Yelena Davydova
Encyclopedia
Yelena Victorovna Davydova ' onMouseout='HidePop("65224")' href="/topics/Voronezh">Voronezh
, 400 miles south of Moscow), is a former Soviet
gymnast
. She is the 1980 Olympic
all-around champion, and is now a top coach in Canada.
.She practicised the splits to see if she also could do them. Deciding she wanted to be a gymnast Elena went by herself to be enrolled in Voronezh's famous Spartak
Gymnastics school, yet was turned away, as she was very small, and considered at the time to have the wrong physique for the sport."They would call me Kobolok after the little fairytale pancake". Rather than giving up however, she secretly watched the lessons through windows and tried to imitate in the schoolyard what she had observed.
Soon a coach at the school, Gennady Korshunov, noticed her and invited into the school. He asked his wife, Ina, also a gymnastics coach at the school, to train Davydova in her group. Yuri Shtukman, the administrator at the school, did not like this initiative by his new training staff and reprimanded the Korshunovs; however he allowed Davydova to stay in the school. It soon became apparent that she was a talented gymnast and Gennady took over her coaching himself. By 1972 Davydova was the best in her age group at the school.
, whose gymnastics Yelena Davydova greatly admired. At the USSR Cup Davydova tied for 6th place AA — and won bronze on vault, only 0.025 behind world vault championOlga Korbut
— but only the top 5 and one gymnast in 9th place were chosen for the Soviet Olympic team
. Larisa Latynina, who had won 18 Olympic medals — a record for either gender in any sport, was the senior coach for the team, and was determined to uphold the classical gymnastics tradition against the new athletic school of gymnastics as represented by Comaneci
, Davydova and others.
In August Davydova won the Antibes
tournament in France by 0.6 points. In addition, she won gold on the vault, and silvers on the events beam, bars, and floor. At the Riga International Elena scored the absolute highest score of the competition ( 9.75 on vault) and won silver in the AA competition.She dominated event finals with almost a clean sweep winning 3 gold ( beam,vault,bars)and a bronze on floor.In October, she was made a member of the USSR gymnastics display team, which visited the UK. She subsequently performed her beam routine on the Blue Peter
show, an educational/entertainment show for children and teenagers and, was featured in that year's Blue Peter annual.
In December of '76, Davydova finished 3rd AA at the Chunichi Cup in Japan, and won a gold on vault and a bronze on floor at the Tokyo Cup. She was the only woman in the competition to perform a front somersault vault. She also tied 1st AA with Kische and Kraker of East Germany. Kische had finished 8th AA at the Montreal Olympics. Despite the presence of Olympians such as Comaneci, Ungureanu
, Kim, and Grozdova
in the Chunichi Cup, Davydova was described as the "most exciting performer and certainly the most happy bubbly personality". One Japanese sports commentator wrote the prediction that "It was young Yelena Davydova who deserved special attention for her super difficult exercises. She is a new infant prodigy for the Soviet Union, no less talented than Kim, Turischeva
, or Filatova
". In 1977 Davydova again won the gold medal on bars at the USSR Cup, scoring a full 10.
In September 1977 Yelena Davydova appeared on the front cover of a new magazine with an emphasis on young gymnasts, entitled Gymnastics World. She was one of the four "Mighty Mites" featured in that issue. She was also a member of the USSR Display Team, along woth Kim, Korbut, Grosdova, Filatova and Gorbik that performed in Great Britain. The Daily Mirror programme wrote about Davydova "She is the only girl in the team who has perfected the somersault onto the beam to commence her exercise.In previous years she has held most of the national titles for girls and one time held all the junior titles of the Soviet Union".
Elena suffered a serious injury when a bone detached itself from her knee.A medical specialist told her that her injury could be repaired through surgery. Her chances of ever again competing at the highest level would be negligible. In fact it could mean she would never be a gymnast again.Coping with not being able to train a sport you love is a massive psychological hurdle for an athlete in any sport.There are no guarantees no matter how assiduous you are in terms of your rehabilitation,that you will be able to compete again,never mind broach the same level pre-injury.Elena took plenty of rest and homeopathic treatments.Her resilience and spirit won through.”When I was injured my coach believed in me and didn’t give up on me.In my mind I knew I could still be on the team.I kept going”.
She did well at school, was an avid reader,particularly world classics,history and science fiction, and enjoyed going to the cinema and theatre. Korshunov remembers “She never misses a chance of buying new books when competing in other places.Elena swallows one book after another.I see one book lying,next to her bag one day,a new one is there the next day “.She played checkers.She enjoyed going on angling trips with Viktor,her father,and Gennady. ”I like to read and listen to music ,but mostly I enjoy a few quiet hours by the water. I love to go fishing.I spend a lot of time fishing with my father or my coach, either on a lake in a boat,or on the banks of the Neva”. She enjoyed cooking and baking. As with many gymnasts she has a fondness for ice cream.
In 1978 Gennady Korshunov and his wife were invited to coach gymnastics in Leningrad
, the birthcity of Gennady. Yelena Davydova and her family moved along with the Korshunov family. She achieved a silver AA at the Spartakiade of Russian Federation Sports Schools meet, and bronze AA at the USSR Cup, being the top scorer on both beam and bars. Shortly after, Davydova won the AA title at the prestigious Chunichi Cup in Japan defeating Maxi Gnauck
. Her win by 0.55 points remains the joint 3rd highest margin of victory in the competition's 34 year history. She also won gold on the bars and vault at the Tokyo Cup. As a result, she was chosen to be a member of the USSR team at the World Championships
at Strasbourg
in France.Merely to make an USSR Team represented a huge achievement since competition for all 6 places was so fierce. However, on the day of competition she was named as an alternate, and unable to compete.Although as alternate she still received a team gold medal it was a disappointment she was not to forget.
At the 1979 Coca-Cola International in England Davydova won a gold on floor and would have shared gold on bars, but her coach blocked the line of vision of one of the judges, and she suffered the mandatory 0.3 deduction. She finished 2nd AA at the Simo Sappien memorial tournament in Finland. Yelena Davydova was unable to attend the 1979 World Championships in Fort Worth, U.S., however, because of a case of flu. At the World University Games
in Mexico she won team gold, 3rd AA, and a silver medal on floor and bronze on vault in event finals.
In 1979 Olga Korbut
named Davydova, Stella Zakharova
, and Natalia Shaposhnikova
as the three most promising young gymnasts.
Tournament Davydova amazed the experts again by performing a full-on, full off vault. This vault had only ever been done before by Olga Korbut..Josef Goehler,vice-president of the West German gymnastics federation wrote in IG,July 1980,p. 30, “Elena Davidova caused a stir at the Moscow News Tournament when she got into Olga Korbut’s footsteps in horse-vaulting:she did a full twist in pre-flight,and in the second flight phase,with a handspring body extended,another twist of 360 degrees around the body length axis.Lets just recall that Olga Korbut did that “Korbut twist” for the first time at the World Championships at Varna 1974 and won the title of world vault champion with it.It took years until we now have another gymnast who tries and risks this element of top virtuosity with perfect body control”.Davydova won a gold and 3 silver at the Moscow News Tournament. At the 1980 USSR Championships in April in Kiev Davydova won gold on vault- unveiling her unique vault full twist on,front somi off and scoring a 10 - and finished 3rd AA.
