Washington Initiative 872 (2004)
Encyclopedia
Initiative 872 was an Initiative to the People in 2004 that replaced the "Montana Primary
" being used in Washington State with a Top-two primary. The Initiative was challenged in court up to the United States Supreme Court, which upheld the Top-Two primary.
in Washington State was started by an Initiative to the Legislature filed in 1934 and passed in 1935. The political parties in Washington tried numerous times to have an open or closed primary system implemented, and even filed a lawsuit that was decided by the Washington State Supreme Court in 1936. The state was represented in that lawsuit by Warren Magnuson.
The political parties in Washington State filed another lawsuit against it in 2000 when the blanket primary in California was overturned by California Democratic Party v. Jones
, and won the case.
The Washington State Legislature passed a new primary system in 2004, which would have created a new "Top Two" primary system, with an Open primary as a backup, giving the Governor the option to choose. The Secretary of State, Sam Reed
advocated for the Top Two, but on April 1, 2004, the Governor used the line-item veto to activate the Open primary instead.
The political parties in Washington opposed I-872 because they felt it would create an opportunity for someone not directly associated with the party to claim the party name on the ballot.
The measure passed with 1,632,225 yes votes and 1,095,190 no votes in 2004.
On March 18, 2008, the US Supreme Court reversed this decision and upheld 872.
In the 46th Legislative District, Democrats Scott White and Gerry Pollet kept their inter-party struggle going strong all the way to election day.
The results of a study from Gonzaga University comparing the results in Washington state between the 2004 (closed) and 2008 (top two) primaries, indicate that the top two primary overall reduced the likelihood of running against a same party candidate and it reduced the likelihood that a strong incumbent would face a challenger from his or her own party.
Open primary
An open primary is a primary election that does not require voters to be affiliated with a political party in order to vote for partisan candidates. In a traditional open primary, voters may select one party's ballot and vote for that party's nomination. As in a closed primary, the highest voted...
" being used in Washington State with a Top-two primary. The Initiative was challenged in court up to the United States Supreme Court, which upheld the Top-Two primary.
Background
The blanket primaryBlanket primary
The blanket primary is a system used for selecting political party candidates in a primary election in the USA. In a blanket primary, voters may pick one candidate for each office without regard to party lines; for instance, a voter might select a Democratic candidate for governor and a Republican...
in Washington State was started by an Initiative to the Legislature filed in 1934 and passed in 1935. The political parties in Washington tried numerous times to have an open or closed primary system implemented, and even filed a lawsuit that was decided by the Washington State Supreme Court in 1936. The state was represented in that lawsuit by Warren Magnuson.
The political parties in Washington State filed another lawsuit against it in 2000 when the blanket primary in California was overturned by California Democratic Party v. Jones
California Democratic Party v. Jones
California Democratic Party v. Jones, 530 U.S. 567 , was a case in which the United States Supreme Court held that California's blanket primary violates a political party's First Amendment freedom of association.-Prior history:...
, and won the case.
The Washington State Legislature passed a new primary system in 2004, which would have created a new "Top Two" primary system, with an Open primary as a backup, giving the Governor the option to choose. The Secretary of State, Sam Reed
Sam Reed
Sam Reed is the Secretary of State of Washington and a Republican. Reed is Washington's fourteenth Secretary of State.Reed received his bachelor's and master's degrees in political science from Washington State University...
advocated for the Top Two, but on April 1, 2004, the Governor used the line-item veto to activate the Open primary instead.
The 2004 campaign
Initiative 872 was filed on January 8, 2004 by Terry Hunt from the Washington Grange. The language of the ballot measure summary was:This measure proposes a new system for conducting primaries for partisan offices. This proposal continues current practice of permitting voters to vote for any candidate for any office in primary and general elections, without limitation based on party. The two "top" candidates with the most votes in the primary advance to the general election. Candidates continue to designate their party. It becomes effective only if the court decision invalidating the traditional blanket primary becomes final.
The political parties in Washington opposed I-872 because they felt it would create an opportunity for someone not directly associated with the party to claim the party name on the ballot.
The measure passed with 1,632,225 yes votes and 1,095,190 no votes in 2004.
More lawsuits
On July 15, 2005, Washington initiative 872 was declared unconstitutional by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.On March 18, 2008, the US Supreme Court reversed this decision and upheld 872.
Top two primary implementation
The supreme court decision to uphold 872 changed the implementation of the 2008 primary election, which was held on August 19.The 2008 election
In 2008, 2 State Senate races and 5 legislative districts had either two Democrats or two Republicans get through the primary election, appearing together on the General election ballot.In the 46th Legislative District, Democrats Scott White and Gerry Pollet kept their inter-party struggle going strong all the way to election day.
The results of a study from Gonzaga University comparing the results in Washington state between the 2004 (closed) and 2008 (top two) primaries, indicate that the top two primary overall reduced the likelihood of running against a same party candidate and it reduced the likelihood that a strong incumbent would face a challenger from his or her own party.
External links
- Blanket Primary Website from the Washington Grange.
- The NW Progressive Institute opposes the Top-two primary