WeatherStar
Encyclopedia
WeatherStar (meaning Satellite Transponder Addressable Receiver) refers to the technology used by The Weather Channel (TWC) to generate their Local Forecast segments (currently known as Local on the 8s
) on cable TV systems nationwide. The hardware takes the form of a computerized unit installed at a cable television headend
. It receives, generates, and inserts local forecast and other weather information, including weather advisories and warnings, into TWC's national programming.
via data encoded in the vertical blanking interval
of TWC's video, as well as receiving extra data from a subcarrier
transmitted above TWC's video and audio signals on its transponder
on satellite. The Weather Star I was manufactured and developed for TWC by Compuvid, based in Salt Lake City, Utah
. A couple of years before the founding of TWC, Compuvid had already made a similar product which was installed at cable TV systems owned by Landmark Communications
, TWC's corporate parent at the time. This system displayed weather conditions, forecasts, and announcements on viewers' TV screens via a set of locally-installed weather sensors at the cable headend. The Weather Star I was an updated version of this unit, receiving data from both TWC and the National Weather Service.
The Weather Star I lacked graphics and was only capable of displaying white text on various backgrounds: purple for the "Latest Observations" and "Weather Information" (which displayed random data, usually weather-related trivia, past weather events in the area, or info on upcoming programming) pages, grey for the "36 Hour Forecast" page, brown for scrolling weather advisories, and red for scrolling weather warnings. Until the release of the Weather Star III, TWC only used one 1 minute long local forecast sequence featuring each of the three forecast screens mentioned above. As with all future Weather Star models, the Weather Star I could key its text over TWC's national video feed, most often to display the current conditions at the bottom of the screen.
Even though the Weather Star I met the Federal Communications Commission
's Part 15 regulations for emanated RF interference (RFI), it still radiated enough to interfere with broadcast channel 2, resulting in problems at the cable TV's headend where the Weather Star I unit was installed. This problem was temporarily solved by having ferrite chokes
attached to all cables and wires attached to the Weather Star.
The Weather Star I was also notorious for frequent text jamming and text garbling issues.
, released in 1986 as an upgrade to the Weather Star II, was another text-only unit essentially identical to the Weather Stars I and II, though with additional internal improvements and forecast products (and consequently, more local forecast sequences). However, TWC decided to drop the "Weather Information" product soon after the introduction of the STAR III. The Weather Star III was completely retired in December 2004 to comply with 2005 FCC
alert regulations requiring an audible tone to sound at the start of every display of a weather warning. The Weather Star III and previous units were capable of generating an audio alert tone only during the first display of a weather warning. From 1989 to 1992, The Weather Network
/MétéoMedia
in Canada (which are equivalents of TWC) used Weather Star III technology to display local forecasts.
Local on the 8s
The Local on the 8s or Local Forecast is the portion of programming where viewers see current weather conditions and local weather forecasts for their respective area on The Weather Channel in the United States...
) on cable TV systems nationwide. The hardware takes the form of a computerized unit installed at a cable television headend
Cable television headend
A cable television headend is a master facility for receiving television signals for processing and distribution over a cable television system. The headend facility is normally unstaffed and surrounded by some type of security fencing and is typically a building or large shed housing electronic...
. It receives, generates, and inserts local forecast and other weather information, including weather advisories and warnings, into TWC's national programming.
History
Since its introduction at TWC's launch in 1982, several generations of the WeatherStar have been used:Weather Star I
The Weather Star I, the original Weather Star, was released on TWC's launch. It would (like subsequent Weather Star units) receive local weather data from TWC and the National Weather ServiceNational Weather Service
The National Weather Service , once known as the Weather Bureau, is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States government...
via data encoded in the vertical blanking interval
Vertical blanking interval
The vertical blanking interval , also known as the vertical interval or VBLANK, is the time difference between the last line of one frame or field of a raster display, and the beginning of the first line of the next frame. It is present in analog television, VGA, DVI and other signals. During the...
of TWC's video, as well as receiving extra data from a subcarrier
Subcarrier
A subcarrier is a separate analog or digital signal carried on a main radio transmission, which carries extra information such as voice or data. More technically, it is an already-modulated signal, which is then modulated into another signal of higher frequency and bandwidth...
transmitted above TWC's video and audio signals on its transponder
Transponder
In telecommunication, the term transponder has the following meanings:...
on satellite. The Weather Star I was manufactured and developed for TWC by Compuvid, based in Salt Lake City, Utah
Utah
Utah is a state in the Western United States. It was the 45th state to join the Union, on January 4, 1896. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,763,885 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the...