The Soviet Olympic gymnastics team was to be chosen after the USSR Cup competition in Moscow June 19–22. For gymnasts of this generation it was a make-or-break contest.The judges and Soviet officials wanted to determine whose gymnastics would stand up best under the extremely high pressure conditions that would exist at the Olympics.It was run according to procedures for the Olympic Games – a full 4 day competition of compulsories, optionals, AA and event finals. Elena had finished joint 6th at the 1976 USSR Cup but that turned out to be insufficient to be placed on the squad. She knew this time only a top 3 place would give her a spot on the team. Davydova won it comfortably and scored a 10 on floor. She finished 0.5 ahead of her nearest rival, Natalia Shaposhnikova
,0.8 ahead of Zakharova, nearly a full 1.0 ahead of Filatova and a galactic 3.375 ahead of Mukhina.
Just before the Olympics, the Romanian Head Coach Béla Károlyi
named Davydova as Nadia Comăneci
's main rival for the Olympic title. Frank Taylor, 16 years President of the World Association of Sports Writers and author of "The Comaneci Story", went one step further and predicted Davydova would be the winner. BBC radio
reported on podium training at the Olympics, discussing the established stars but added that on the basis of what they had seen they advised viewers to watch out for Yelena Davydova, and that if she performed as well as in training, then she would take gold for her daring routines.
Missing from the 1980 Olympics
was the 1978 World Champion, Elena Mukhina
, who had been paralysed after an accident while training. She was unable to speak for 6 months and remained in a wheelchair until her death in December 2006. Davydova kept in contact with her and Mukhina described her as "a real friend".
Mukhina was not expected to be on the USSR team.In 1979 she had broken her leg and it didn't set right.She was unable to master her old skills.In the spring of 1980 the Soviets split the senior elites into 2 groups - those who were on the Olympic squad and those that weren't.Mukhina had not competed for the first 6 months of 1980 until she finished 14th AA at the USSR Cup.Mukhina was in the 2nd group training in Minsk when the accident happened.
In the team competition — whose scores counted towards both AA medals and event finals — Davydova was hampered by performing 4th for her team before Kim
and Shaposhnikova
— Comaneci
and Gnauck
performed 6th for their respective teams. The scores tend to rise with each routine — known as the staircase effect — giving the gymnasts performing last for their team a head start when it came to scoring.
Only 3 members out of 6 from any team could go through to the All-Around final and only 2 to an event final. Davydova qualified for two event finals — beam and vault — but it is believed would have qualified for bars and floor event finals also, had she competed last for her team instead of 4th on the list.
Nadia Comăneci scored a 10 on beam in compulsories, her first perfect score on beam in a major competition since 1977. Yelena Davydova performed very solidly, scoring 39.4, but finished the first day in 7th place behind 3 of her own teammates and equal with another. The leaders were Comaneci and Shaposhnikova, both scoring 39.85. At this stage of the competition in Montreal 76
Comaneci had scored 39.35.
In the optional exercises Davydova came into her own, outscoring all her teammates and meriting a 10 on floor. Barbara Slater, who had been a British gymnast in Montreal
and was a TV commentator in 1980, described Davydova's floor exercise as the "performance of the Olympics". Nik Stuart, 9 times British AA champion and the first British national coach, stated that "Her floor exercise is the most complex ever designed for a female gymnast, full of difficulty and fluidity". US gymnast Karen Le Mond stated that Davydova's FX had "harder tumbling passes than the best 10 has ever had". Another commentator wrote"No gymnast of either sex has ever attempted so complicated or complex a routine".The FIG website praises her "delightful dance movements". Glenn Sundby
, editor of International Gymnast magazine, commented that "Davydova would have won anywhere on this earth with that floor routine".This routine is also praised in Michael Murphy's 1992 book "The Future of The Body".This was only the 2nd time a perfect score of 10 had been scored on fx at an Olympics; it was the 1st ever 10 scored in team optionals fx and the only 10 scored on fx – in either women’s or men’s gymnastics – at the 1980 Olympics.
During this part of the competition Nadia Comăneci fell from bars attempting a Hecht 1/2,a move she had also fallen from at the 1979 World Cup. The judges gave her a 9.5,which means she would have scored a 10 without the fall. Comaneci scored 39.2.
, 4th Comaneci Romania
. Davydova began on beam, Gnauck on bars, Comaneci on floor — a disadvantage for Davydova because there is such a premium of accuracy in the beam exercise that the gymnast prefers to be fully attuned to the rigours of that days competition before attempting it.On a later occasion Bela Karolyi said “To start with the balance beam,that is like a ditch,a hell”.Early jitters can be magnified into disasters.
There were only 4 routines left for each gymnast to compete. With 2 down and 2 to go the places were now: Gnauck 1st, Davydova 2nd, Shaposhnikova and Comaneci joint 3rd. Nadia Comăneci then scored a 10 on bars, the only gymnast to receive a perfect score that night. (It was her first perfect score on bars in a major competition since the 1976 Olympics). Neil Admur, New York Times, July 25, 1980, A17, "The drama on the final rotation added to the suspense. Miss Gnauck was second among the 9 gymnasts on the vault, Miss Davydova seventh on the bars and Miss Comaneci eight on the beam". Maxi Gnauck held the lead until her last routine when she vaulted insecurely. She scored 9.7, on a vault with a start value of 9.9, the same as she had scored for this vault at 1979 European Championships in Denmark and 79 World Championships in United States.Barry Lorge,Washington Post,July 25, 1980,p. 9,”Gnauck,first of the contenders up in the fourth and final rotation.Her first vault looked good but was too safe : 9.7.She knew she had to do better but she buckled on the landing of her second vault”.Peter Aykroyd,International Gymnastics : Sport,Art or Science ?,1987,p. 68,”She went into the all-round finals with a slight lead,but weak vaulting lost her this advantage”.
Yelena Davydova had scored 9.85 on beam, 9.95 on floor (Comaneci has described Davydova's routine as "Excellent"), 9.9 on vault. She now had her bars exercise left to compete. Only a great exercise would be good enough. But bars had a casualty list of high profile gymnasts - Nadia Comăneci and Dumitriţa Turner
had fallen during the team competition, Věra Čáslavská
fell at 64 Olympics event final, Natalia Kuchinskaya
at 67 Europeans, Kuchinskaya fell at 68 Olympics, Korbut lost her chance of being Olympic AA champion in 72, losing the gold medal and finishing 7th, Tourischeva
in 75 Europeans, Kim
and Korbut
76 Olympics
event final, Elena Naimushina and Nadia
79 Europeans, Comaneci at 79 World Cup, Shaposhnikova, Zakharova and Filatova 79 Worlds,Filatova's fall costing her the silver AA medal. A mistake by Davydova would result in gold for either Gnauck or Comaneci
. Davydova's exercise included a Tkatchev (which no other female gymnast could do at the time), long swing 1.5 pirouette, Giant. Anton Gadjos, in his 1997 book,"Artistic Gymnastics: A history of development" highlights Davydova's Tkatchev from the 80 Olympics
.At the time it was a skill beyond the reach of all other women gymnasts.
