Xidaotang
Encyclopedia
Xidaotang is a Chinese-Islamic school of thought. It was founded by Ma Qixi
(1857–1914), a Chinese Muslim
from Lintan in Gansu
, at the beginning of the 20th Century. Their teaching of Islamic faith is relatively strongly fused with traditional culture.
In 1914, Ma Anliang tried to exterminate the "New New Sect", another name for the Xidaotang and Ma Qixi. Ma Qixi's Arabic name was Ersa
(Jesus). Westerners called him "Prophet Jesus". Ma Anliang was nearly successful, but a portion of the sect evaded capture, West Gansu was one of the places New New Sect followers were to be found.
It is mainly distributed in Lintan and Hezheng County in northwest China's Gansu
Province, and also has followers in the province of Qinghai
, the Autonomous Region Xinjiang
and the province of Sichuan
. It is a Hanafi
school of the Sunni tradition similar to Qadim (Gedimu) has included Jahriyya
elements.
Great emphasis is put on Jiaocheng (教 乘), and the "own belief system" (Daocheng 道 乘), "which gradually leads to depersonalization and mystical union with God" (Hu Fan).
Its members organize collectively and work together. One focus of the organization is on education.
Great importance has the holiday Mawlid an-Nabi (in honor of the birthday of Prophet Mohammad), his death, and the anniversary of the death of Ma Qixi, the founder of the movement. There were no mausoleums built for him.
Other leaders in the movement were from 1918 to 1946 Ma Mingren (1896–1946) and 1947-1958 min Xuecheng (ie Min Zhidao [14]) (1882–1957).
Together with Ikhwan (Yihewani) and Qadim (Gedimu) Xidaotang is one of the three major sects of Islam in China.
Ma Qixi
Ma Qixi , a Hui from Gansu, was the founder of the Xidaotang, a Chinese-Islamic school of thought.-Education and teaching:Ma was born into the family of a Taozhou ahong of the Beizhuang menhuan, a Sufi order. At 11 years of age, he studied with a non-Muslim who was an examination graduate at the...
(1857–1914), a Chinese Muslim
Hui people
The Hui people are an ethnic group in China, defined as Chinese speaking people descended from foreign Muslims. They are typically distinguished by their practice of Islam, however some also practice other religions, and many are direct descendants of Silk Road travelers.In modern People's...
from Lintan in Gansu
Gansu
' is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east...
, at the beginning of the 20th Century. Their teaching of Islamic faith is relatively strongly fused with traditional culture.
In 1914, Ma Anliang tried to exterminate the "New New Sect", another name for the Xidaotang and Ma Qixi. Ma Qixi's Arabic name was Ersa
Isa (name)
Isa is an Arabic name corresponding to Jesus in English. It is a common male given name for Arabs and Muslims.Arabic-speaking Muslims refer to Jesus as Isa, while Arabic-speaking Christians refer to Jesus as Yasu...
(Jesus). Westerners called him "Prophet Jesus". Ma Anliang was nearly successful, but a portion of the sect evaded capture, West Gansu was one of the places New New Sect followers were to be found.
It is mainly distributed in Lintan and Hezheng County in northwest China's Gansu
Gansu
' is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east...
Province, and also has followers in the province of Qinghai
Qinghai
Qinghai ; Oirat Mongolian: ; ; Salar:) is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake...
, the Autonomous Region Xinjiang
Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
and the province of Sichuan
Sichuan
' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
. It is a Hanafi
Hanafi
The Hanafi school is one of the four Madhhab in jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. The Hanafi madhhab is named after the Persian scholar Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man ibn Thābit , a Tabi‘i whose legal views were preserved primarily by his two most important disciples, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani...
school of the Sunni tradition similar to Qadim (Gedimu) has included Jahriyya
Jahriyya
Jahriyya is a Sufi order in China that once existed in Persia and the Turkish World. Founded by Hadrat Abu Yaqub Yusuf Hamdani, it was brought to China in the 1760s by Ma Mingxin...
elements.
Great emphasis is put on Jiaocheng (教 乘), and the "own belief system" (Daocheng 道 乘), "which gradually leads to depersonalization and mystical union with God" (Hu Fan).
Its members organize collectively and work together. One focus of the organization is on education.
Great importance has the holiday Mawlid an-Nabi (in honor of the birthday of Prophet Mohammad), his death, and the anniversary of the death of Ma Qixi, the founder of the movement. There were no mausoleums built for him.
Other leaders in the movement were from 1918 to 1946 Ma Mingren (1896–1946) and 1947-1958 min Xuecheng (ie Min Zhidao [14]) (1882–1957).
Together with Ikhwan (Yihewani) and Qadim (Gedimu) Xidaotang is one of the three major sects of Islam in China.
Literature
- Shoujiang Mi, Jia You: Islam in China, Chinese Intercontinental Press, 2004; ISBN 7508505336 (web)
- Michael Dillon: China's Muslim Hui Community 1999
- Dru C. Gladney: Muslim Chinese: ethnic nationalism in the People's Republic (Xi Dao Tang, S.56 f.)
- Hu Fan: "Islam in Shaanxi: Past and Present". Diss. Bonn 2008
See also
- menhuan 门宦
- gongbeiGongbeiThe Gongbei Port is an immigration and customs checkpoint located in Zhuhai of mainland China, on its border with Macao. It is operated by the Bureau of Exit and Entry Administration of the Ministry of Public Security, and the General Administration of Customs.It is located in the Gongbei...
拱北 - Gedimu
- Liu ZhiLiu ZhiLiu Zhi may refer to:* Emperor Huan of Han*Liu Zhi *Liu Zhi , Chinese Muslim scholar of the Qing dynasty*Liu Zhi, CPC member and early minister of education*Liu Chih, Kuomintang military and political leader...
刘智 (1660–1745) - Tekke (罕卡 Khanqah, 扎维叶 Zawiya)
External links
- West Khanqa
- Gongshe xingzhe de Musilin zuzhi - Xidaotang –
- Xidaotang
- Zhongguo Xidaotang Linxia Machang Qingzhensi shengjihui - Chinese (photos from the Machang mosque in Linxia)