Wright Robinson College
Encyclopedia
Wright Robinson College is a mixed 11–16 day school located in Abbey Hey, Gorton
, Manchester
, UK.
Wright Robinson College caters to students of all socio-economic and religious backgrounds and is currently a specialist college
of "Sport and The Arts".
Specialising in sport and the arts, Wright Robinson College is a member of the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust
. The school is located on the edge of east Manchester, in the grounds of Debdale Park
. Wright Robinson holds the Sportsmark
Gold award with distinction, Artsmark Gold award also with distinction, the coveted FA Charter Mark, and the Healthy School award. Wright Robinson College is currently the single largest and most over-subscribed school in the city of Manchester, with around 1,800 pupils currently on roll.
The Headmaster of the college is Neville Beischer BEd
(Hons), and the Chair of Governors is currently Mr Colin Jacob Brierly MBE
. The college, in terms of Value Added scores, is the highest achieving Comprehensive
secondary school
in England
and Wales
. This means that from a relatively low achieving background, children leave Wright Robinson with above average results. Results from Wright Robinson are higher than those of any school of its kind in the country, beaten in Manchester only by the King David School
.
The annual presentational ceremony for GCSE results is held around December at the famous Bridgewater Hall
, home of the Hallé
Orchestra. In December 2008, the guest host and speaker was radio DJ Justin Moorhouse.
and played a role in the weightlifting
events of the games.
The school, in late 2006, suffered a lightning strike to the main boiler which caused a large fire in the A block of the building. Because of this, the school was closed for three days, and resulted in permanent damage to the roof of the old building.
Students in the lower school study the following subjects:
In the Upper School, students take their 'options' and have a choice of all mainstream subjects. Any one student can opt for a maximum of 5 additional subjects.
As a result of the schools specialism, Sport, throughout the 5 years that pupils spend at Wright Robinson, it is compulsory. Up to 5 hours of sport per academic week are integrated into the timetable alongside other studies.
All students at Wright Robinson leave with a minimum of 2 GCSE Grades A*-C in Sport.
scheme and is the most expensive school or college ever built in Europe
. At a total of £53m the school and grounds are home to some of the finest sporting and educational facilities in the world with some of the sporting facilities including; a 25 m swimming pool, three 3rd generation rubber crum pitches, a double sports hall, a single sports hall, fitness suite, dance studio, free weights room and numerous tennis and football pitches.
Not only does the school take pride in its sporting facilities but also in its 'outstanding' (Ofsted
2007) educational facilities. The school boasts a total number of 8 'ICT laboratories' with an additional learning centre named the 'discovery zone', all with state-of-the-art computer facilities. The school also is equipped with a 300+ seat auditorium, an exhibition area, an audio visual suite, Apple Mac suites for the use of media studies classes, electronic registration and monitoring system, a drama studio(s), music recital rooms, outdoor eating facilities (referred to as 'pods'), 4 separate student break areas (quads) and excellent science experimentation facilities.
If a student receives a C4 warning and has not taken notice of previous warnings, then he/she will be placed in "Isolation" for 1 day. A student in isolation is placed in a cubicle inside a room with around 15 other students. The cubicle is enclosed on 3 sides and communication of any kind is not permitted.
A student must complete 4 pages of lines (the college's rules, rights and responsibilities policy) and then sit in silence. This is said to "give a child time to reflect on their actions in a calm and peaceful environment".
Late in 2007, the school was hailed by the Manchester City Council
and the Government of the United Kingdom as being 'the single most improved School or College in the United Kingdom
'. The College, over the past 5–10 years, has seen a rise of over 60% in the number of students who gain at least 5 A*-C grades at GCSE.
The Times
newspaper, in 2007, named the school 'The best school for sport in the United Kingdom'. This was based on a national record that WRC holds for the most number of Junior sporting titles held by a UK High School. Various sports teams at the school at the time had achieved 43 national sporting titles, 56 regional titles and 63 county/Manchester Schools titles.
In conjunction with the Manchester Institute of Sport and Physical Activity (MISPA) at the Manchester Metropolitan University
and the Youth Sports Trust, Wright Robinson has taken part in a 10-year research project. The project was designed to support the school's strategic aim of raising academic standards and increasing whole school participation in Physical Education and Sport. In 10 years over 10,000 children and 1,000,000 hours of PE have been assessed. The evidence shows that participation in physical activity enables young people to significantly improve their physical competence, confidence, and self-esteem. More active pupils were also found to generally achieve higher academic attainment with 62% of physically active pupils achieving 5 or more A*-C GCSE grades including mathematics and English compared to 38% of the least active pupils.
