Y-STR
Encyclopedia
| STRsite | Mutation Rate (x 10-3) | |||||
| LB-96%CI | 'rate' | UB-96%CI | Notes | |||
| DYS19 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 3.5 | Independentduplications | ||
| DYS385 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 31 of 41896 | ||
| DYS389I | 0.95 | 1.8 | 3.0 | 14 of 7862 | ||
| DYS389II | 1.8 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 22 of 7849 | ||
| DYS390 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 21 of 9140 | ||
| DYS391 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 28 of 9089 | ||
| DYS392 | 0.18 | 0.55 | 1.3 | 5 of 9053 | ||
| DYS393 | 0.36 | 0.89 | 1.8 | 7 of 7842 | ||
| DYS437 | 0.60 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 7 of 4672 | ||
| DYS438 | 0.051 | 0.43 | 1.5 | 2 of 4709 | ||
| DYS439 | 3.8 | 5.7 | 8.4 | 27 of 4686 | ||
| DYS448 | 0.19 | 1.6 | 5.7 | 2 of 1258 | ||
| DYS456 | 1.8 | 4.8 | 10 | 6 of 1258 | ||
| DYS458 | 2.8 | 6.4 | 12 | 8 of 1258 | ||
| DYS635 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 7.4 | 8 of 2131 | ||
| GATA H4.1 | 0.71 | 2.2 | 5.1 | 5 of 2294 | ||
| From table 1. Sanchez-Diz et al 2008. Note some of the N in the 17 STR are quite low in frequency | ||||||
A Y-STR is a short tandem repeat
Short tandem repeat
A short tandem repeat in DNA occurs when a pattern of two or more nucleotides are repeated and the repeated sequences are directly adjacent to each other. The pattern can range in length from 2 to 5 base pairs and is typically in the non-coding intron region...
(STR) on the Y-chromosome
Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in most mammals, including humans. In mammals, it contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development if present. The human Y chromosome is composed of about 60 million base pairs...
. Y-STRs are often used in forensics, paternity, and genealogical DNA test
Genealogical DNA test
A genealogical DNA test examines the nucleotides at specific locations on a person's DNA for genetic genealogy purposes. The test results are not meant to have any informative medical value and do not determine specific genetic diseases or disorders ; they are intended only to give genealogical...
ing.
Nomenclature
Y-STRs are assigned names by the HUGO gene nomenclature committeeHUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee
The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee approves a unique and meaningful name for every known human gene based on a query of experts. In addition to a long name, the HGNC also assigns an abbreviation to every gene...
.
Some testing companies have different formats for the way STR markers are written. For example, the marker DYS455 may be written as DYS455, DYS 455, DYS#455, or DYS# 455. The scientific standard accepted by HUGO and NIST
National Institute of Standards and Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology , known between 1901 and 1988 as the National Bureau of Standards , is a measurement standards laboratory, otherwise known as a National Metrological Institute , which is a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce...
is DYS455.
DYS
DYS is jargon once used in genetic genealogyGenetic genealogy
Genetic genealogy is the application of genetics to traditional genealogy. Genetic genealogy involves the use of genealogical DNA testing to determine the level of genetic relationship between individuals.-History:...
for a Y-STR. Its origins may be due to the most common first three letters of a Y-chromosome DNA
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms . The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in...
STR (short tandem repeat
Short tandem repeat
A short tandem repeat in DNA occurs when a pattern of two or more nucleotides are repeated and the repeated sequences are directly adjacent to each other. The pattern can range in length from 2 to 5 base pairs and is typically in the non-coding intron region...
).
Databases
In genetic genealogyGenetic genealogy
Genetic genealogy is the application of genetics to traditional genealogy. Genetic genealogy involves the use of genealogical DNA testing to determine the level of genetic relationship between individuals.-History:...
, the following is a list of sponsored databases containing publicly submitted surnames and Y-STR haplotypes:
Haplogroup specific data:
Diagrams
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) — Y STR Positions along Y Chromosome
Fact sheets
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) — Summary List of Y Chromosome STR Loci and Available Fact Sheets
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) — STR Fact Sheets
- dna.reinyday.com — DYS464
- Y-STR markers — Details and statistics
Databases
- dna.reinyday.com - About Public Databases
- yhrd.org — Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database
- ysearch.org — T-DNA database