Warhol superstars were a clique

Clique

A clique is an exclusive group of people who share common interests, views, purposes, patterns of behavior, or ethnicity. A clique as a reference group can be either normative or comparative. Membership in a clique is typically exclusive, and qualifications for membership may be social or...

 of New York City

New York City

New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...

 personalities promoted by Andy Warhol

Andy Warhol

Andrew Warhola , known as Andy Warhol, was an American painter, printmaker, and filmmaker who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art...

 during the 1960s and early 1970s. These personalities appeared in Warhol's artworks and accompanied him in his social life. They epitomized Warhol's famous dictum: "In the future everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes." Warhol would simply film them, and declare them "superstars".

History

The first recognised superstar was Baby Jane Holzer, whom Warhol featured in many of his early film experiments. The superstars would help Warhol generate publicity while Warhol offered fame and attention in return. Warhol's philosophies of art

Art

Art is the product or process of deliberately arranging items in a way that influences and affects one or more of the senses, emotions, and intellect....

 and celebrity

Celebrity

A celebrity, also referred to as a celeb in popular culture, is a person who has a prominent profile and commands a great degree of public fascination and influence in day-to-day media...

 met in a way that imitated the Hollywood studio system

Studio system

The studio system was a means of film production and distribution dominant in Hollywood from the early 1920s through the early 1960s. The term studio system refers to the practice of large motion picture studios producing movies primarily on their own filmmaking lots with creative personnel under...

 at its height in the 1940s and 1950s.

Among the most well-known of Warhol's superstars was Edie Sedgwick

Edie Sedgwick

Edith Minturn "Edie" Sedgwick was an American actress, socialite, model and heiress. She is best known for being one of Andy Warhol's superstars. Sedgwick became known as "The Girl of the Year" in 1965 after starring in several of Warhol's short films in the 1960s...

. Sedgwick and Warhol became very close during 1965 but their relationship ended abruptly early in the next year. Warhol would continue to associate himself with people including Viva

Viva (Warhol superstar)

Viva is an American actress, writer and a former Warhol superstar.-Career:She was born Janet Susan Mary Hoffmann in Syracuse, New York. She was given the name Viva by Andy Warhol before the release of her first film but later used her married last name . She appeared in several of Warhol's films...

, Candy Darling

Candy Darling

Candy Darling was an American actress, best known as a Warhol Superstar. A male-to-female transsexual, she starred in Andy Warhol's films Flesh and Women in Revolt , and was a muse of the protopunk band The Velvet Underground.-Early life:Candy Darling was born James Lawrence Slattery in Forest...

, Ultra Violet, Nico

Nico

Nico was a German singer, lyricist, composer, musician, fashion model, and actress, who initially rose to fame as a Warhol Superstar in the 1960s...

 and International Velvet.

Warhol's 'Factory

The Factory

The Factory was Andy Warhol's original New York City studio from 1962 to 1968, although his later studios were known as The Factory as well. The Factory was located on the fifth floor at 231 East 47th Street, in Midtown Manhattan. The rent was "only about one hundred dollars a year"...

’ played host to most of his superstars and as his experiments in film continued he became more interested in the bohemian

Bohemianism

Bohemianism is the practice of an unconventional lifestyle, often in the company of like-minded people, with few permanent ties, involving musical, artistic or literary pursuits...

 eccentrics attracted to the studio. Some of the most important superstars to emerge from the period of the first Factory (known as the 'Silver Factory' because silver foil had been applied to the walls and ceilings) include Paul America

Paul America

Paul Johnson , better known as Paul America, was a member of Andy Warhol's Warhol Superstars group who starred in one Warhol-directed film, My Hustler...

, Ondine

Ondine (actor)

Robert Olivo aka Ondine was an American actor. He is best known for appearing in a series of films in the mid-1960s by Andy Warhol, whom he claimed to have met in 1961 at an orgy....

, Taylor Mead

Taylor Mead

Taylor Mead is an American writer, actor, and performer. Mead appeared in several of Andy Warhol's underground films including Tarzan and Jane Regained.....

, Mary Woronov

Mary Woronov

Mary Woronov is an American actress and writer. She is primarily known for her roles in independent and cult films. Woronov has appeared in over 80 movies, as well as numerous appearances in mainstream television series, such as Charlie's Angels and Knight Rider.-Early life:Woronov was born in the...

, Eric Emerson

Eric Emerson

Eric Emerson was an American musician, dancer, and actor. Emerson is best known for his roles in films by pop artist Andy Warhol, and as a member of the seminal glam punk group, the Magic Tramps.-Career:...