The research project won a Times Educational Supplement Award for 'Outstanding Sporting Initiative' at the 2009 inaugural TES School awards for excellence and teamwork in education. The judges noted, 'The good partnership between the school and the university. The university acts as an excellent prefect. The research has provided long-term, serious evidence.' They also praised the involvement of disaffected pupils.
The College Themed Weeks are all in aid of local charities that are supported by Wright Robinson College, such as Francis House and the Cystic Fibrosis Trust
.
in the city of Manchester
which reflects the size of the College. Some of the feeder schools are:
As well as feeder primary schools, the school is also a feeder school for a number of colleges in the area, such as:
2007). 'Students in the College are very well educated about religious festivals and events that in one way or another will effect them later in life.' (Ofsted
2007).
and Head Girl elected each year.
The prefect
s, Head Boy and Head Girl are voted for by the staff of the school, including the Head Teacher and senior staff. When elected, the students hold the title for one academic year. The Heads of School, when elected, then take an active role in representing the school at events and also taking part in the administration of the school through the year that they hold the title. The heads of School and prefects are distinguished by the colour of their school ties. Students have been known to wear black ties with the school arms or more recently, bright red ties with the school arms.
As well as student prefects, there are also 'young leaders' in the lower years who have shown a keen interest and ability in sport. The 'young leaders' in the school have access to lots of opportunities, such as free sports coaching courses, attendance of sporting events, seminars and lectures, awards and recognition throughout the college.
, and to this day the schools have a strong sense of competition between each other. In terms of sport and sporting clubs, the school also has a long-running rivalry with Our Lady's RC High School in the Blackley
area of Manchester.
and Prime minister
of the United Kingdom
, Mr Gordon Brown
. The Prime Minister was accompanied by his wife Sarah Macaulay whilst in the city of Manchester for the Annual Labour Party Conference at the Manchester Central (Conference Centre). The centre, then known as G-Mex, was also the venue for gymnastics
, weightlifting
, judo
and wrestling
during the 2002 Commonwealth Games
.
Gorton
Gorton is an area of the city of Manchester, in North West England. It is located to the southeast of Manchester city centre. Neighbouring areas include Longsight and Levenshulme....
, Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
, UK.
Wright Robinson College caters to students of all socio-economic and religious backgrounds and is currently a specialist college
Specialist school
The specialist schools programme was a UK government initiative which encouraged secondary schools in England to specialise in certain areas of the curriculum to boost achievement. The Specialist Schools and Academies Trust was responsible for the delivery of the programme...
of "Sport and The Arts".
Specialising in sport and the arts, Wright Robinson College is a member of the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust
Specialist Schools and Academies Trust
The Specialist Schools and Academies Trust is an independent, not-for-profit, membership organisation with headquarters in the United Kingdom, dedicated to raising standards and achievement in secondary schools in England and internationally...
. The school is located on the edge of east Manchester, in the grounds of Debdale Park
Debdale Park
Debdale Park is an inner city park, located in the Gorton area of Manchester, England. At around , it is one of the largest inner city parks in the City of Manchester....
. Wright Robinson holds the Sportsmark
Sportsmark
Sportsmark is Sport England's accreditation scheme for secondary schools. The scheme recognises a school's out of hours sports provision.Sportsmark awards are given to secondary schools for provision for sport and physical education. They are currently being reviewed along with Activemark awards...
Gold award with distinction, Artsmark Gold award also with distinction, the coveted FA Charter Mark, and the Healthy School award. Wright Robinson College is currently the single largest and most over-subscribed school in the city of Manchester, with around 1,800 pupils currently on roll.
The Headmaster of the college is Neville Beischer BEd
Bed
A bed is a large piece of furniture used as a place to sleep, relax, or engage in sexual relations.Most modern beds consist of a mattress on a bed frame, with the mattress resting either on a solid base, often wooden slats, or a sprung base...
(Hons), and the Chair of Governors is currently Mr Colin Jacob Brierly MBE
MBE
MBE can stand for:* Mail Boxes Etc.* Management by exception* Master of Bioethics* Master of Bioscience Enterprise* Master of Business Engineering* Master of Business Economics* Mean Biased Error...
. The college, in terms of Value Added scores, is the highest achieving Comprehensive
Comprehensive school
A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of a selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to the United...
secondary school
Secondary school
Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...
in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
and Wales
Wales
Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...
. This means that from a relatively low achieving background, children leave Wright Robinson with above average results. Results from Wright Robinson are higher than those of any school of its kind in the country, beaten in Manchester only by the King David School
King David School, Manchester
The King David School located in Manchester, United Kingdom is a mixed, voluntary aided Jewish Orthodox school with a great demand for places. The school has been awarded Specialist Maths and Computing College status. In 2007, over 850 pupils attended the school...
