Ye Qisun
Encyclopedia
Ye Qisun also named Ye Hongjuan (叶鸿眷), was a renowned Chinese physicist
and one of the founders of modern physics
in China
.
and attended the edition of Shanghai History (local official record); his grandfather Ye Jiazhen (叶佳镇) worked in The Imperial College; his father Ye Jingyun (叶景澐) is a successful candidate in the imperial examinations at the provincial level, and delegated as a headmaster at Jingye School (敬业学堂), Chinese professor at Tsinghua School
and the chairman of Shanghai Education Association.
In 1907, Ye came to his father's school, Jingye School. In 1911, He got admission of Tsinghua School and began the first group students in that university. Ye graduated from Tsinghua University
in June 1918. He later studied physics at the University of Chicago
and Harvard University
. In 1923, he obtained his doctorate in physics at Harvard, under the supervision of William Duane
. Mr. Duane, Ye and H. Palmer successfully posted the academic article A re-measurement of the Radiation constant, h, by means of X-Rays at National Academy of Sciences
.
After traveling to Europe, he became an associate professor of physics at the National Southeastern University in Nanjing (later Nanjing University
in April 1924.
in 1925, and became a full professor in 1926; also, he brought his students Chung-Yao Chao
and Ruwei Shi to Tsinghua. In 1926, He founded the department of physics at Tsinghua and became its first chair, In 1929, Tsinghua founded the school of science, and Ye became the dean as well as one of seven core senior executive administrators in Tshinghua. From 1926 to 1937, He hired Xiong Qinglai
, Wu Youxun
, Sa Bendong, Zhang Zigao, Huang Ziqing, Zhou Peiyuan
, Chung-Yao Chao
and Ren Zhigong as professors in Tsinghua. For example, He even paid salary Wu Youxun
more than himself. Moreover, he supported Xiong Qinglai
's approval of introducing Hua Luogeng
to teach at Tsinghua, who only had a middle school diploma; then Ye recommended Hua to University of Cambridge
.
, Ye and his student Xiong Dashen transferred assets from Tsinghua University
to National Southwestern Associated University
. Ye supposed to send Xiong to graduate schools in German, but Xiong insisted to join into military against Japanese invading army. After his promising, Xiong came to Jizhong Communist Anti-Japanese Areas, leaded by General Lü Zhengcao
. Xiong taught the bomb technology and bought wireless utilities by Ye's network, these significantly resolved the shortage of weapons in Eighth Route Army
. Xiong died in Civil War.
Ye came to National Southwestern Associated University
to continue teaching physics as the chair of department of physics. In 1946, he recommended Tsung-Dao Lee
to study abroad in the United States, even though Lee was not graduated at that moment. Lee won the Nobel Prize in Physics
in 1957.
. Ye was elected member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
in 1955, also a founder of the Chinese Physical Society.
He asked the government to re-clarifying the death of Xiong Dashen, which buried a hint foreshadowing in Cultural Revolution
. During Cultural Revolution
, Lü Zhengcao
was persecuted that Ye was implicated in Xiong' case, and was persecuted, too. Ye suffered from the continued abuses and had mental problems. In 1969, he was released back to Peking University
, but still have to be isolated as "a suspect of Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics
agent". One day, his student Qian Sanqiang
met him and wanted to say hello, whereas Ye asked his student to leave him so as to not impact Qian.
Besides, Ye's students Zhao Yuanren, Ren Zhigong, Lin Jiaqiao, Dai Zhenduo, Chen Ning Yang requested to visit him, but received the refuse from government. In 1975, his isolation was canceled, and then his students Chen Daisui, Wu Youxun
, Wang Zhuxi
and Qian Weichang finally got the opportunites to visit him. Ye died in January 13, 1977.
.
and one of the founders of modern physics
in China
.