, Gerard Malanga

Gerard Malanga

Gerard Joseph Malanga is an American poet, photographer, filmmaker, curator and archivist.-Early life:Born in the Bronx, New York, Malanga graduated from the School of Industrial Art in Manhattan and attended Wagner College on Staten Island...

, Billy Name

Billy Name

Billy Name, , is an American photographer, filmmaker and lighting designer. He was the archivist of the Warhol Factory, from 1964 to 1970. His brief romance and subsequent friendship with Andy Warhol led to substantial collaboration on Warhol's work, including his films, paintings and sculpture...

 and Brigid Berlin

Brigid Berlin

Brigid Berlin is an American artist and former Warhol superstar.-Early years:Berlin was the eldest of three daughters born to socialite parents, Muriel Johnson "Honey" Berlin and Richard E. Berlin, into a world of Manhattan privilege. Her father was chairman of the Hearst media empire for 32 years...

.

In the later films, made in collaboration with Paul Morrissey

Paul Morrissey

Paul Morrissey is an American film director, best-known for his association with Andy Warhol.Morrissey attended Ampleforth College, a private Roman Catholic boarding school and Fordham University, both Roman Catholic schools, and later served in the United States Army...

, Warhol brought in new superstars including Joe Dallesandro

Joe Dallesandro

Joseph Angelo D'Allesandro , better known as Joe Dallesandro, is an American actor, and Warhol superstar. Although he never became a mainstream film star, Dallesandro is generally considered to be the most famous male sex symbol of American underground films of the 20th century, as well as a sex...

, Penny Arcade

Penny Arcade (performer)

Susana Ventura , better known by her stage name Penny Arcade, is an American performance artist, actress, and playwright based in New York City.-Career:...

, Andrea Feldman

Andrea Feldman

Andrea Feldman was an American actress and Warhol Superstar. She committed suicide in 1972.-Career:Andrea Feldman was a native New Yorker. She attended Quintano's School for Young Professionals, a high school for the performing arts...

, Jane Forth, Geraldine Smith

Geraldine Smith

Maria Geraldine Smith is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament for Morecambe and Lunesdale from 1997 to 2010.-Early life:...

, Luke Wienecke and Sylvia Miles

Sylvia Miles

-Early life and career:Miles was born Sylvia Reuben Lee in New York City, the daughter of Belle and Reuben Lee, a furniture maker....

. During this period Warhol developed an increasing fascination with transsexuals

Transsexualism

Transsexualism is an individual's identification with a gender inconsistent or not culturally associated with their biological sex. Simply put, it defines a person whose biological birth sex conflicts with their psychological gender...

 and drag queen

Drag queen

A drag queen is a man who dresses, and usually acts, like a caricature woman often for the purpose of entertaining. There are many kinds of drag artists and they vary greatly, from professionals who have starred in films to people who just try it once. Drag queens also vary by class and culture and...

s, and promoted Candy Darling

Candy Darling

Candy Darling was an American actress, best known as a Warhol Superstar. A male-to-female transsexual, she starred in Andy Warhol's films Flesh and Women in Revolt , and was a muse of the protopunk band The Velvet Underground.-Early life:Candy Darling was born James Lawrence Slattery in Forest...

, Holly Woodlawn

Holly Woodlawn

Holly Woodlawn is a Puerto Rican-born transgendered actress and former Warhol superstar, who appeared in his movies Trash and Women in Revolt .-Early life:...

 and Jackie Curtis

Jackie Curtis

John Curtis Holder, Jr. , better known as Jackie Curtis, was an actor, writer, singer and Warhol Superstar.-Early life and career:...

 to superstar status.

Warhol significantly reduced his public accessibility after being shot by Valerie Solanas

Valerie Solanas

Valerie Jean Solanas was an American radical feminist writer, best known for her attempted murder of Andy Warhol in 1968. She wrote the SCUM Manifesto, which called for male gendercide and the creation of an all-female society.-Early life:Solanas was born in Ventnor City, New Jersey, to Louis...

 in 1968. The age of the Warhol superstar soon faded.

Films

Chelsea Girls

Chelsea Girls

Chelsea Girls is a 1966 experimental underground film directed by Andy Warhol and Paul Morrissey. The film was Warhol's first major commercial success after a long line of avant-garde art films...

(a film about life amongst the superstars at Hotel Chelsea

Hotel Chelsea

The Hotel Chelsea, also known as the Chelsea Hotel, or simply the Chelsea, is a historic New York City hotel and landmark, known primarily for its history of notable residents...