. A couple of years before the founding of TWC, Compuvid had already made a similar product which was installed at cable TV systems owned by Landmark Communications
Landmark Communications
Landmark Media Enterprises LLC is a privately held media company headquartered in Norfolk, Virginia specializing in cable television, broadcast television, print publishing, and internet publishing...
, TWC's corporate parent at the time. This system displayed weather conditions, forecasts, and announcements on viewers' TV screens via a set of locally-installed weather sensors at the cable headend. The Weather Star I was an updated version of this unit, receiving data from both TWC and the National Weather Service.
The Weather Star I lacked graphics and was only capable of displaying white text on various backgrounds: purple for the "Latest Observations" and "Weather Information" (which displayed random data, usually weather-related trivia, past weather events in the area, or info on upcoming programming) pages, grey for the "36 Hour Forecast" page, brown for scrolling weather advisories, and red for scrolling weather warnings. Until the release of the Weather Star III, TWC only used one 1 minute long local forecast sequence featuring each of the three forecast screens mentioned above. As with all future Weather Star models, the Weather Star I could key its text over TWC's national video feed, most often to display the current conditions at the bottom of the screen.
Even though the Weather Star I met the Federal Communications Commission
Federal Communications Commission
The Federal Communications Commission is an independent agency of the United States government, created, Congressional statute , and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current President. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the...
's Part 15 regulations for emanated RF interference (RFI), it still radiated enough to interfere with broadcast channel 2, resulting in problems at the cable TV's headend where the Weather Star I unit was installed. This problem was temporarily solved by having ferrite chokes
Ferrite bead
A ferrite bead is a passive electric component used to suppress high frequency noise in electronic circuits. It is a specific type of electronic choke. Ferrite beads employ the mechanism of high dissipation of high frequency currents in a ferrite to build high frequency noise suppression devices...
attached to all cables and wires attached to the Weather Star.
The Weather Star I was also notorious for frequent text jamming and text garbling issues.
Weather Star II
The Weather Star II, released in 1984, had improved RF shielding and an improved overall hardware design. Otherwise, it was similar in features to the Weather Star I.Weather Star III
The Weather Star IIIWeather Star III
The Weather Star III is one in a series of systems from The Weather Channel that use data from satellite systems and organize it for broadcasting. Introduced in 1986, it was a major hardware upgrade over the Weather Star II...
, released in 1986 as an upgrade to the Weather Star II, was another text-only unit essentially identical to the Weather Stars I and II, though with additional internal improvements and forecast products (and consequently, more local forecast sequences). However, TWC decided to drop the "Weather Information" product soon after the introduction of the STAR III. The Weather Star III was completely retired in December 2004 to comply with 2005 FCC
Federal Communications Commission
The Federal Communications Commission is an independent agency of the United States government, created, Congressional statute , and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current President. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the...
alert regulations requiring an audible tone to sound at the start of every display of a weather warning. The Weather Star III and previous units were capable of generating an audio alert tone only during the first display of a weather warning. From 1989 to 1992, The Weather Network
The Weather Network
The Weather Network is a Canadian English language Category A specialty channel that broadcasts weather-related news and information 24 hours a day....
/MétéoMedia
MétéoMédia
MétéoMédia is a 24-hour Canadian French language Category A specialty channel and web site, which provides weather information 24 hours a day. It primarily serves viewers in Quebec, although some cable TV systems in Ontario and New Brunswick carry the channel as well. It is available nation-wide...
in Canada (which are equivalents of TWC) used Weather Star III technology to display local forecasts.
