electricity supply and distribution company which was bought out in 1996 for £872m following the de-regulation of the electricity supply industry in the UK....
League teams
- Banwen RFCBanwen RFCBanwen Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Banwen, South Wales. Originally known as Banwen and District they formed in 1947...
- Blaengarw RFC
- Bryncethin RFCBryncethin RFCBryncethin Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bryncethin, South Wales. Formed in 1890, the club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and presently play in the WRU Division Five South Central.-Club history:...
- Cefn Cribwr RFCCefn Cribwr RFCCefn Cribwr RFC is a rugby union club based in the village of Cefn Cribwr near Bridgend. They currently play in WRU Division Five South Central and run a senior and a youth team.-Website:http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/cefncribwr/...
- Cwmgwrach RFCCwmgwrach RFCCwmgwrach Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Cwmgwrach, Swansea, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys....
- Hirwaun RFC
- Ogmore Vale RFC
- Pontycymmer RFCPontycymmer RFCPontycymmer Rugby Football Club are a Welsh rugby union club based in Pontycymer near Bridgend, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is also a feeder club for the Ospreys. -Club honours:* WRU Division Six Central 1999/2000 - Champions...
- Resolven RFCResolven RFCResolven Rugby Football Club are a Welsh rugby union club based in Resolven in Wales and are a feeder club for the Ospreys. - History :Rugby was supposedly introduced to Resolven by two visiting engineers; Charlie Thomas and Alf Morgan, in 1885. The Club first played at Tan-y- Rhiw, then the Brick...
- Rhigos RFCRhigos RFCRhigos Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union club based in Rhigos, Aberdare, South Wales.-History:Rhigos RFC were formed by the local cricket team that decided they needed a winter sport to allow them to continue playing when the cricket season ended. A vote was made between members on whether...
- South Wales Police RFCSouth Wales Police RFCSouth Wales Police Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.- History :...
- Tonna RFCTonna RFCTonna Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Tonna, Wales, UK. Tonna RFC is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys..-History:...
League teams
- Baglan RFCBaglan RFCBaglan Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Baglan, Port Talbot, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys....
- Banwen RFCBanwen RFCBanwen Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Banwen, South Wales. Originally known as Banwen and District they formed in 1947...
- Blaengarw RFC
- Bridgend Sports RFCBridgend Sports RFCBridgend Sports Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. Formed in 1938 by Victor Blick, the team survived the cessation of club rugby in Wales between 1939 to 1945, during the Second World War. There has been in existence at least two other clubs in Bridgend...
- Bryncethin RFCBryncethin RFCBryncethin Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bryncethin, South Wales. Formed in 1890, the club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and presently play in the WRU Division Five South Central.-Club history:...
- Cefn Cribwr RFCCefn Cribwr RFCCefn Cribwr RFC is a rugby union club based in the village of Cefn Cribwr near Bridgend. They currently play in WRU Division Five South Central and run a senior and a youth team.-Website:http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/cefncribwr/...
- Cwmgwrach RFCCwmgwrach RFCCwmgwrach Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Cwmgwrach, Swansea, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys....
- Hirwaun RFC
- Ogmore Vale RFC
- Rhigos RFCRhigos RFCRhigos Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union club based in Rhigos, Aberdare, South Wales.-History:Rhigos RFC were formed by the local cricket team that decided they needed a winter sport to allow them to continue playing when the cricket season ended. A vote was made between members on whether...
- South Wales Police RFCSouth Wales Police RFCSouth Wales Police Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.- History :...
- Wattstown RFC
League table
2009-2010 WRU Division Five South Central League Table | |||||||||||
Club | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | Points for | Points against | Tries for | Tries against | Try bonus | Losing bonus | Points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bridgend Sports RFC Bridgend Sports RFC Bridgend Sports Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. Formed in 1938 by Victor Blick, the team survived the cessation of club rugby in Wales between 1939 to 1945, during the Second World War. There has been in existence at least two other clubs in Bridgend... |
20 | 17 | 0 | 3 | 918 | 189 | 136 | 22 | 16 | 2 | 86 |
Wattstown RFC | 20 | 16 | 0 | 4 | 614 | 231 | 79 | 25 | 9 | 2 | 75 |
Bryncethin RFC Bryncethin RFC Bryncethin Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bryncethin, South Wales. Formed in 1890, the club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and presently play in the WRU Division Five South Central.-Club history:... |
20 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 587 | 261 | 87 | 33 | 11 | 3 | 74 |
Baglan RFC Baglan RFC Baglan Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Baglan, Port Talbot, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.... |
20 | 13 | 1 | 6 | 660 | 302 | 98 | 39 | 10 | 1 | 65 |
Cwmgwrach RFC Cwmgwrach RFC Cwmgwrach Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Cwmgwrach, Swansea, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.... |
20 | 14 | 0 | 6 | 412 | 406 | 56 | 55 | 6 | 0 | 62 |
Hirwaun RFC | 20 | 9 | 0 | 11 | 385 | 486 | 51 | 64 | 7 | 4 | 47 |
Rhigos RFC Rhigos RFC Rhigos Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union club based in Rhigos, Aberdare, South Wales.-History:Rhigos RFC were formed by the local cricket team that decided they needed a winter sport to allow them to continue playing when the cricket season ended. A vote was made between members on whether... |
20 | 9 | 1 | 10 | 303 | 325 | 37 | 38 | 3 | 3 | 44 |
South Wales Police RFC South Wales Police RFC South Wales Police Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.- History :... |
20 | 6 | 0 | 14 | 219 | 475 | 26 | 69 | 2 | 2 | 28 |
Cefn Cribwr RFC Cefn Cribwr RFC Cefn Cribwr RFC is a rugby union club based in the village of Cefn Cribwr near Bridgend. They currently play in WRU Division Five South Central and run a senior and a youth team.-Website:http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/cefncribwr/... |
20 | 5 | 0 | 15 | 242 | 535 | 25 | 75 | 2 | 4 | 26 |
Ogmore Vale RFC | 20 | 4 | 0 | 16 | 186 | 619 | 20 | 87 | 0 | 3 | 19 |
Blaengarw RFC | 20 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 100 | 797 | 12 | 120 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
Banwen RFC Banwen RFC Banwen Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Banwen, South Wales. Originally known as Banwen and District they formed in 1947... |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Correct as of 4 August 2010 | |||||||||||
League teams
- Baglan RFCBaglan RFCBaglan Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Baglan, Port Talbot, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys....