) was the only film to achieve success beyond the confines of artistic New York

New York

New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...

.

The later Warhol/Morrissey collaborations Flesh

Flesh (film)

Flesh is a 1968 film directed by American filmmaker Paul Morrissey.Flesh is the first film of the "Paul Morrissey Trilogy" produced by Andy Warhol. The other films in the trilogy include Trash and Heat. All three have gained a cult following and are noted examples of the ideals and ideology of the...

, Trash

Trash (film)

Trash is a 1970 American film directed and written by filmmaker Paul Morrissey.The movie stars Joe Dallesandro, transsexual Holly Woodlawn and Jane Forth. Dallesandro had previously starred in several other Andy Warhol/Paul Morrissey films such as The Loves of Ondine, Lonesome Cowboys, and Flesh...

, Heat

Heat (1972 film)

Heat also known as Andy Warhol's Heat, is an American film written and directed by Paul Morrissey, produced by Andy Warhol, and starring Joe Dallesandro, Sylvia Miles, and Andrea Feldman....

and Women in Revolt

Women in Revolt

Women In Revolt is a 1971 satire film produced by Andy Warhol and directed by American filmmaker Paul Morrissey.The stars of the film are Jackie Curtis, Candy Darling and Holly Woodlawn, three transgendered superstars of Andy Warhol's Factory scene. Jackie and Candy had previously appeared in Flesh...

, into which Warhol had little input, are more frequently seen.

List of Warhol superstars

• Paul America
  Paul America
  Paul Johnson , better known as Paul America, was a member of Andy Warhol's Warhol Superstars group who starred in one Warhol-directed film, My Hustler...
  
  
• Pat Ast
• Susan Bottomly
  Susan Bottomly
  Susan Bottomly , also known as International Velvet, is a former American model and actress. She is known for her appearances in several of Andy Warhol's underground films.-Early life and career:...
  
   (later known as International Velvet)
• Brigid Polk
  Brigid Berlin
  Brigid Berlin is an American artist and former Warhol superstar.-Early years:Berlin was the eldest of three daughters born to socialite parents, Muriel Johnson "Honey" Berlin and Richard E. Berlin, into a world of Manhattan privilege. Her father was chairman of the Hearst media empire for 32 years...
  
  
• Jackie Curtis
  Jackie Curtis
  John Curtis Holder, Jr. , better known as Jackie Curtis, was an actor, writer, singer and Warhol Superstar.-Early life and career:...
  
  
• Richard Bernstein (Artist who did the covers of Interview
  Interview (magazine)
  Interview is an American magazine which has the nickname The Crystal Ball Of Pop. It was founded in late 1969 by artist Andy Warhol. The magazine features intimate conversations between some of the world's biggest celebrities, artists, musicians, and creative thinkers...
  
  for 15 years)
• James Cummons
• Joe Dallesandro
  Joe Dallesandro
  Joseph Angelo D'Allesandro , better known as Joe Dallesandro, is an American actor, and Warhol superstar. Although he never became a mainstream film star, Dallesandro is generally considered to be the most famous male sex symbol of American underground films of the 20th century, as well as a sex...
  
  
• Candy Darling
  Candy Darling
  Candy Darling was an American actress, best known as a Warhol Superstar. A male-to-female transsexual, she starred in Andy Warhol's films Flesh and Women in Revolt , and was a muse of the protopunk band The Velvet Underground.-Early life:Candy Darling was born James Lawrence Slattery in Forest...
  
  
• Eric Emerson
  Eric Emerson
  Eric Emerson was an American musician, dancer, and actor. Emerson is best known for his roles in films by pop artist Andy Warhol, and as a member of the seminal glam punk group, the Magic Tramps.-Career:...
  
  
• Andrea Feldman
  Andrea Feldman
  Andrea Feldman was an American actress and Warhol Superstar. She committed suicide in 1972.-Career:Andrea Feldman was a native New Yorker. She attended Quintano's School for Young Professionals, a high school for the performing arts...
  
  
• Cyrinda Foxe
  Cyrinda Foxe
  Cyrinda Foxe was an American actress, model and publicist, best known for her role in Andy Warhol's Bad. She was married to both David Johansen, of the New York Dolls, and Steven Tyler, of the rock band Aerosmith.-Early life and career:Foxe was born Katheleen Victoria Hetzekian in Santa Monica,...
  
  
• Kraig Mc Govern/Kraig Oliver (Artist and half brother of Norman Mailer
  Norman Mailer
  Norman Kingsley Mailer was an American novelist, journalist, essayist, poet, playwright, screenwriter, and film director.Along with Truman Capote, Joan Didion, Hunter S...
  