Current systems
- The Weather Star 4000Weather STAR 4000The Weather Star 4000 is the first graphic-capable model of the WeatherStar line manufactured for The Weather Channel. It was first introduced in December 1989 and was designed by Canadian electronics company Amirix . The WeatherStar 4000 was manufactured by Northern Telecom...
was the first WeatherStar model capable of displaying graphics. First conceived in 1988, it was designed and manufactured by the Canadian electronics company Amirix (then the Applied Microelectronics Institute). The Weather Star 4000 is still, as of 2009, in use in some smaller communities. The first Star 4000s were programmed to operate in a text-only mode, similar to the STAR III, but with two improvements: an improved font was introduced, as was a graphical current radar page at the end of the Local Forecast, showing precipitation in the viewer's local geographic area. Within a brief period of time, the Weather Star 4000 began to produce graphically-based Local Forecasts. A customized version of the Weather Star 4000 was used by The Weather Network until 1997, when they switched to a technically different system that produces local forecasts, known as PMXPMX (technology)PMX refers to the technology developed by Pelmorex to generate local weather information on The Weather Network. PMX consists of computers, typically installed at a cable headend, that takes data fed to it and packages it for broadcast...
. - The Weather Star Jr. is a budget model manufactured by Wegener Communications for cable TV headends in smaller communities which was released in 1993. It features the products of the Star III with the typeface of the 4000. When the change in FCC regulations forced the retirement of the Star III, cable TV headends using that unit upgraded to the Weather Star Jr. or more advanced units. Since it is capable of producing an alert tone at the start of every weather warning with the assistance of the Weather Star Jr Audio Weather Alert Generator., it is still in use today by smaller cable TV providers, such as Champion BroadbandChampion BroadbandChampion Broadband is a cable, Internet, and telephone provider in the United States. It operates in the Denver and Los Angeles markets. It also owns smaller systems in rural markets....
. - The Weather Star XLWeather STAR XLWeather Star XL is the fifth system designed for The Weather Channel's local forecast. At its rollout in 1998, it came months after a major update to the channel's presentation. The Star XL was a major leap over the much older Weather Star 4000 system, featuring advanced capabilities such as...
is an IRIXIRIXIRIX is a computer operating system developed by Silicon Graphics, Inc. to run natively on their 32- and 64-bit MIPS architecture workstations and servers. It was based on UNIX System V with BSD extensions. IRIX was the first operating system to include the XFS file system.The last major version...
-based computer manufactured by SGISilicon GraphicsSilicon Graphics, Inc. was a manufacturer of high-performance computing solutions, including computer hardware and software, founded in 1981 by Jim Clark...
and introduced at the end of 1998. The Star XL was a major leap over the 4000 with advanced technical capabilities such as modernized graphics (with Akzidenz-Grotesk as the main typeface), narrated current conditions and extended forecast products, and new weather icons that would last the channel for the next eight years from its launch. Its current on-screen appearance closely resembles the WeatherStar's successor, the IntelliStarIntelliStarIntelliStar is the fifth generation successor to the WeatherStar systems used by the American cable TV and satellite TV channel The Weather Channel , for inserting local forecasts and current weather information into TWC's programming...
. The Star XL was also the first platform of WeatherStar to be adapted and modified by The Weather Channel for their WeatherscanWeatherscanWeatherscan is a TV channel offered by The Weather Channel. Carried on select cable systems in the United States, Weatherscan features uninterrupted local weather information in graphical format on a continuous loop...
service, a 24-hour local weather channel carried on some select cable TV systems nationwide; three years later, the Weatherscan XL units would be phased out and switched to IntelliStar technology as the first trial of the system. However, the Star XL has a high manufacturing cost (US $6,500) and weighs 55 pounds. - The IntelliStarIntelliStarIntelliStar is the fifth generation successor to the WeatherStar systems used by the American cable TV and satellite TV channel The Weather Channel , for inserting local forecasts and current weather information into TWC's programming...
was rolled out on Weatherscan in February 2003; the "domestic" (used on TWC) version was then introduced into top media markets, including Dallas, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh, in early to mid 2004. Initially, its graphics were essentially the same as those seen on the WeatherStar XL (though using InterstateInterstate (typeface)Interstate is a digital typeface designed by Tobias Frere-Jones in the period 1993–1999, and licensed by Font Bureau. The typeface is closely related to the FHWA Series fonts, a signage alphabet drawn for the United States Federal Highway Administration in 1949....
as the typeface), until December 2006, when the IntelliStar received its own, even more realistic icon set. The amount of information provided is dramatically increased: schoolday/weekday forecasts are provided, more local maps are used, UV and other health information is shown, and traffic information for certain markets, provided by Traffic Pulse, are also shown. - The IntelliStar 2 HD ALPHAIntelliStar 2The IntelliStar 2 is the high-definition successor to the IntelliStar system used by the American cable and satellite television network The Weather Channel, used for inserting local weather information into the channel's programming, namely in a portion known as "Local on the 8s." Like previous...
was introduced to a New York cable headend carrying The Weather Channel HD in late 2008. With the ALPHA, there is no narration, lower display line bar, or icon animation. . The ALPHA was the first system to feature a high-definition 1080i1080i1080i is the shorthand name for a high-definition television mode. The i means interlaced video; 1080i differs from 1080p, in which the p stands for progressive scan. The term 1080i assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, implying a frame size of 1920×1080 pixels...