- Banwen RFCBanwen RFCBanwen Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Banwen, South Wales. Originally known as Banwen and District they formed in 1947...
- Blaengarw RFC
- Bridgend Sports RFCBridgend Sports RFCBridgend Sports Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. Formed in 1938 by Victor Blick, the team survived the cessation of club rugby in Wales between 1939 to 1945, during the Second World War. There has been in existence at least two other clubs in Bridgend...
- Cefn Cribwr RFCCefn Cribwr RFCCefn Cribwr RFC is a rugby union club based in the village of Cefn Cribwr near Bridgend. They currently play in WRU Division Five South Central and run a senior and a youth team.-Website:http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/cefncribwr/...
- Crynant RFCCrynant RFCCrynant Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Crynant, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.-Early history:...
- Cwmgwrach RFCCwmgwrach RFCCwmgwrach Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Cwmgwrach, Swansea, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys....
- Ogmore Vale RFC
- Pyle RFCPyle RFCPyle Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Pyle, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys....
- Rhigos RFCRhigos RFCRhigos Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union club based in Rhigos, Aberdare, South Wales.-History:Rhigos RFC were formed by the local cricket team that decided they needed a winter sport to allow them to continue playing when the cricket season ended. A vote was made between members on whether...
- South Wales Police RFCSouth Wales Police RFCSouth Wales Police Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.- History :...
League table
2008-2009 WRU Division Five South Central League Table | |||||||||||
Club | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | Points for | Points against | Tries for | Tries against | Try bonus | Losing bonus | Points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pyle RFC Pyle RFC Pyle Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Pyle, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.... |
20 | 17 | 1 | 2 | 645 | 209 | 92 | 28 | 9 | 1 | 80 |
Cwmgwrach RFC Cwmgwrach RFC Cwmgwrach Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Cwmgwrach, Swansea, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.... |
20 | 16 | 0 | 4 | 564 | 201 | 91 | 24 | 11 | 1 | 76 |
Bridgend Sports RFC Bridgend Sports RFC Bridgend Sports Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. Formed in 1938 by Victor Blick, the team survived the cessation of club rugby in Wales between 1939 to 1945, during the Second World War. There has been in existence at least two other clubs in Bridgend... |
20 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 461 | 253 | 65 | 28 | 7 | 2 | 67 |
Cefn Cribwr RFC Cefn Cribwr RFC Cefn Cribwr RFC is a rugby union club based in the village of Cefn Cribwr near Bridgend. They currently play in WRU Division Five South Central and run a senior and a youth team.-Website:http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/cefncribwr/... |
20 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 322 | 323 | 50 | 42 | 5 | 4 | 49 |
Ogmore Vale RFC | 20 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 321 | 333 | 34 | 39 | 4 | 1 | 47 |
Banwen RFC Banwen RFC Banwen Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Banwen, South Wales. Originally known as Banwen and District they formed in 1947... |
20 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 293 | 390 | 37 | 47 | 2 | 2 | 44 |
Rhigos RFC Rhigos RFC Rhigos Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union club based in Rhigos, Aberdare, South Wales.-History:Rhigos RFC were formed by the local cricket team that decided they needed a winter sport to allow them to continue playing when the cricket season ended. A vote was made between members on whether... |
20 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 307 | 340 | 38 | 45 | 2 | 4 | 42 |
Baglan RFC Baglan RFC Baglan Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Baglan, Port Talbot, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.... |
20 | 7 | 3 | 10 | 381 | 319 | 50 | 46 | 6 | 2 | 42 |
South Wales Police RFC South Wales Police RFC South Wales Police Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.- History :... |
20 | 6 | 0 | 14 | 178 | 523 | 21 | 81 | 2 | 0 | 26 |
Blaengarw RFC | 20 | 4 | 1 | 15 | 192 | 511 | 26 | 77 | 3 | 4 | 25 |
Crynant RFC Crynant RFC Crynant Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Crynant, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.-Early history:... |
20 | 3 | 1 | 16 | 232 | 494 | 24 | 71 | 1 | 4 | 19 |
Correct as of 28 June 2009 | |||||||||||
League teams
- Aberavon Green Stars RFCAberavon Green Stars RFCAberavon Green Stars Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Aberavon, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys...