The New York Times noted that she “performed beautifully”.
The LA Times “A sterling performance”.
The Washington Post,”Davydova performed a fabulous routine,boldly and confidently”.
The FIG website describes this exercise as “Fantastic”.
United States Olympic book 1980,United States Olympic Committee,p. 141,”She approached the apparatus with the aplomb and poise of a gymnast several years her senior.Every move Davydova made on the uneven parallel bars was the move of a champion,a queen of all gymnasts”.
A minute after she had left the podium her score came up — 9.95. Davydova was in the lead and only Comaneci could overtake her.
Nadia Comăneci needed a score of 9.925 to tie or more than that to win the gold outright. The last time she had scored as high as this in an AA final was at the 76 Olympics
. Out of the 100 optional beam exercises performed at the 1980 Olympics only 1 scored as high as Comaneci needed. After one of her back flips Comaneci had to flail her arms for balance. She broke the connection between her aerial walkover to aerial cartwheel with a pause. Her knee bent slightly under 360 degree rotation. She landed slightly askew, taking a step back (normally a 0.1 deduction).
United States Olympic book,1980,United States Olympic Committee,p. 141,commented on Comanecis beam routine “She was good but not great”.
The controversy began when no score was registered on the scoreboard. For half an hour gymnastics stole the screen from all the other sports and even the adverts on Western TV stations were delayed. Deductions were taken in tenths by the judges, i.e. 0 if the judge thought the exercise was perfect, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 etc. The marks were 10 from the Bulgaria
n judge, 9.9 from the Czech
judge,9.8 from both the Soviet and Polish judges. With the top and bottom marks being discarded, and the remaining 2 being added together and then divided by 2, this gave Nadia Comăneci a score of 9.85. This gave her a shared silver with Maxi Gnauck. Natalia Shaposhnikova finished 4th but would have shared a silver medal with them had she scored 0.05 extra.
Head Judge on beam, Maria Simionescu of Romania
, refused to enter the score as it meant that Comaneci would not win gold. Madame Simionescu had been the Romanian women's gymnastics team coach at the 1956
, 1960
, 1964
Olympics. She had helped found the gymnastics school where Comaneci trained. Simionescu had been a friend of her since Comaneci's childhood and had given her ballet
training. She had travelled with the Romanian team numerous times and socialised with them. She would intervene again in beam event final to restrict the score of Shaposhnikova which would give Comaneci beam gold. Nadia Comăneci repeated her score of 9.85 here. Although the Romanian Head Judge delayed the score of her fellow Romanian, holding up the AA competition for 28 minutes, it was eventually registered. The other Soviet gymnasts aided by an East German and a Swedish gymnast tossed Davydova in the air in celebration.
At the 59th FIG General Assembly there was criticism of some of the judges at the 1980 Olympics.But the only Head Judge criticised – in either the men’s or women’s competition - was Simionescu.
The report which included this criticism was accepted unanimously by the 48 Federation delegate present.In 1984,before the LA Olympics,the United States Gymnastics Federation proposed “When the average score of a gymnast is 9.8 or above,the Head judge should not be permitted to have discussion with any of the other judges concerning the final score".
Comaneci had outscored Davydova by 0.45 in compulsories but Davydova outscored her in all other stages of the competition where they met. Davydova outscored her by 0.4 in optionals,0.1 in AA final, 0.3 in event finals.
Davydova appeared on the front cover of the European edition of Newsweek
magazine, issue August 4, 1980. She was voted 14th best female athlete in the world that year. In the Soviet Union
, a flower was named after the 2 Yelenas — Davydova and Naimushina.
Under the present Olympic AA scoring system — New Life — Davydova would have won the 1980 AA title by a larger margin and would have won gold on beam. In addition to the AA gold, Davydova won a gold medal with the team and a silver medal on balance beam. While recognised as the best vaulter in event finals Davydova failed to stand her second vault and thus failed to medal. This vault is described below in the paragraph on the 1981 World Championships.In 1980 the gymnasts performed 2 different vaults and the scores were averaged instead of taking the best of the 2 scores as in Montreal Olympics ef.Davydova would have won gold with her 1st vault – scoring 9.95 – if the Montreal rules had still applied. Donnerstag 215,11 September 1980,”This gymnast led the way into the future in the vault finals,where she performed a flip flop salto with a pirouette off the board”.
Davydova won AA gold exactly 2 weeks before her 19th birthday-older than nearly all recent Olympic gymnastic AA champions.
C.Robert Paul jr,first sports information Director and Director communications for the United States Olympic Committee,United States Olympic book 1980,p. 140-141,(On Davydova),”There was never a doubt about her all-around abilities.Simply stated,however,it was expected that judges,by their very nature,might favour the better known and more established international stars…But the order of finish Davydova,Gnauck and Comaneci (tie),Shaposhnikova and Kim certainly accurately reflects the relative abilities of the worlds top gymnasts”.
While there was some criticism of Davydova's victory in the general press this was mainly by reporters who did not know how gymnastics was scored < International Gymnast Magazine,IG,September 1980,p. 29>. Within the gymnastics community itself there was little doubt about the validity of Davydova's win: Nadia Comăneci
herself acknowledges "That day, Yelena just performed better"; John Goodbody wrote that Davydova was successful because of her "consistency and her willingness to take risks"- over 3 days of competition her lowest score was a 9.8; Glenn Sundby, then editor of the International Gymnast (IG) magazine, and founder member of the United States Gymnastics Federation and the International Gymnastics Hall OF Fame and the first Gymnastics World Cup; Zacharias Nikolaidis, editor of the Greek Gymnastics magazine Dynamiko; Ursel Baer, a British judge at the 80 Olympics,"Davydova richly deserved to be Olympic champion"; Elisa Estape, a Spanish coach who had all the routines filmed and evaluated praised Davydova's routines in the highest terms and said she should have won by more; Paul Williams, another British judge there,"Davydova fully deserved her gold medal, with a brilliant display of high quality work"; Maxi Gnauck's coach Juergen Heritz; Lyn Moran, assistant editor of IG and author of the book "The young Gymnasts"; Jeff Cheales, an Australian judge; Tom Ecker, author of "Olympic Facts and Fables"; Peter Shilston, columnist, British Gymnast magazine; John Rodda in his book "The Olympic Games";The Sony guide to Who’s Who in The 1984 Olympics,1984,p. 125,Edited by Dick Emery,;Frank Taylor,16 years President of the World Association of Sports Writers and author of “The Comaneci Story”;Karen Inskip-Hayward,”The Golden Decade : women’s gymnastics in the 1980s;Tony Duffy and Paul Wade Winning Women : The Changing Face Of Women in Sport,p. 96,1982;C.Robert Paul jr,first sports information Director and Director communications for the United States Olympic Committee,United States Olympic book 1980,p. 140-141.
, the 100th anniversary celebration of the International Gymnastics Federation
took place. Davydova was invited to perform her famous floor exercise which she did twice and won a standing ovation from the people present.
In August Elena won the tournament in Giresum,Turkey. She won the AA title and was top scorer on vault, bars, floor and joint top scorer on beam. She scored 10's on bars and floor. She won the AA title 0.35 ahead of Shaposhnikova,0.8 ahead of Natalia Yurchenko and 1.0 ahead of the 1980 World Cup winner Zakharova.