16:9 output. - The IntelliStar 2 was officially released in July 2010. Many of the existing issues, which were present with the ALPHA, were corrected. The IntelliStar 2 features, Animated Lower line display, Current Conditions, Weather Bulletins, Metro Conditions, Regional Doppler, Metro Doppler, Hourly Forecast, Local Forecast, and The Week Ahead. Voice narration is done by Jim Cantore. Currently, the system is rolling out in a gradual process on major cable systems across the country. This unit will only be used on The Weather Channel HD and will not replace the IntelliStar or other units on the standard definition channel or on Weatherscan.
WeatherStar content
Many of the segments displayed by all WeatherStars have gone through several changes throughout the history of The Weather Channel:- With the release of the Weather Star IIIWeather Star IIIThe Weather Star III is one in a series of systems from The Weather Channel that use data from satellite systems and organize it for broadcasting. Introduced in 1986, it was a major hardware upgrade over the Weather Star II...
in 1986, many new forecast products (including the "Regional Forecast", "Travel Cities Forecast", and (in Southern CaliforniaSouthern CaliforniaSouthern California is a megaregion, or megapolitan area, in the southern area of the U.S. state of California. Large urban areas include Greater Los Angeles and Greater San Diego. The urban area stretches along the coast from Ventura through the Southland and Inland Empire to San Diego...
) the "Air Quality Forecast", among others) were added. In addition, the random "Weather Information" page was discontinued.
- The narration of TWC staff announcer Dan Chandler was added to the local forecast music tracks (which were sent nationally) starting in 1987. Previously, only music was played during the forecasts.
- The Weather Star 4000 received major updates in 1990 and 1991. Previously creating local forecasts similar to those on the older Weather Star III, new graphic styling, mixed case, and many new segments were added to the 4000, further distancing it from the legacy machines.
- The Star 4000 received the Current Radar slide in 1990, using radar data and an IATA radar map to display the local radar for an area.
- In September 1992, the narration of TWC staff announcer Dan Chandler was re-recorded for a final time for the WeatherStar 4000, III, and Jr., The "36 Hour Forecast" segment is now narrated to have come from the National Weather ServiceNational Weather ServiceThe National Weather Service , once known as the Weather Bureau, is one of the six scientific agencies that make up the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States government...
.
- A graphic of the NOAANational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , pronounced , like "noah", is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere...
emblem was added on-screen during the "36 Hour Forecast" segment generated by the WeatherStar 4000 from 1992 to 2002. The "Local Radar", which displays the precipitation in the area and its movement over the course of the last 90 minutes, was added to the 4000 in November 1992. Additionally, the "Travel Cities Forecast" background was changed to a blue and grayish blue gradient, the text was replaced with the regional weather icons, and the name was changed to "Travel Forecast for ________".
- In early November 1993, the date and time were nudged further downward to make more room for the local forecast screen segment titles.
- In Spring 1994, the regional icons were updated so that the multi-layered icons are smaller in size. the upper layer cloud moved almost directly on top of its underlying weather graphic.
- On August 4, 1994, the Travel Cities Forecast's background was changed again, this time to solid dark blue. The color key on the radar screens now has 8 colors instead of 6.
- In April 1995, the Local Update from the National Weather Service was added. Local Updates, rebranded versions of NWS Short-Term Forecasts, were displayed when conditions changed rapidly.
- In 1995, Dan Chandler's narration was discontinued, leaving the WeatherStar local forecasts with just music being played (as was the case before 1987) until 2000, with the introduction of the "Vocal Local" feature to the Weather Star XL.
- In 2002, the "36 Hour Forecast" segment began to come directly from the Weather Channel - mixed case letters were also introduced to the local forecasts. The Weather Channel logo was modernized on the 4000. The Local Update segment on the 4000, another National Weather Service-provided item, was also discontinued at the same time.