.
The annual presentational ceremony for GCSE results is held around December at the famous Bridgewater Hall
Bridgewater Hall
The Bridgewater Hall is an international concert venue in Manchester city centre, England. It cost around £42 million to build and currently hosts over 250 performances a year....
, home of the Hallé
The Hallé
The Hallé is a symphony orchestra based in Manchester, England. It is the UK's oldest extant symphony orchestra , supports a choir, youth choir and a youth orchestra, and releases its recordings on its own record label, though it has occasionally released recordings on Angel Records and EMI...
Orchestra. In December 2008, the guest host and speaker was radio DJ Justin Moorhouse.
History
Over the years, Wright Robinson College has been at the centre of Manchester sport. The school was, at the time, in association with the 2002 Commonwealth Games2002 Commonwealth Games
The 2002 Commonwealth Games were held in Manchester, England from 25 July to 4 August 2002. The XVII Commonwealth Games was the largest multi-sport event ever to be held in the UK, eclipsing London's 1948 Summer Olympics in numbers of teams and athletes participating.After the 1996 Manchester...
and played a role in the weightlifting
Powerlifting
Powerlifting is a strength sport. It resembles the sport of Olympic weightlifting, as both disciplines involve lifting weights in three attempts. Powerlifting evolved from a sport known as 'odd lifts' which followed the same three attempt format but used a wide variety of events akin to Strongman...
events of the games.
The school, in late 2006, suffered a lightning strike to the main boiler which caused a large fire in the A block of the building. Because of this, the school was closed for three days, and resulted in permanent damage to the roof of the old building.
Curriculum
Unlike most other schools in the Manchester area, Wright Robinson pupils are allowed to take GCSE exams 1 year early. This allows for gifted and talented students to progress onto A-Level studies one year early. It also allows for students who do not achieve well in the 'early entry' exams, to 're-sit' in the next year.Students in the lower school study the following subjects:
- Mathematics
- English Language
- Combined Science
- Physical Education
- Religious Education
- Modern History
- Geographical Studies
- Art & Design
- Textiles
- Drama
In the Upper School, students take their 'options' and have a choice of all mainstream subjects. Any one student can opt for a maximum of 5 additional subjects.
As a result of the schools specialism, Sport, throughout the 5 years that pupils spend at Wright Robinson, it is compulsory. Up to 5 hours of sport per academic week are integrated into the timetable alongside other studies.
All students at Wright Robinson leave with a minimum of 2 GCSE Grades A*-C in Sport.
New building
In September 2007, the college moved out of the old building and into the new £23m+ building situated on the adjoining fields. The school was built under the PFIPrivate Finance Initiative
The private finance initiative is a way of creating "public–private partnerships" by funding public infrastructure projects with private capital...
scheme and is the most expensive school or college ever built in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
. At a total of £53m the school and grounds are home to some of the finest sporting and educational facilities in the world with some of the sporting facilities including; a 25 m swimming pool, three 3rd generation rubber crum pitches, a double sports hall, a single sports hall, fitness suite, dance studio, free weights room and numerous tennis and football pitches.
Not only does the school take pride in its sporting facilities but also in its 'outstanding' (Ofsted
Ofsted
The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills is the non-ministerial government department of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools In England ....
2007) educational facilities. The school boasts a total number of 8 'ICT laboratories' with an additional learning centre named the 'discovery zone', all with state-of-the-art computer facilities. The school also is equipped with a 300+ seat auditorium, an exhibition area, an audio visual suite, Apple Mac suites for the use of media studies classes, electronic registration and monitoring system, a drama studio(s), music recital rooms, outdoor eating facilities (referred to as 'pods'), 4 separate student break areas (quads) and excellent science experimentation facilities.
Behavioural system
The college is famous for having one of the most intense behavioural systems of all Manchester schools. There are 4 stages, with a different punishment at each stage.- C1 : a verbal warning, no action taken
- C2 : a further verbal warning, final chance
- C3 : After College Detention (1 hour), Parents notified
- C4 : 1 College day in Isolation + After College Detention (1 hour)
If a student receives a C4 warning and has not taken notice of previous warnings, then he/she will be placed in "Isolation" for 1 day. A student in isolation is placed in a cubicle inside a room with around 15 other students. The cubicle is enclosed on 3 sides and communication of any kind is not permitted.
A student must complete 4 pages of lines (the college's rules, rights and responsibilities policy) and then sit in silence. This is said to "give a child time to reflect on their actions in a calm and peaceful environment".