- Baglan RFCBaglan RFCBaglan Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Baglan, Port Talbot, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys....
- Blaengarw RFC
- Bridgend Sports RFCBridgend Sports RFCBridgend Sports Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. Formed in 1938 by Victor Blick, the team survived the cessation of club rugby in Wales between 1939 to 1945, during the Second World War. There has been in existence at least two other clubs in Bridgend...
- Cefn Cribwr RFCCefn Cribwr RFCCefn Cribwr RFC is a rugby union club based in the village of Cefn Cribwr near Bridgend. They currently play in WRU Division Five South Central and run a senior and a youth team.-Website:http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/cefncribwr/...
- Crynant RFCCrynant RFCCrynant Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Crynant, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.-Early history:...
- Cwmgwrach RFCCwmgwrach RFCCwmgwrach Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Cwmgwrach, Swansea, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys....
- Porthcawl RFCPorthcawl RFCPorthcawl Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Porthcawl, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys....
- Pyle RFCPyle RFCPyle Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Pyle, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys....
- Rhigos RFCRhigos RFCRhigos Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union club based in Rhigos, Aberdare, South Wales.-History:Rhigos RFC were formed by the local cricket team that decided they needed a winter sport to allow them to continue playing when the cricket season ended. A vote was made between members on whether...
- South Wales Police RFCSouth Wales Police RFCSouth Wales Police Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.- History :...
League table
2007-2008 WRU Division Five South Central League Table | |||||||||||
Club | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | Points for | Points against | Tries for | Tries against | Try bonus | Losing bonus | Points |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aberavon Green Stars RFC Aberavon Green Stars RFC Aberavon Green Stars Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Aberavon, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys... |
20 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 708 | 149 | 107 | 17 | 13 | 0 | 91 |
Porthcawl RFC Porthcawl RFC Porthcawl Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Porthcawl, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.... |
20 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 475 | 243 | 69 | 30 | 9 | 0 | 77 |
Cefn Cribwr RFC Cefn Cribwr RFC Cefn Cribwr RFC is a rugby union club based in the village of Cefn Cribwr near Bridgend. They currently play in WRU Division Five South Central and run a senior and a youth team.-Website:http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/cefncribwr/... |
20 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 524 | 290 | 76 | 35 | 9 | 2 | 71 |
Pyle RFC Pyle RFC Pyle Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Pyle, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.... |
20 | 11 | 2 | 7 | 449 | 298 | 64 | 43 | 5 | 3 | 56 |
Bridgend Sports RFC Bridgend Sports RFC Bridgend Sports Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. Formed in 1938 by Victor Blick, the team survived the cessation of club rugby in Wales between 1939 to 1945, during the Second World War. There has been in existence at least two other clubs in Bridgend... |
20 | 10 | 1 | 9 | 470 | 359 | 57 | 50 | 6 | 5 | 53 |
Baglan RFC Baglan RFC Baglan Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Baglan, Port Talbot, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.... |
20 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 363 | 370 | 45 | 52 | 5 | 4 | 45 |
Cwmgwrach RFC Cwmgwrach RFC Cwmgwrach Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Cwmgwrach, Swansea, Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.... |
19 | 9 | 0 | 10 | 300 | 333 | 41 | 44 | 5 | 2 | 43 |
South Wales Police RFC South Wales Police RFC South Wales Police Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Bridgend, South Wales. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.- History :... |
20 | 4 | 2 | 14 | 294 | 658 | 41 | 100 | 3 | 1 | 24 |
Blaengarw RFC | 19 | 4 | 1 | 14 | 173 | 375 | 24 | 53 | 0 | 4 | 22 |
Rhigos RFC Rhigos RFC Rhigos Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union club based in Rhigos, Aberdare, South Wales.-History:Rhigos RFC were formed by the local cricket team that decided they needed a winter sport to allow them to continue playing when the cricket season ended. A vote was made between members on whether... |
20 | 4 | 0 | 16 | 177 | 478 | 23 | 69 | 0 | 4 | 20 |
Crynant RFC Crynant RFC Crynant Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team based in Crynant, Wales, UK. The club is a member of the Welsh Rugby Union and is a feeder club for the Ospreys.-Early history:... |
20 | 3 | 1 | 16 | 219 | 599 | 32 | 86 | 1 | 1 | 16 |
Correct as of 18:13 13 May 2008 | |||||||||||