- In addition to the introduction of the Weather Star XL, narration voiced by TWC staff announcer Allen Jackson was added during the local forecast since March 2000. The "Current Conditions" and "Extended Forecast" segments are now automatically narrated to the viewer using Jackson's voice, a feature called "Vocal Local" (as mentioned above) that has been present starting with the Weather Star XL and continuing with the later IntellistarIntelliStarIntelliStar is the fifth generation successor to the WeatherStar systems used by the American cable TV and satellite TV channel The Weather Channel , for inserting local forecasts and current weather information into TWC's programming...
systems. In September 2001, weather.com was added underneath The Weather Channel logo, the cloud background was changed to a lighter blue cloud scheme (carried over to the later IntelliStarIntelliStarIntelliStar is the fifth generation successor to the WeatherStar systems used by the American cable TV and satellite TV channel The Weather Channel , for inserting local forecasts and current weather information into TWC's programming...
), and the local forecast title bars were redesigned repositioning the date and time. Later in April 2002, "Daypart Forecast" and "The Week Ahead" segments have been added to the XL. "Weather Bulletins" is also added and only appears if the National Weather Service issues a weather statement. In January 2003, a "24 Hour Local Forecast" segment was added.
- The 75-100 mile "Metro Area Forecast" map made its debut in late July 2002, replacing the "Regional Forecast" in the top 50 markets.
- As of August 15, 2005, the WeatherStar XL got its second major facelift, while the IntelliStar received minor changes. On both systems, the cloud background was changed to a bright sunny background and The Weather Channel logo was updated. On the WeatherStar XL, the local forecast title bars were redesigned and new slide transitions were introduced. In addition, the IntelliStars in the top 50 US markets received an air quality product from the Environmental Protection Agency, which previously was only available on WeatherStar units in Southern California. Initially, all IntelliStars (and other WeatherStars in Southern California) with the air quality product showed the air quality forecast for three areas. This was later changed on IntelliStars outside Southern California to show the air quality forecast for one location.
- As of December 12, 2006, weather icons on the IntelliStar were replaced with more realistic icons. This change also applies to IntelliStars on DirecTVDirecTVDirecTV is an American direct broadcast satellite service provider and broadcaster based in El Segundo, California. Its satellite service, launched on June 17, 1994, transmits digital satellite television and audio to households in the United States, Latin America, and the Anglophone Caribbean. ...
, Dish NetworkDish NetworkDish Network Corporation is the second largest pay TV provider in the United States, providing direct broadcast satellite service—including satellite television, audio programming, and interactive television services—to 14.337 million commercial and residential customers in the United States. Dish...
, and WeatherscanWeatherscanWeatherscan is a TV channel offered by The Weather Channel. Carried on select cable systems in the United States, Weatherscan features uninterrupted local weather information in graphical format on a continuous loop...
, as well as weather.com. In some cases rare cases, not every IntelliStar or Weatherscan system may get this kind of update. http://www.twcclassics.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=5926
- On October 23, 2007, the IntelliStar got its first major facelift in graphics (not counting the minor changes in 2005). The new background is a light blue sky background with a bright sun in the upper right corner. The on-screen text (except on the title bars) is changed from white to a dark blue color to have better contrast with the new background. The title bars are also redesigned, and new weather animations with sound effects are introduced on the right of the screen during the 36-Hour Forecast.
- As of February 7, 2008, the blue text introduced in the IntelliStar's previous update is changed to black for greater readability.
- As of March 20, 2008, the IntelliStar no longer features the 3-day Extended Forecast.
- As of September 5, 2008, a new HD STAR system began beta testing. New York City has been confirmed.
- As of March 11, 2010, weather icons that was featured or based on weather.com website and in the Multimedia Video section are debuted to the IntelliStar. WeatherStar XL's LDL is no longer cued in during the live-national programming.
- As of July 15, 2010, IntelliStar 2 beta testing began on Comcast systems in Nashville and Murfreesboro, TN. Later as of August 2010, Storm-Tracker Jim CantoreJim CantoreJames D. Cantore is an American meteorologist. He is best known as an on-air personality for The Weather Channel.- Career :...
provided the voice-over on the HD Version instead of Allen Jackson (in which he still uses the narration on the SD Version)