Many famous Scientists, such as Zhao Yuanren, Ren Zhigong, Lin Jiaqiao, Dai Zhenduo, Chen Ning Yang, Chen Daisui, Wu Youxun
, Wang Zhuxi
, Tsung-Dao Lee
, Qian Sanqiang
, Qian Weiqiang were his students. In 1999, Chinese government awarded 23 founding fathers of Chinese space program
as "Fathers of Two Bombs (atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb) and One Star (artificial satellite)". Over half of them were used to be his students; therefore, Ye was generally hailed as "the master of masters".
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole...
and one of the founders of modern physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
.
Education
Ye's family has very strong educational background. His great-grandfather is a government office in Qing DynastyQing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
and attended the edition of Shanghai History (local official record); his grandfather Ye Jiazhen (叶佳镇) worked in The Imperial College; his father Ye Jingyun (叶景澐) is a successful candidate in the imperial examinations at the provincial level, and delegated as a headmaster at Jingye School (敬业学堂), Chinese professor at Tsinghua School
Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University , colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911 under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang" or "Tsinghua College" and was renamed the "Tsinghua School" one year later...
and the chairman of Shanghai Education Association.
In 1907, Ye came to his father's school, Jingye School. In 1911, He got admission of Tsinghua School and began the first group students in that university. Ye graduated from Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University , colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911 under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang" or "Tsinghua College" and was renamed the "Tsinghua School" one year later...
in June 1918. He later studied physics at the University of Chicago
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890...
and Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...
. In 1923, he obtained his doctorate in physics at Harvard, under the supervision of William Duane
William Duane (physicist)
William Duane was an American physicist. A coworker of Marie Curie, he developed a method for generating quantities of radon in the laboratory.-Biography:-Studies:...
. Mr. Duane, Ye and H. Palmer successfully posted the academic article A re-measurement of the Radiation constant, h, by means of X-Rays at National Academy of Sciences
United States National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine." As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and...
.
After traveling to Europe, he became an associate professor of physics at the National Southeastern University in Nanjing (later Nanjing University
Nanjing University
Nanjing University , or Nanking University, is one of the oldest and most prestigious institutions of higher learning in China...
in April 1924.
Before Sino-Japanese War
In 1924, He was recruited to National Southeast University as an assistant professor, and joined into Chinese Science Association. Then, he was recruited to Tsinghua UniversityTsinghua University
Tsinghua University , colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911 under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang" or "Tsinghua College" and was renamed the "Tsinghua School" one year later...
in 1925, and became a full professor in 1926; also, he brought his students Chung-Yao Chao
Chung-Yao Chao
Chung-Yao Chao was a Chinese physicist. Chung-Yao Chao studied the scattering of gamma rays in lead by pair production in 1930, without knowing that positrons were involved in the anomalously high scattering cross-section...
and Ruwei Shi to Tsinghua. In 1926, He founded the department of physics at Tsinghua and became its first chair, In 1929, Tsinghua founded the school of science, and Ye became the dean as well as one of seven core senior executive administrators in Tshinghua. From 1926 to 1937, He hired Xiong Qinglai
Xiong Qinglai
Xiong Qinglai , courtesy name Youzhi , was a Chinese mathematician from Yunnan. He was the first person to introduce modern mathematics into China, and served as an influential president of Yunnan University from 1937 through 1947. A Chinese stamp was issued in his honour.-Biography:Xiong studied...
, Wu Youxun
Wu Youxun
Wu Youxun or Y. H. Woo was a physical scientist. He had the courtesy name of Zhèngzhī .- Biography :Wu graduated from the Department of Physics of Nanjing Higher Normal School , and was later associated with the Department of Physics at Tsinghua University...
, Sa Bendong, Zhang Zigao, Huang Ziqing, Zhou Peiyuan
Zhou Peiyuan
Zhou Peiyuan was a renowned theoretical physicist of China. He was a former president of Peking University, and an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences ....