At the 1981 USSR Championships — the number one national championships in the world at that time — Davydova won the All-Around title plus golds on floor and vault and bronze on bars.No other national championship attracted as much interest in the gymnastics community as the USSR Championship.It was notoriously difficult to win – Latynina was twice Olympic AA champion,twice European AA champion and once World champion before winning the Soviet AA title; Shushunova won 1 World championship,1 European and 1 World Cup before winning the Soviet AA title;Turischeva had won 1 World and 1 European AA title.Others never won it despite success elsewhere e.g. Galina Rudiko World AA champion; Boginskaya,winner of 2 European and 1 World AA titles;Zakharova,winner of 2 World Cup AA titles;Olga Mostepanova,AA winner at the Alternate Olympics 1984.
Davydova also participated in the 1981 World Championships, her last major international event.The USSR won team gold.Davydova contributed more points towards the Soviet team score than anyone else. She finished third in the all-around final after an improper landing in the balance beam event. Had she not sat down on her beam dismount she would have won gold. Davydova suffered a serious neck injury in pre-competition warm up but still finished 3rd AA and was the only gymnast from any nation to make all 4 event finals.Davydova was the total points top scoring gymnast at the 1981 World Championships She won silver on floor and bronze on bars. She would have won gold on vault but was unable to stand the incredibly difficult vault of her own invention, full twist on front tuck off. Jackie Fie, the US Head Judge on vault at the 81 World championships wrote that if the other vaults were to be marked out of 10 then Davydova's one should be scored out of 10.5.Davydova’s vault was the pinnacle of the event.It was the most difficult vault of the competition – in either women's or mens gymnastics. Davydova is the only one who has done a vault that a male gymnast has not. She remains the only IOC Olympic champion, since 1980, to have competed in a World Championships after she had won the Olympic AA title.
British Gymnast magazine,January,84,p. 33,”In Olympic Panorama 1982 quoting Olga Korbut : “We perfected our saltos,pirouettes and flic-flacs.In this instance they seemed light and natural,and did not look like a bag of tricks.This is what made the audience gasp.Today this is happening more rarely,perhaps with Elena Davidova alone”.
In October 1981 International Gymnast magazine (IG) chose Davydova as the model for their new IG pin, T-shirt and circulation add. The British Gymnast magazine's readers voted Davydova gymnast of the year in 80 and 81. At the British national championships for girls in 1982 Davydova was voted the favourite gymnast amongst the gymnasts taking part and was voted second favourite in 1983.
Davydova remained on the Soviet display team until 1984 but retired from competitive gymnastics in late 1982.She was competing on vault at the Rome gymnastics Grand Prix in 82 when she damaged her ankle.Later that year the West German newspaper Die Welt noted that Elena had had a dangerous fall in training and asked “Will the case of Elena Davidova become a second case Mukhina ?”.Thankfully her injury wasn’t as serious.She didn’t want to finish Elite competition gymnastics and talked of defending her Olympic title in L.A. but it became obvious as time went on that her body could no longer stand the pounding of intense workouts.
University of Physical education and later received her doctorate in Pedagogical science at the P.F.Lesgraft State Institute of Athletic Education. The title of her thesis was "Nontraditional preparation of top gymnasts for competitions" and with it she was assisted by world famous professors of medicine Kima Ivanova and Leonid Korolev. Upon graduation, in 1987, Davydova began coaching and served as an international Brevet judge. She began her coaching career with the Leningrad Olympic reserve college and was a coach with the Soviet national gymnastics team.
Davydova married boxing coach Pavel Filatov on June 1, 1983.They have two sons, Dmitrii (born February 21, 1985) and Anton (June 28, 1995).The family moved to Canada in 1991. Davydova now works there as Head Coach with Gemini Gymnastics, a non-profit parent run club, in Oshawa, Ontario
. Some of her better known gymnasts include Stephanie Capucitti, Sarah Deegan, Danielle Hicks, Katherine Fairhurst, Kristina Vaculik, Brittnee Habbib, Kelsey Hope. She was beam coach for the Canadian women's team at the 1995 World Championships and one of the Canadian women's team coaches at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
. Davydova was twice named Gymnastics Canada Gymnastique coach of the year.
In October 2005 Elena was chosen for the Coaching Association of Canada's Women in Coaching National Team Coaching Apprenticeship Program.
In 2005,2006 and 2010 Gymnastics Canada Gymnastique awarded Elena and long-time associate coach ,Valery Yahchybekov,as the “Junior High Performance Coaches of the Year”.Gemini Gymnastics has been recognised by GCG as Club of Excellence for 10 consecutive years since the inception of the awards in 2001. In 2006 Gemini received the prestigious Gymnastics Canada Ed Broughan award for “Club of the Year”.As of 2010 Gemini have produced 14 Canadian AA champions,7 Elite Canada AA champions,17 Eastern Canada AA champions,74 Ontario provincial AA champions plus gymnasts who have won a host of other medals and awards.In September 2007 Kristina Vaculik and Rebecca Simbudhas of Gemini represented Canada at the World Championships.In April 2008 Vaculik won gold and silver World Cup trophies.She was the Canadian team reserve at the Beijing Olympics.In March 2010 Vaculik earned 2 gold and 2 silver medals at the Cottbus World Cup,an unprecedented result for Canadian Artistic women's gymnastics.
In 2005 Elena achieved the highest score on the Canadian Brevet judging course.
In June 2006 she received the FIG Coaching Brevet.As of 2007 She is 1 of only 31 female coaches worldwide to hold this Brevet and the only Olympic AA champion.
She was a judge at the 2009 World Championships.
Her parents are now retired. Her father Victor was a mechanic and her mother Tamara was employed at the Leningrad Optical and Mechanical Works. Her brother Yuri, who is 12 years younger than Davydova, still lives in Russia as well.Elena was part of the Saint Petersburg delegation which unsuccessfully tried to win the 2004 Olympic Games for that city.
have a section entitled "Some of the Gymnasts who contributed to the Major Developments". 18 female Artistic gymnasts are named of whom Davydova is one. On the IG website they feature "Legends of Gymnastics". 15 female Artistic gymnasts are profiled, one of whom is Davydova. In 1994 to commemorate the World Championships in Brisbane Australia the Australian government produced first day covers of several famous gymnasts including Davydova
In 1996 she was invited by the Atlanta organising committee to the Olympic Games where she met US President Bill Clinton.
In 2000 Elena was one of the gymnasts pictured in the International Gymnast’s (IG) Millennium calendar.
On may 11th 2007 Elena was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall Of Fame ( IGHOF) – regarded as the Nobel Prize for gymnastics - where special mention was made of her as a gymnastics innovator.
IGHOF website “Yelena Davydova cast a charm on audiences by weaving her flowing routines with cutting-edge difficulty..Davydova’s capacity to dare some of the riskiest elements was matched by her exquisite presentation”.
IGHOF video “One of the most original precise and elegant of all the legendary Soviet stars was Yelena Davydova.When she first entered the international scene it was clear she would make an impact with her clean execution and exquisite form…In the 1978 Chunichi Cup in Japan her fluid style on balance beam was becoming a trademark…In the 1980 Olympics Davydova scored no less than 9.8 on every event over the 3 days of competition to win the allaround gold medal”.
