William Beveridge
Overview
William Henry Beveridge, 1st Baron Beveridge KCB
Order of the Bath
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. The name derives from the elaborate mediæval ceremony for creating a knight, which involved bathing as one of its elements. The knights so created were known as Knights of the Bath...

 (5 March 1879 – 16 March 1963) was a British economist
Economist
An economist is a professional in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy...

 and social reformer. He is best known for his 1942 report Social Insurance and Allied Services (known as the Beveridge Report
Beveridge Report
The Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services, known commonly as the Beveridge Report was an influential document in the founding of the Welfare State in the United Kingdom...

) which served as the basis for the post-World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

 welfare state
Welfare state
A welfare state is a "concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those...

 put in place by the Labour government elected in 1945.

Lord Beveridge, considered an authority on unemployment insurance from early in his career, served under Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, was a predominantly Conservative British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice...

 on the Board of Trade as Director of the newly created labour exchanges and later as Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Food.
Quotations

The trouble in modern democracy is that men do not approach to leadership 'til they have lost the desire to lead anyone.

As quoted in "Sayings of the Week" in The Observer [London] (15 April 1934)

Scratch a pessimist and you find often a defender of privilege.

As quoted in "Sayings of the Week" in The Observer [London] (17 December 1943)

Ignorance is an evil weed, which dictators may cultivate among their dupes, but which no democracy can afford among its citizens.

Full Employment in a Free Society (1944) Pt. 7

The state is or can be master of money, but in a free society it is master of very little else.

Voluntary Action (1948) Ch. 12 :Social Insurance and Allied Services (The "Beveridge Report") (2 December 1942)

Any proposals for the future, while they should use to the full the experience gathered in the past, should not be restricted by consideration of sectional interests established in the obtaining of that experience. Now, when the war is abolishing landmarks of every kind, is the opportunity for using experience in a clear field. A revolutionary moment in the world’s history is a time for revolutions, not for patching.

Pt. 1, 7

Organisation of social insurance should be treated as one part only of a comprehensive policy of social progress. Social insurance fully developed may provide income security; it is an attack upon Want. But Want is one only of five giants on the road of reconstruction and in some ways the easiest to attack. The others are Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness.

Pt. 1, 8

Social security must be achieved by co-operation between the State and the individual. The State should offer security for service and contribution. The State in organising security should not stifle incentive, opportunity, responsibility ; in establishing a national minimum, it should leave room and encouragement for voluntary action by each individual to provide more than that minimum for himself and his family.

Pt. 1, 9

The object of government in peace and in war is not the glory of rulers or of races, but the happiness of the common man.

Pt. 7

 
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