, Chung-Yao Chao
Chung-Yao Chao
Chung-Yao Chao was a Chinese physicist. Chung-Yao Chao studied the scattering of gamma rays in lead by pair production in 1930, without knowing that positrons were involved in the anomalously high scattering cross-section...
and Ren Zhigong as professors in Tsinghua. For example, He even paid salary Wu Youxun
Wu Youxun
Wu Youxun or Y. H. Woo was a physical scientist. He had the courtesy name of Zhèngzhī .- Biography :Wu graduated from the Department of Physics of Nanjing Higher Normal School , and was later associated with the Department of Physics at Tsinghua University...
more than himself. Moreover, he supported Xiong Qinglai
Xiong Qinglai
Xiong Qinglai , courtesy name Youzhi , was a Chinese mathematician from Yunnan. He was the first person to introduce modern mathematics into China, and served as an influential president of Yunnan University from 1937 through 1947. A Chinese stamp was issued in his honour.-Biography:Xiong studied...
's approval of introducing Hua Luogeng
Hua Luogeng
Hua Luogeng was a Chinese mathematician born in Jintan, Jiangsu. He was the founder and pioneer in many fields in mathematical research. He wrote more than 200 papers and monographs, many of which became classics. Since his sudden death while delivering a lecture at the University of Tokyo, Japan,...
to teach at Tsinghua, who only had a middle school diploma; then Ye recommended Hua to University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...
.
During WWII and Chinese Civil War
During the Sino-Japanese WarSino-Japanese War
There were two wars known as the Sino-Japanese War :* The First Sino-Japanese War between China and Japan , primarily over control of Korea....
, Ye and his student Xiong Dashen transferred assets from Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University , colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911 under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang" or "Tsinghua College" and was renamed the "Tsinghua School" one year later...
to National Southwestern Associated University
National Southwestern Associated University
When the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out between China and Japan in 1937, Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University, merged to form Changsha Temporary University in Changsha, and later National Southwestern Associated University in Kunming...
. Ye supposed to send Xiong to graduate schools in German, but Xiong insisted to join into military against Japanese invading army. After his promising, Xiong came to Jizhong Communist Anti-Japanese Areas, leaded by General Lü Zhengcao
Lü Zhengcao
Lü Zhengcao was a Chinese military officer. He was one of the original Shang Jiang of the People's Liberation Army....
. Xiong taught the bomb technology and bought wireless utilities by Ye's network, these significantly resolved the shortage of weapons in Eighth Route Army
Eighth Route Army
The Eighth Route Army was the larger of the two major Chinese communist forces that formed a unit of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China which fought the Japanese from 1937 to 1945. In contrast to most of the National Revolutionary Army, it was controlled by the Communist...
. Xiong died in Civil War.
Ye came to National Southwestern Associated University
National Southwestern Associated University
When the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out between China and Japan in 1937, Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University, merged to form Changsha Temporary University in Changsha, and later National Southwestern Associated University in Kunming...
to continue teaching physics as the chair of department of physics. In 1946, he recommended Tsung-Dao Lee
Tsung-Dao Lee
Tsung-Dao Lee is a Chinese born-American physicist, well known for his work on parity violation, the Lee Model, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion physics, nontopological solitons and soliton stars....
to study abroad in the United States, even though Lee was not graduated at that moment. Lee won the Nobel Prize in Physics
Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
in 1957.
After the founding of P.R.China
In 1949, He came back to Peking after Civil War. Three year later, he moved to teach at Peking UniversityPeking University
Peking University , colloquially known in Chinese as Beida , is a major research university located in Beijing, China, and a member of the C9 League. It is the first established modern national university of China. It was founded as Imperial University of Peking in 1898 as a replacement of the...
. Ye was elected member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of Sciences
The Chinese Academy of Sciences , formerly known as Academia Sinica, is the national academy for the natural sciences of the People's Republic of China. It is an institution of the State Council of China. It is headquartered in Beijing, with institutes all over the People's Republic of China...
in 1955, also a founder of the Chinese Physical Society.
He asked the government to re-clarifying the death of Xiong Dashen, which buried a hint foreshadowing in Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...
. During Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...