Brian Bakalar, owner and head coach at Gymnastics Revolution in Bethel
, Connecticut
, U.S. wrote on his website in 2004 that "In the late 1970s Elena Davydova first performed a skill that has become the basis for today's optional uneven bar routines — the Giant". Indeed, Davydova advanced the difficulty of gymnastics through the introduction of her moves, and is one of a select few to have introduced a new move and/or trend on each piece of apparatus. Davydova was the first female gymnast to perform a Giant and a Tkatchev on bars; a front tuck and side-somi on the beam, a round-off flic-flac
, which led to many of the different dismounts we have today; a 1½ twist, punch front combination, an Arabian 1¾ somersault, and a piked Arabian 1¾ somersault on floor (both Arabian 1¾ moves removed from the code of points for female gymnasts by the FIG
in 1993 for health and safety reasons. Effectively banned because of their danger and difficulty.This skill was also forbidden to male gymnasts at the 2010 Youth Olympics); on vault she invented the full twist-on, tucked front somersault off. This is worth 9.7 points, 25 years later today. Many gymnasts in 1980 performed the layout Tsukahara
vault, now worth 9.1 under the current Code of Points.This famous vault she invented created an entire different vault family in the COP.
Vera Atkinson,FIG World of Gymnastics,”Three of the Greatest”,March 2008,p. 8-9,”Gymnastics high tech contributor…Pundits describe Davidova’s contribution to the technical development of the sport as being unique”.
http://www.ighof.com
http://www.geocities.com/tatiana_lysenko/list.html
Voronezh
Voronezh is a city in southwestern Russia, the administrative center of Voronezh Oblast. It is located on both sides of the Voronezh River, away from where it flows into the Don. It is an operating center of the Southeastern Railway , as well as the center of the Don Highway...
, 400 miles south of Moscow), is a former Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
gymnast
Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, and balance. Internationally, all of the gymnastic sports are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique with each country having its own national governing body...
. She is the 1980 Olympic
Olympic Games
The Olympic Games is a major international event featuring summer and winter sports, in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the world’s foremost sports competition where more than 200 nations participate...
all-around champion, and is now a top coach in Canada.
Childhood training
Davydova became interested in gymnastics at age six after seeing on television the famous Soviet Olympic gold medallists Larisa Petrik and Natalia KuchinskayaNatalia Kuchinskaya
Natalia Alexandrovna Kuchinskaya , also known as Natasha Kuchinskaya is a retired Soviet Olympic gymnast....
.She practicised the splits to see if she also could do them. Deciding she wanted to be a gymnast Elena went by herself to be enrolled in Voronezh's famous Spartak
Spartak (sports society)
Spartak is the International Fitness and Sports Society of Nikolai Starostin.-Overview:Spartak was the first and the largest All-Union Voluntary Sports Society of workers of state trade, producers' cooperation, light industry, civil aviation, education, culture, health service etc...
Gymnastics school, yet was turned away, as she was very small, and considered at the time to have the wrong physique for the sport."They would call me Kobolok after the little fairytale pancake". Rather than giving up however, she secretly watched the lessons through windows and tried to imitate in the schoolyard what she had observed.
Soon a coach at the school, Gennady Korshunov, noticed her and invited into the school. He asked his wife, Ina, also a gymnastics coach at the school, to train Davydova in her group. Yuri Shtukman, the administrator at the school, did not like this initiative by his new training staff and reprimanded the Korshunovs; however he allowed Davydova to stay in the school. It soon became apparent that she was a talented gymnast and Gennady took over her coaching himself. By 1972 Davydova was the best in her age group at the school.
Young competition life
In 1973 Yelena Davydova won her first International Tournament. In 1974 she became a member of the USSR junior squad. At the 1975 USSR junior Championships Davydova finished 3rd AA and won golds on vault and bars. Following her success here she became a member of the senior squad. In March 1976 Davydova achieved 2nd place All-Around at the USSR championships,in her first try as a senior. She also won the gold on bars and a silver on floor. in the Sovetskii Sport magazine Ally Svirsky wrote "Davydova's exercise included a complex salto between the bars".She added " Davydova's routines were adorned with many original parts.For example,she took her hands off in a handstand on the high bar and changed the position of her hands.She earned a 10.0".Another Soviet paper wrote "She is so fast it looks like an aeroplane propellor is whirling".At the inaugural American Cup, Davydova astonished the gymnastics world by performing a side somersault on the beam, the first woman to do so. However, she only received 3rd place AA, due to her poor health in the match. The competition was won by Nadia ComăneciNadia Comaneci
Nadia Elena Comăneci is a Romanian gymnast, winner of three Olympic gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the first female gymnast ever to be awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event. She is also the winner of two gold medals at the 1980 Summer...
, whose gymnastics Yelena Davydova greatly admired. At the USSR Cup Davydova tied for 6th place AA — and won bronze on vault, only 0.025 behind world vault championOlga Korbut
Olga Korbut
Olga Valentinovna Korbut , also known as the Sparrow from Minsk, is a Belarusian, Soviet-born gymnast who won four gold medals and two silver medals at the Summer Olympics, in which she competed in 1972 and 1976 for the USSR team....
— but only the top 5 and one gymnast in 9th place were chosen for the Soviet Olympic team
USSR at the Summer Olympics
The Soviet Union first participated at the Olympic Games in 1952, and competed at the Games on 18 occasions since then. At seven of its nine appearances at the Summer Olympic Games, the team ranked first in the total number of medals won, it was second by this count on the other two...
. Larisa Latynina, who had won 18 Olympic medals — a record for either gender in any sport, was the senior coach for the team, and was determined to uphold the classical gymnastics tradition against the new athletic school of gymnastics as represented by Comaneci
Nadia Comaneci
Nadia Elena Comăneci is a Romanian gymnast, winner of three Olympic gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the first female gymnast ever to be awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event. She is also the winner of two gold medals at the 1980 Summer...
, Davydova and others.
In August Davydova won the Antibes
Antibes
Antibes is a resort town in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.It lies on the Mediterranean in the Côte d'Azur, located between Cannes and Nice. The town of Juan-les-Pins is within the commune of Antibes...
tournament in France by 0.6 points. In addition, she won gold on the vault, and silvers on the events beam, bars, and floor. At the Riga International Elena scored the absolute highest score of the competition ( 9.75 on vault) and won silver in the AA competition.She dominated event finals with almost a clean sweep winning 3 gold ( beam,vault,bars)and a bronze on floor.In October, she was made a member of the USSR gymnastics display team, which visited the UK. She subsequently performed her beam routine on the Blue Peter
Blue Peter
Blue Peter is the world's longest-running children's television show, having first aired in 1958. It is shown on CBBC, both in its BBC One programming block and on the CBBC channel. During its history there have been many presenters, often consisting of two women and two men at a time...
show, an educational/entertainment show for children and teenagers and, was featured in that year's Blue Peter annual.