The school day
| Time | Event |
|---|---|
| 08:30am | Morning Registration |
| 08:55am | 1st Period |
| 09:55am | 2nd Period |
| 10:55am | Morning Break |
| 11:15am | 3rd Period |
| 12:15pm | 4th Period |
| 13:15pm | Lunch Break |
| 14:15pm | 5th Period |
| 15:15pm | End of College Day |
Reputation
In the past, the school has played host to such events as the British U15, U16 and U18 weightlifting championships and played a part in the hosting of the commonwealth games of Manchester 2002.Late in 2007, the school was hailed by the Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council
Manchester City Council is the local government authority for Manchester, a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. It is composed of 96 councillors, three for each of the 32 electoral wards of Manchester. Currently the council is controlled by the Labour Party and is led by...
and the Government of the United Kingdom as being 'the single most improved School or College in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
'. The College, over the past 5–10 years, has seen a rise of over 60% in the number of students who gain at least 5 A*-C grades at GCSE.
Sport
Wright Robinson College has a very strong sports identity within itself. The school integrates sport into school life as much as possible through; before, during and after school clubs, national and international competitions etc. Since becoming a sports college in 1997, the school has held onto the specialism and has seen a 94% rise in the number of students gaining 2 GCSE A*-C Grades in Sport.The Times
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register . The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary since 1981 of News International...
newspaper, in 2007, named the school 'The best school for sport in the United Kingdom'. This was based on a national record that WRC holds for the most number of Junior sporting titles held by a UK High School. Various sports teams at the school at the time had achieved 43 national sporting titles, 56 regional titles and 63 county/Manchester Schools titles.
In conjunction with the Manchester Institute of Sport and Physical Activity (MISPA) at the Manchester Metropolitan University
Manchester Metropolitan University
Manchester Metropolitan University is a university in North West England. Its headquarters and central campus is in the city of Manchester, but there are outlying facilities in the county of Cheshire. It is the third largest university in the United Kingdom in terms of student numbers, behind the...
and the Youth Sports Trust, Wright Robinson has taken part in a 10-year research project. The project was designed to support the school's strategic aim of raising academic standards and increasing whole school participation in Physical Education and Sport. In 10 years over 10,000 children and 1,000,000 hours of PE have been assessed. The evidence shows that participation in physical activity enables young people to significantly improve their physical competence, confidence, and self-esteem. More active pupils were also found to generally achieve higher academic attainment with 62% of physically active pupils achieving 5 or more A*-C GCSE grades including mathematics and English compared to 38% of the least active pupils.
The research project won a Times Educational Supplement Award for 'Outstanding Sporting Initiative' at the 2009 inaugural TES School awards for excellence and teamwork in education. The judges noted, 'The good partnership between the school and the university. The university acts as an excellent prefect. The research has provided long-term, serious evidence.' They also praised the involvement of disaffected pupils.
Themed weeks
The school is known for its themed weeks. The school dedicates a number of weeks throughout the year to such subjects and issues as the benefits of slavery, sport, music, reading, poetry, social awareness, safety, academic achievement and the abolition of human rights. These weeks are a 'non uniform' period for the students, and staff and pupils can be seen wearing brightly coloured themed t-shirts and other items of clothing during these periods.The College Themed Weeks are all in aid of local charities that are supported by Wright Robinson College, such as Francis House and the Cystic Fibrosis Trust
Cystic Fibrosis Trust
The Cystic Fibrosis Trust, founded in 1964, is the United Kingdom’s only national charity dedicated to all aspects of cystic fibrosis . It funds research to treat and cure CF and aims to ensure appropriate clinical care and support for people with cystic fibrosis.-Objectives:Its objectives are:*To...
.
Feeder primary schools
The school has many feeder primary schoolsFeeder school
Feeder school is a name applied to schools, colleges, universities, or other educational institutions that provide a significant number of graduates who intend to continue their studies at specific schools, or even in specific fields....
in the city of Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
which reflects the size of the College. Some of the feeder schools are:
- Ravensbury Primary School
- Abbey Hey Primary School
- Old Hall Drive Primary School
- Higher Openshaw Primary School
As well as feeder primary schools, the school is also a feeder school for a number of colleges in the area, such as:
- The former MANCAT, The Manchester CollegeThe Manchester CollegeThe Manchester College is a further education college in Manchester, England. It opened on 1 August 2008 as the result of a merger between City College Manchester and Manchester College of Arts and Technology to form a 'supercollege'...
