The Western Grain Transportation Act was Canadian legislation under which a transport subsidy, informally called the Crow benefit or Crow subsidy, was provided by the Canadian federal government to assist the rail transportation of specified grains and grain products to specified destinations within Canada for export. Since the producer paid only a portion of the freight rate, the WGTA had the effect of increasing the prices received by grain producers and paid by livestock producers on the prairies. The subsidy encouraged the movement of grain east and west to export shipping terminals.

The Act was abolished as part of budget balancing initiatives undertaken in 1995. Subsequently, grain began moving south for transshipment through the United States.