  )
• Bibbe Hansen
  Bibbe Hansen
  Bibbe Hansen is a performance artist, musician, and former actress best known as the mother of Grammy award winning musician Beck.-Family:...
  
  
• Fred Herko
• Jane Holzer
  Jane Holzer
  Jane Holzer is a US art collector and film producer who was previously an actress, model, and Warhol superstar. She was often known by the nickname Baby Jane Holzer....
  
  
• Naomi Levine
  Naomi Levine
  Naomi Levine was an actress, artist and filmmaker. She was a friend of Jack Smith and pop artist and filmmaker Andy Warhol. In 1964 she directed a film entitled Yes.-Filmography:* Jack Smith, Normal Love...
  
  
• Gerard Malanga
  Gerard Malanga
  Gerard Joseph Malanga is an American poet, photographer, filmmaker, curator and archivist.-Early life:Born in the Bronx, New York, Malanga graduated from the School of Industrial Art in Manhattan and attended Wagner College on Staten Island...
  
  
• Taylor Mead
  Taylor Mead
  Taylor Mead is an American writer, actor, and performer. Mead appeared in several of Andy Warhol's underground films including Tarzan and Jane Regained.....
  
  
• Mario Montez
  Mario Montez
  Mario Montez was one of the Warhol superstars, appearing in thirteen of Andy Warhol's underground films from 1964 to 1966. He took his name as a male homage to the actress Maria Montez, an important gay icon in the fifties and sixties...
  
  
• Jim Morrison
  Jim Morrison
  James Douglas "Jim" Morrison was an American musician, singer, and poet, best known as the lead singer and lyricist of the rock band The Doors...
  
  
• Billy Name
  Billy Name
  Billy Name, , is an American photographer, filmmaker and lighting designer. He was the archivist of the Warhol Factory, from 1964 to 1970. His brief romance and subsequent friendship with Andy Warhol led to substantial collaboration on Warhol's work, including his films, paintings and sculpture...
  
  
• Ivy Nicholson
• Nico
  Nico
  Nico was a German singer, lyricist, composer, musician, fashion model, and actress, who initially rose to fame as a Warhol Superstar in the 1960s...
  
  
• Darius Margalith
• Edie Sedgwick
  Edie Sedgwick
  Edith Minturn "Edie" Sedgwick was an American actress, socialite, model and heiress. She is best known for being one of Andy Warhol's superstars. Sedgwick became known as "The Girl of the Year" in 1965 after starring in several of Warhol's short films in the 1960s...
  
  
• Elecktrah (actress who starred in "Kitchen" & "the Life of Juanita Castro")
• Ondine
  Ondine (actor)
  Robert Olivo aka Ondine was an American actor. He is best known for appearing in a series of films in the mid-1960s by Andy Warhol, whom he claimed to have met in 1961 at an orgy....
  
  
• Jack Smith
  Jack Smith (film director)
  Jack Smith was an American filmmaker, actor, and pioneer of underground cinema...
  
  
• Ingrid Superstar
• Ultra Violet
• Viva
  Viva (Warhol superstar)
  Viva is an American actress, writer and a former Warhol superstar.-Career:She was born Janet Susan Mary Hoffmann in Syracuse, New York. She was given the name Viva by Andy Warhol before the release of her first film but later used her married last name . She appeared in several of Warhol's films...
  
  
• Chuck Wein
  Chuck Wein
  Chuck Wein was an American promoter and manager of entertainment acts whose celebrity stemmed from his five-year association with Andy Warhol and from his discovery of Edie Sedgwick who became Warhol Superstar of 1965.Wein graduated from Pittsburgh's Taylor Allderdice High School in 1957 and...
  
  
• Niki Naranjo
• Adam McDaniel
• Holly Woodlawn
  Holly Woodlawn
  Holly Woodlawn is a Puerto Rican-born transgendered actress and former Warhol superstar, who appeared in his movies Trash and Women in Revolt .-Early life:...
  
  
• Mary Woronov
  Mary Woronov
  Mary Woronov is an American actress and writer. She is primarily known for her roles in independent and cult films. Woronov has appeared in over 80 movies, as well as numerous appearances in mainstream television series, such as Charlie's Angels and Knight Rider.-Early life:Woronov was born in the...
  
  
• Louis Waldon ("Nude Restaurant", "Lonesome Cowboys", "San Diego Surf", "Flesh", "Blue Movie")
• Pat Hartley
• Ceara Parkes

External links

• Warholstars Andy Warhol Films, Art and Superstars