, Lü Zhengcao
Lü Zhengcao
Lü Zhengcao was a Chinese military officer. He was one of the original Shang Jiang of the People's Liberation Army....
was persecuted that Ye was implicated in Xiong' case, and was persecuted, too. Ye suffered from the continued abuses and had mental problems. In 1969, he was released back to Peking University
Peking University
Peking University , colloquially known in Chinese as Beida , is a major research university located in Beijing, China, and a member of the C9 League. It is the first established modern national university of China. It was founded as Imperial University of Peking in 1898 as a replacement of the...
, but still have to be isolated as "a suspect of Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics
Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics
On March 20, 1928 Chen Lifu became head of the Kuomindang's Organization Department and set up the espionage unit Diaocha Tongji or Central Bureau of Investigation and Statistics of the Central Executive Committee...
agent". One day, his student Qian Sanqiang
Qian Sanqiang
Qian Sanqiang was a Chinese nuclear physicist.-Biography:A native of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, Qian was born in Shaoxing, attending Peking University and Tsinghua University. His father is Qian Xuantong. Qian went to France in 1937...
met him and wanted to say hello, whereas Ye asked his student to leave him so as to not impact Qian.
Besides, Ye's students Zhao Yuanren, Ren Zhigong, Lin Jiaqiao, Dai Zhenduo, Chen Ning Yang requested to visit him, but received the refuse from government. In 1975, his isolation was canceled, and then his students Chen Daisui, Wu Youxun
Wu Youxun
Wu Youxun or Y. H. Woo was a physical scientist. He had the courtesy name of Zhèngzhī .- Biography :Wu graduated from the Department of Physics of Nanjing Higher Normal School , and was later associated with the Department of Physics at Tsinghua University...
, Wang Zhuxi
Wang Zhuxi
Wang Zhuxi , given name as Zhiqi , sobriquet as Zhuxi, was a renowned physicist, educator and philologist of China.-Biography:...
and Qian Weichang finally got the opportunites to visit him. Ye died in January 13, 1977.
Awards
In 2000, the Chinese Physical Society established five prizes in recognition of five pioneers of modern physics in China. The Ye Qisun Prize is awarded to physicists involved in Condensed matter physicsCondensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics deals with the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. These properties appear when a number of atoms at the supramolecular and macromolecular scale interact strongly and adhere to each other or are otherwise highly concentrated in a system. The most familiar...
.
Contribution
Ye Qisun was a renowned Chinese physicistPhysicist
A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole...
and one of the founders of modern physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
.
Many famous Scientists, such as Zhao Yuanren, Ren Zhigong, Lin Jiaqiao, Dai Zhenduo, Chen Ning Yang, Chen Daisui, Wu Youxun
Wu Youxun
Wu Youxun or Y. H. Woo was a physical scientist. He had the courtesy name of Zhèngzhī .- Biography :Wu graduated from the Department of Physics of Nanjing Higher Normal School , and was later associated with the Department of Physics at Tsinghua University...
, Wang Zhuxi
Wang Zhuxi
Wang Zhuxi , given name as Zhiqi , sobriquet as Zhuxi, was a renowned physicist, educator and philologist of China.-Biography:...
, Tsung-Dao Lee
Tsung-Dao Lee
Tsung-Dao Lee is a Chinese born-American physicist, well known for his work on parity violation, the Lee Model, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion physics, nontopological solitons and soliton stars....
, Qian Sanqiang
Qian Sanqiang
Qian Sanqiang was a Chinese nuclear physicist.-Biography:A native of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, Qian was born in Shaoxing, attending Peking University and Tsinghua University. His father is Qian Xuantong. Qian went to France in 1937...
, Qian Weiqiang were his students. In 1999, Chinese government awarded 23 founding fathers of Chinese space program
Chinese space program
The space program of the People's Republic of China is directed by the China National Space Administration . Its technological roots can be traced back to the late 1950s, when the People's Republic began a rudimentary ballistic missile program in response to perceived American threats...
as "Fathers of Two Bombs (atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb) and One Star (artificial satellite)". Over half of them were used to be his students; therefore, Ye was generally hailed as "the master of masters".