In December of '76, Davydova finished 3rd AA at the Chunichi Cup in Japan, and won a gold on vault and a bronze on floor at the Tokyo Cup. She was the only woman in the competition to perform a front somersault vault. She also tied 1st AA with Kische and Kraker of East Germany. Kische had finished 8th AA at the Montreal Olympics. Despite the presence of Olympians such as Comaneci, Ungureanu
Teodora Ungureanu
Teodora Ungureanu is a retired Romanian gymnast who competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. She is a three-time Olympic medalist and a world silver medalist. After retirement from gymnastics she enjoyed a successful career as a gymnastics coach...
, Kim, and Grozdova
Svetlana Grozdova
Svetlana Khristoforovna Grozdova is a retired Soviet Russian gymnast.She started training in gymnastics at age 8 and was coached by Russian gymnastics coach Ruslan Lavrov in a gym in Rostov-on-Don...
in the Chunichi Cup, Davydova was described as the "most exciting performer and certainly the most happy bubbly personality". One Japanese sports commentator wrote the prediction that "It was young Yelena Davydova who deserved special attention for her super difficult exercises. She is a new infant prodigy for the Soviet Union, no less talented than Kim, Turischeva
Ludmilla Tourischeva
Ludmilla Ivanovna Tourischeva is a former Russian gymnast and a nine-time Olympic medalist for the Soviet Union.Tourischeva began gymnastics in 1965 and began competing for the Soviet team as early as in 1967...
, or Filatova
Maria Filatova
Maria Evgenievna Filatova is a retired Soviet gymnast who competed at the 1976 and 1980 Olympics.Filatova began competing for the USSR junior team in 1974...
". In 1977 Davydova again won the gold medal on bars at the USSR Cup, scoring a full 10.
In September 1977 Yelena Davydova appeared on the front cover of a new magazine with an emphasis on young gymnasts, entitled Gymnastics World. She was one of the four "Mighty Mites" featured in that issue. She was also a member of the USSR Display Team, along woth Kim, Korbut, Grosdova, Filatova and Gorbik that performed in Great Britain. The Daily Mirror programme wrote about Davydova "She is the only girl in the team who has perfected the somersault onto the beam to commence her exercise.In previous years she has held most of the national titles for girls and one time held all the junior titles of the Soviet Union".
Elena suffered a serious injury when a bone detached itself from her knee.A medical specialist told her that her injury could be repaired through surgery. Her chances of ever again competing at the highest level would be negligible. In fact it could mean she would never be a gymnast again.Coping with not being able to train a sport you love is a massive psychological hurdle for an athlete in any sport.There are no guarantees no matter how assiduous you are in terms of your rehabilitation,that you will be able to compete again,never mind broach the same level pre-injury.Elena took plenty of rest and homeopathic treatments.Her resilience and spirit won through.”When I was injured my coach believed in me and didn’t give up on me.In my mind I knew I could still be on the team.I kept going”.
She did well at school, was an avid reader,particularly world classics,history and science fiction, and enjoyed going to the cinema and theatre. Korshunov remembers “She never misses a chance of buying new books when competing in other places.Elena swallows one book after another.I see one book lying,next to her bag one day,a new one is there the next day “.She played checkers.She enjoyed going on angling trips with Viktor,her father,and Gennady. ”I like to read and listen to music ,but mostly I enjoy a few quiet hours by the water. I love to go fishing.I spend a lot of time fishing with my father or my coach, either on a lake in a boat,or on the banks of the Neva”. She enjoyed cooking and baking. As with many gymnasts she has a fondness for ice cream.
In 1978 Gennady Korshunov and his wife were invited to coach gymnastics in Leningrad
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
, the birthcity of Gennady. Yelena Davydova and her family moved along with the Korshunov family. She achieved a silver AA at the Spartakiade of Russian Federation Sports Schools meet, and bronze AA at the USSR Cup, being the top scorer on both beam and bars. Shortly after, Davydova won the AA title at the prestigious Chunichi Cup in Japan defeating Maxi Gnauck
Maxi Gnauck
Maxi Gnauck is a retired Artistic Gymnast. With a total of 27 medals at the Olympic Games, World Championships, World Cups, and European Championships she is considered one of the most successful woman gymnast that Germany has ever produced.Her parents were expecting a boy and they planned to name...
. Her win by 0.55 points remains the joint 3rd highest margin of victory in the competition's 34 year history. She also won gold on the bars and vault at the Tokyo Cup. As a result, she was chosen to be a member of the USSR team at the World Championships
1978 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 19th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Strasbourg, France, in 1978 from October 23 to October 29.The new rule was introduced: eight gymnasts competed in each of the apparatus finals....
at Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Strasbourg is the capital and principal city of the Alsace region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace are historically German-speaking,...
in France.Merely to make an USSR Team represented a huge achievement since competition for all 6 places was so fierce. However, on the day of competition she was named as an alternate, and unable to compete.Although as alternate she still received a team gold medal it was a disappointment she was not to forget.
At the 1979 Coca-Cola International in England Davydova won a gold on floor and would have shared gold on bars, but her coach blocked the line of vision of one of the judges, and she suffered the mandatory 0.3 deduction. She finished 2nd AA at the Simo Sappien memorial tournament in Finland. Yelena Davydova was unable to attend the 1979 World Championships in Fort Worth, U.S., however, because of a case of flu. At the World University Games
1979 Summer Universiade
The 1979 Summer Universiade, also known as the X Summer Universiade, took place in Mexico City, Mexico.-Medal table:...
in Mexico she won team gold, 3rd AA, and a silver medal on floor and bronze on vault in event finals.
In 1979 Olga Korbut
Olga Korbut
Olga Valentinovna Korbut , also known as the Sparrow from Minsk, is a Belarusian, Soviet-born gymnast who won four gold medals and two silver medals at the Summer Olympics, in which she competed in 1972 and 1976 for the USSR team....
named Davydova, Stella Zakharova
Stella Zakharova
Stella Zakharova is a retired gymnast who competed internationally for the former Soviet Union between 1977 and 1982. She was an Olympic and World Championship gold medalist in team competitions, and won individual all-around titles at other events.Zakharova won her first all-around championship...
, and Natalia Shaposhnikova
Natalia Shaposhnikova
Natalia Vitalyevna Shaposhnikova , , married name Natalia Sout, was a Soviet gymnast, two-time Olympic Champion, Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR. She was born in Rostov on Don, Russian SFSR. She was known for her risky and original skills along with her expressive choreography, especially on...
as the three most promising young gymnasts.
Full-fledged Olympian
At the 1980 Moscow NewsMoscow News
The Moscow News, which began publication in 1930, is Russia’s oldest English-language publication newspaper. Many of its feature articles used to be translated from the now defunct Russian Moskovskiye Novosti.-History:...
Tournament Davydova amazed the experts again by performing a full-on, full off vault. This vault had only ever been done before by Olga Korbut..Josef Goehler,vice-president of the West German gymnastics federation wrote in IG,July 1980,p. 30, “Elena Davidova caused a stir at the Moscow News Tournament when she got into Olga Korbut’s footsteps in horse-vaulting:she did a full twist in pre-flight,and in the second flight phase,with a handspring body extended,another twist of 360 degrees around the body length axis.Lets just recall that Olga Korbut did that “Korbut twist” for the first time at the World Championships at Varna 1974 and won the title of world vault champion with it.It took years until we now have another gymnast who tries and risks this element of top virtuosity with perfect body control”.Davydova won a gold and 3 silver at the Moscow News Tournament. At the 1980 USSR Championships in April in Kiev Davydova won gold on vault- unveiling her unique vault full twist on,front somi off and scoring a 10 - and finished 3rd AA.
