William Herbert Rollins
Encyclopedia
William Herbert Rollins is a forgotten American scientist and dentist. He was a pioneer in radiation protection. Many of his inventions and investigations have been ranked in importance with those of Thomas A. Edison, Elihu Thomson
, and William J. Morton. (Medical Radiography and Photography)
Rollins, although a practicing dentist, also had a medical degree from Harvard Medical School
. He spent a great deal of his spare time, after the day's work, studying the recently discovered x-rays. Rollins had an intuitive respect for these powerful penetrating rays. He referred to them as X-light.
As early as 1902 Rollins wrote almost despairingly, that his warnings about the dangers involved in careless use of x-rays was not being heeded, either by industry or by his colleagues. By this time Rollins had proved that x-rays could kill experimental animals, could cause a pregnant guinea pig to abort, and that they could kill a fetus. He also stressed that "animals vary in susceptibility to the external action of X-light" and warned that these differences be considered when patients were treated by means of x-rays.
William studied dentistry as an apprentice to Dr. Kidder of Lawrence, for three years. He then entered Harvard University School of Dentistry, graduating with the degree of D.M.D. in 1873, at the age of 21 years. A member of the faculty referred to Rollins as "one of the brightest men who has ever been graduated from the Dental School at Harvard."
It was in his workshop where Rollins developed a number of pioneering instruments for dentistry an improved on others already in existence. He invented a rheostat with hundreds of steps for the purpose of causing anesthesia by electricity, and made mention of a rheostat that he invented which was continuously variable, depending on the effect of light on the electrical conductivity of selenium.
William Rollins published no dental articles after 1903. However, the Index of Periodical Literature contains 79 references to his articles dating from 1874. These articles were published in 5 British and 24 American dental magazines, Of the latter, only one; Dental Digest, is still in existence.
Rollins decided not to patent any of his inventions and therefore was not spurred by ideas of monetary gain from his work. What Rollins did desire deeply, but did not receive, was a proper recognition of his work. It could have been, that his disregard for patents and his extreme humility resulted in a form of professional ostracism.
Although he published about three hundred papers on various medical and dental subjects, he never appeared at meetings and never personally presented a single paper to an audience.
Furthering his extreme humility, Rollins would often not even sign his work, and would simply leave a simple drawing of two birds over a mountain.
Rollins was described by an historian of the American Academy of the History of Dentistry, Dr. A. Porter S. Sweet, as:
"Undoubtedly the greatest genius the dental professtion has ever known...He gave more to the dental, medical radiologic scientific world than any other practitioner of our profession. Yet no dentist has received so little recognition for his contributions."
John Trowbridge, Professor of Physics at Harvard University, wrote, "No one appears to have had the experience of Dr. Rollins in exhausting X-ray tubes to the point of greatest efficiency."
William Rollins was born in Charleston, Massachusetts, on June 19, 1852. He lived in Lawrence, Massachusetts
for the greater part of his youth. He died in 1929.
Elihu Thomson
Elihu Thomson was an American engineer and inventor who was instrumental in the founding of major electrical companies in the United States, the United Kingdom and France.-Early life:...
, and William J. Morton. (Medical Radiography and Photography)
Rollins, although a practicing dentist, also had a medical degree from Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School is the graduate medical school of Harvard University. It is located in the Longwood Medical Area of the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts....
. He spent a great deal of his spare time, after the day's work, studying the recently discovered x-rays. Rollins had an intuitive respect for these powerful penetrating rays. He referred to them as X-light.
As early as 1902 Rollins wrote almost despairingly, that his warnings about the dangers involved in careless use of x-rays was not being heeded, either by industry or by his colleagues. By this time Rollins had proved that x-rays could kill experimental animals, could cause a pregnant guinea pig to abort, and that they could kill a fetus. He also stressed that "animals vary in susceptibility to the external action of X-light" and warned that these differences be considered when patients were treated by means of x-rays.
William studied dentistry as an apprentice to Dr. Kidder of Lawrence, for three years. He then entered Harvard University School of Dentistry, graduating with the degree of D.M.D. in 1873, at the age of 21 years. A member of the faculty referred to Rollins as "one of the brightest men who has ever been graduated from the Dental School at Harvard."
It was in his workshop where Rollins developed a number of pioneering instruments for dentistry an improved on others already in existence. He invented a rheostat with hundreds of steps for the purpose of causing anesthesia by electricity, and made mention of a rheostat that he invented which was continuously variable, depending on the effect of light on the electrical conductivity of selenium.
William Rollins published no dental articles after 1903. However, the Index of Periodical Literature contains 79 references to his articles dating from 1874. These articles were published in 5 British and 24 American dental magazines, Of the latter, only one; Dental Digest, is still in existence.
Rollins decided not to patent any of his inventions and therefore was not spurred by ideas of monetary gain from his work. What Rollins did desire deeply, but did not receive, was a proper recognition of his work. It could have been, that his disregard for patents and his extreme humility resulted in a form of professional ostracism.
Although he published about three hundred papers on various medical and dental subjects, he never appeared at meetings and never personally presented a single paper to an audience.
Furthering his extreme humility, Rollins would often not even sign his work, and would simply leave a simple drawing of two birds over a mountain.
Rollins was described by an historian of the American Academy of the History of Dentistry, Dr. A. Porter S. Sweet, as:
"Undoubtedly the greatest genius the dental professtion has ever known...He gave more to the dental, medical radiologic scientific world than any other practitioner of our profession. Yet no dentist has received so little recognition for his contributions."
John Trowbridge, Professor of Physics at Harvard University, wrote, "No one appears to have had the experience of Dr. Rollins in exhausting X-ray tubes to the point of greatest efficiency."
William Rollins was born in Charleston, Massachusetts, on June 19, 1852. He lived in Lawrence, Massachusetts
Lawrence, Massachusetts
Lawrence is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States on the Merrimack River. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a total population of 76,377. Surrounding communities include Methuen to the north, Andover to the southwest, and North Andover to the southeast. It and Salem are...
for the greater part of his youth. He died in 1929.