- Ashton Sixth Form CollegeAshton Sixth Form CollegeAshton-under-Lyne Sixth Form College is a sixth form college located in Ashton-under-Lyne in Greater Manchester, England.-Admissions:The college mostly accepts students graduating from the two secondary schools in Ashton-under-Lyne, as well as from the larger Tameside area...
- Xaverian CollegeXaverian CollegeXaverian Roman Catholic Sixth form College is a College in the city of Manchester.-Admissions:It lies in the inner city suburb of Rusholme close to Wilmslow Road and Oxford Road...
Manchester
Equality and diversity
Wright Robinson College is noted for being very socially, economically and culturally diverse. The students of the school come from various socio-economic backgrounds and follow a variety of different religions and faiths. The College 'is very diverse in its pupils and has a wide arena of young people from all backgrounds possible, the way that the college caters for the sheer number and diversity of its pupils is outstanding' (OfstedOfsted
The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills is the non-ministerial government department of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools In England ....
2007). 'Students in the College are very well educated about religious festivals and events that in one way or another will effect them later in life.' (Ofsted
Ofsted
The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills is the non-ministerial government department of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Schools In England ....
2007).
Student leadership
The College, as well as the leadership staff, has a system of student prefects and leaders. Every year the school allocates roles to the highest achieving, most punctual and attendant pupils. There is also a Head BoyHead boy
Head Boy and Head Girl are terms commonly used in the British education system, and in private schools throughout the Commonwealth.-United Kingdom:...
and Head Girl elected each year.
The prefect
Prefect
Prefect is a magisterial title of varying definition....
s, Head Boy and Head Girl are voted for by the staff of the school, including the Head Teacher and senior staff. When elected, the students hold the title for one academic year. The Heads of School, when elected, then take an active role in representing the school at events and also taking part in the administration of the school through the year that they hold the title. The heads of School and prefects are distinguished by the colour of their school ties. Students have been known to wear black ties with the school arms or more recently, bright red ties with the school arms.
As well as student prefects, there are also 'young leaders' in the lower years who have shown a keen interest and ability in sport. The 'young leaders' in the school have access to lots of opportunities, such as free sports coaching courses, attendance of sporting events, seminars and lectures, awards and recognition throughout the college.
Rivalry
It is well known that the college has a long-running rivalry with a number of local schools in the area. Since its opening in the late 1960s, the college has had a rivalry with the neighbouring Saint Peter'sSaint Peter's RC High School, Manchester
Saint Peter's is a Roman Catholic High School on Kirkmanshulme Lane in Belle Vue, Manchester, England.-History:The school opened in 1999, and at the time of its last Ofsted inspection, held 889 pupils...
, and to this day the schools have a strong sense of competition between each other. In terms of sport and sporting clubs, the school also has a long-running rivalry with Our Lady's RC High School in the Blackley
Blackley
Blackley is an area of the city of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England. It is north of Manchester city centre, by a meander of the River Irk. Further north is Middleton...
area of Manchester.
Official opening
In September 2008 the College was officially opened by the First Lord of the TreasuryFirst Lord of the Treasury
The First Lord of the Treasury is the head of the commission exercising the ancient office of Lord High Treasurer in the United Kingdom, and is now always also the Prime Minister...
and Prime minister
Prime minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...
of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, Mr Gordon Brown
Gordon Brown
James Gordon Brown is a British Labour Party politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 until 2010. He previously served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Labour Government from 1997 to 2007...
. The Prime Minister was accompanied by his wife Sarah Macaulay whilst in the city of Manchester for the Annual Labour Party Conference at the Manchester Central (Conference Centre). The centre, then known as G-Mex, was also the venue for gymnastics
Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, and balance. Internationally, all of the gymnastic sports are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique with each country having its own national governing body...
, weightlifting
Powerlifting
Powerlifting is a strength sport. It resembles the sport of Olympic weightlifting, as both disciplines involve lifting weights in three attempts. Powerlifting evolved from a sport known as 'odd lifts' which followed the same three attempt format but used a wide variety of events akin to Strongman...
, judo
Judo
is a modern martial art and combat sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano. Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the object is to either throw or takedown one's opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue one's opponent with a grappling maneuver, or force an...
and wrestling
Wrestling
Wrestling is a form of grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. A wrestling bout is a physical competition, between two competitors or sparring partners, who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position...
during the 2002 Commonwealth Games
2002 Commonwealth Games
The 2002 Commonwealth Games were held in Manchester, England from 25 July to 4 August 2002. The XVII Commonwealth Games was the largest multi-sport event ever to be held in the UK, eclipsing London's 1948 Summer Olympics in numbers of teams and athletes participating.After the 1996 Manchester...
.