The Soviet Olympic gymnastics team was to be chosen after the USSR Cup competition in Moscow June 19–22. For gymnasts of this generation it was a make-or-break contest.The judges and Soviet officials wanted to determine whose gymnastics would stand up best under the extremely high pressure conditions that would exist at the Olympics.It was run according to procedures for the Olympic Games – a full 4 day competition of compulsories, optionals, AA and event finals. Elena had finished joint 6th at the 1976 USSR Cup but that turned out to be insufficient to be placed on the squad. She knew this time only a top 3 place would give her a spot on the team. Davydova won it comfortably and scored a 10 on floor. She finished 0.5 ahead of her nearest rival, Natalia Shaposhnikova
Natalia Shaposhnikova
Natalia Vitalyevna Shaposhnikova , , married name Natalia Sout, was a Soviet gymnast, two-time Olympic Champion, Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR. She was born in Rostov on Don, Russian SFSR. She was known for her risky and original skills along with her expressive choreography, especially on...
,0.8 ahead of Zakharova, nearly a full 1.0 ahead of Filatova and a galactic 3.375 ahead of Mukhina.
Just before the Olympics, the Romanian Head Coach Béla Károlyi
Béla Károlyi
Béla Károlyi is a Romanian gymnastics coach. He was born in what was then Kolozsvár, Hungary, a region restored to Romanian administration after 1944. Károlyi and his wife, Márta, also of Hungarian origin, emigrated to the United States in 1981 and both have dual citizenships for Romania and the...
named Davydova as Nadia Comăneci
Nadia Comaneci
Nadia Elena Comăneci is a Romanian gymnast, winner of three Olympic gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the first female gymnast ever to be awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event. She is also the winner of two gold medals at the 1980 Summer...
's main rival for the Olympic title. Frank Taylor, 16 years President of the World Association of Sports Writers and author of "The Comaneci Story", went one step further and predicted Davydova would be the winner. BBC radio
BBC Radio
BBC Radio is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal Charter since 1927. For a history of BBC radio prior to 1927 see British Broadcasting Company...
reported on podium training at the Olympics, discussing the established stars but added that on the basis of what they had seen they advised viewers to watch out for Yelena Davydova, and that if she performed as well as in training, then she would take gold for her daring routines.
Missing from the 1980 Olympics
1980 Summer Olympics
The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Moscow in the Soviet Union. In addition, the yachting events were held in Tallinn, and some of the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of the football tournament...
was the 1978 World Champion, Elena Mukhina
Elena Mukhina
Elena Vyacheslavovna Mukhina , born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, was a former Soviet gymnast who won the All-Around title at the 1978 World Championships at Strasbourg, France...
, who had been paralysed after an accident while training. She was unable to speak for 6 months and remained in a wheelchair until her death in December 2006. Davydova kept in contact with her and Mukhina described her as "a real friend".
Mukhina was not expected to be on the USSR team.In 1979 she had broken her leg and it didn't set right.She was unable to master her old skills.In the spring of 1980 the Soviets split the senior elites into 2 groups - those who were on the Olympic squad and those that weren't.Mukhina had not competed for the first 6 months of 1980 until she finished 14th AA at the USSR Cup.Mukhina was in the 2nd group training in Minsk when the accident happened.
In the team competition — whose scores counted towards both AA medals and event finals — Davydova was hampered by performing 4th for her team before Kim
Nellie Kim
Nellie Vladimirovna Kim is a retired Soviet gymnast who won three gold medals and a silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, and two gold medals at the 1980 Summer Olympics...
and Shaposhnikova
Natalia Shaposhnikova
Natalia Vitalyevna Shaposhnikova , , married name Natalia Sout, was a Soviet gymnast, two-time Olympic Champion, Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR. She was born in Rostov on Don, Russian SFSR. She was known for her risky and original skills along with her expressive choreography, especially on...
— Comaneci
Nadia Comaneci
Nadia Elena Comăneci is a Romanian gymnast, winner of three Olympic gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the first female gymnast ever to be awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event. She is also the winner of two gold medals at the 1980 Summer...
and Gnauck
Maxi Gnauck
Maxi Gnauck is a retired Artistic Gymnast. With a total of 27 medals at the Olympic Games, World Championships, World Cups, and European Championships she is considered one of the most successful woman gymnast that Germany has ever produced.Her parents were expecting a boy and they planned to name...
performed 6th for their respective teams. The scores tend to rise with each routine — known as the staircase effect — giving the gymnasts performing last for their team a head start when it came to scoring.
Only 3 members out of 6 from any team could go through to the All-Around final and only 2 to an event final. Davydova qualified for two event finals — beam and vault — but it is believed would have qualified for bars and floor event finals also, had she competed last for her team instead of 4th on the list.
Nadia Comăneci scored a 10 on beam in compulsories, her first perfect score on beam in a major competition since 1977. Yelena Davydova performed very solidly, scoring 39.4, but finished the first day in 7th place behind 3 of her own teammates and equal with another. The leaders were Comaneci and Shaposhnikova, both scoring 39.85. At this stage of the competition in Montreal 76
1976 Summer Olympics
The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1976. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, over the bids of Moscow and...
Comaneci had scored 39.35.
In the optional exercises Davydova came into her own, outscoring all her teammates and meriting a 10 on floor. Barbara Slater, who had been a British gymnast in Montreal
1976 Summer Olympics
The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1976. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, over the bids of Moscow and...
and was a TV commentator in 1980, described Davydova's floor exercise as the "performance of the Olympics". Nik Stuart, 9 times British AA champion and the first British national coach, stated that "Her floor exercise is the most complex ever designed for a female gymnast, full of difficulty and fluidity". US gymnast Karen Le Mond stated that Davydova's FX had "harder tumbling passes than the best 10 has ever had". Another commentator wrote"No gymnast of either sex has ever attempted so complicated or complex a routine".The FIG website praises her "delightful dance movements". Glenn Sundby
Glenn Sundby
Glenn Marlin Sundby was the founder of Modern Gymnast magazine and the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame...
, editor of International Gymnast magazine, commented that "Davydova would have won anywhere on this earth with that floor routine".This routine is also praised in Michael Murphy's 1992 book "The Future of The Body".This was only the 2nd time a perfect score of 10 had been scored on fx at an Olympics; it was the 1st ever 10 scored in team optionals fx and the only 10 scored on fx – in either women’s or men’s gymnastics – at the 1980 Olympics.
During this part of the competition Nadia Comăneci fell from bars attempting a Hecht 1/2,a move she had also fallen from at the 1979 World Cup. The judges gave her a 9.5,which means she would have scored a 10 without the fall. Comaneci scored 39.2.
All-Around Olympic Champion
Thursday July 24 began the All-Around final. Davydova began in 5th place. In first place was Gnauck, East Germany, then Shaposhnikova USSR, 3rd Eberle RomaniaRomania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, 4th Comaneci Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
. Davydova began on beam, Gnauck on bars, Comaneci on floor — a disadvantage for Davydova because there is such a premium of accuracy in the beam exercise that the gymnast prefers to be fully attuned to the rigours of that days competition before attempting it.On a later occasion Bela Karolyi said “To start with the balance beam,that is like a ditch,a hell”.Early jitters can be magnified into disasters.
There were only 4 routines left for each gymnast to compete. With 2 down and 2 to go the places were now: Gnauck 1st, Davydova 2nd, Shaposhnikova and Comaneci joint 3rd. Nadia Comăneci then scored a 10 on bars, the only gymnast to receive a perfect score that night. (It was her first perfect score on bars in a major competition since the 1976 Olympics). Neil Admur, New York Times, July 25, 1980, A17, "The drama on the final rotation added to the suspense. Miss Gnauck was second among the 9 gymnasts on the vault, Miss Davydova seventh on the bars and Miss Comaneci eight on the beam". Maxi Gnauck held the lead until her last routine when she vaulted insecurely. She scored 9.7, on a vault with a start value of 9.9, the same as she had scored for this vault at 1979 European Championships in Denmark and 79 World Championships in United States.Barry Lorge,Washington Post,July 25, 1980,p. 9,”Gnauck,first of the contenders up in the fourth and final rotation.Her first vault looked good but was too safe : 9.7.She knew she had to do better but she buckled on the landing of her second vault”.Peter Aykroyd,International Gymnastics : Sport,Art or Science ?,1987,p. 68,”She went into the all-round finals with a slight lead,but weak vaulting lost her this advantage”.
Yelena Davydova had scored 9.85 on beam, 9.95 on floor (Comaneci has described Davydova's routine as "Excellent"), 9.9 on vault. She now had her bars exercise left to compete. Only a great exercise would be good enough. But bars had a casualty list of high profile gymnasts - Nadia Comăneci and Dumitriţa Turner
Dumitrita Turner
Dumitriţa Turner is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast who represented Romania at the 1980 Olympic Games. She is a world champion on vault, a world gold medalist with the team and an Olympic silver medalist.-References:...
had fallen during the team competition, Věra Čáslavská
Vera Cáslavská
Věra Čáslavská is a Czech gymnast. Blonde, cheerful and possessing impressive stage presence, she was generally popular with the public and won a total of 22 international titles...
fell at 64 Olympics event final, Natalia Kuchinskaya
Natalia Kuchinskaya
Natalia Alexandrovna Kuchinskaya , also known as Natasha Kuchinskaya is a retired Soviet Olympic gymnast....
at 67 Europeans, Kuchinskaya fell at 68 Olympics, Korbut lost her chance of being Olympic AA champion in 72, losing the gold medal and finishing 7th, Tourischeva
Ludmilla Tourischeva
Ludmilla Ivanovna Tourischeva is a former Russian gymnast and a nine-time Olympic medalist for the Soviet Union.Tourischeva began gymnastics in 1965 and began competing for the Soviet team as early as in 1967...
in 75 Europeans, Kim
Nellie Kim
Nellie Vladimirovna Kim is a retired Soviet gymnast who won three gold medals and a silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, and two gold medals at the 1980 Summer Olympics...
and Korbut
Olga Korbut
Olga Valentinovna Korbut , also known as the Sparrow from Minsk, is a Belarusian, Soviet-born gymnast who won four gold medals and two silver medals at the Summer Olympics, in which she competed in 1972 and 1976 for the USSR team....
76 Olympics
1976 Summer Olympics
The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1976. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, over the bids of Moscow and...
event final, Elena Naimushina and Nadia
Nadia Comaneci
Nadia Elena Comăneci is a Romanian gymnast, winner of three Olympic gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the first female gymnast ever to be awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event. She is also the winner of two gold medals at the 1980 Summer...
79 Europeans, Comaneci at 79 World Cup, Shaposhnikova, Zakharova and Filatova 79 Worlds,Filatova's fall costing her the silver AA medal. A mistake by Davydova would result in gold for either Gnauck or Comaneci
Nadia Comaneci
Nadia Elena Comăneci is a Romanian gymnast, winner of three Olympic gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the first female gymnast ever to be awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event. She is also the winner of two gold medals at the 1980 Summer...
. Davydova's exercise included a Tkatchev (which no other female gymnast could do at the time), long swing 1.5 pirouette, Giant. Anton Gadjos, in his 1997 book,"Artistic Gymnastics: A history of development" highlights Davydova's Tkatchev from the 80 Olympics
1980 Summer Olympics
The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Moscow in the Soviet Union. In addition, the yachting events were held in Tallinn, and some of the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of the football tournament...
.At the time it was a skill beyond the reach of all other women gymnasts.
The New York Times noted that she “performed beautifully”.
The LA Times “A sterling performance”.
The Washington Post,”Davydova performed a fabulous routine,boldly and confidently”.
The FIG website describes this exercise as “Fantastic”.
United States Olympic book 1980,United States Olympic Committee,p. 141,”She approached the apparatus with the aplomb and poise of a gymnast several years her senior.Every move Davydova made on the uneven parallel bars was the move of a champion,a queen of all gymnasts”.
A minute after she had left the podium her score came up — 9.95. Davydova was in the lead and only Comaneci could overtake her.
Nadia Comăneci needed a score of 9.925 to tie or more than that to win the gold outright. The last time she had scored as high as this in an AA final was at the 76 Olympics
1976 Summer Olympics
The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1976. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, over the bids of Moscow and...
. Out of the 100 optional beam exercises performed at the 1980 Olympics only 1 scored as high as Comaneci needed. After one of her back flips Comaneci had to flail her arms for balance. She broke the connection between her aerial walkover to aerial cartwheel with a pause. Her knee bent slightly under 360 degree rotation. She landed slightly askew, taking a step back (normally a 0.1 deduction).
United States Olympic book,1980,United States Olympic Committee,p. 141,commented on Comanecis beam routine “She was good but not great”.
The controversy began when no score was registered on the scoreboard. For half an hour gymnastics stole the screen from all the other sports and even the adverts on Western TV stations were delayed. Deductions were taken in tenths by the judges, i.e. 0 if the judge thought the exercise was perfect, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 etc. The marks were 10 from the Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
n judge, 9.9 from the Czech
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
judge,9.8 from both the Soviet and Polish judges. With the top and bottom marks being discarded, and the remaining 2 being added together and then divided by 2, this gave Nadia Comăneci a score of 9.85. This gave her a shared silver with Maxi Gnauck. Natalia Shaposhnikova finished 4th but would have shared a silver medal with them had she scored 0.05 extra.
Head Judge on beam, Maria Simionescu of Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, refused to enter the score as it meant that Comaneci would not win gold. Madame Simionescu had been the Romanian women's gymnastics team coach at the 1956
1956 Summer Olympics
The 1956 Melbourne Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in Melbourne, Australia, in 1956, with the exception of the equestrian events, which could not be held in Australia due to quarantine regulations...
, 1960
1960 Summer Olympics
The 1960 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held from August 25 to September 11, 1960 in Rome, Italy...
, 1964
1964 Summer Olympics
The 1964 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan in 1964. Tokyo had been awarded with the organization of the 1940 Summer Olympics, but this honor was subsequently passed to Helsinki because of Japan's...
Olympics. She had helped found the gymnastics school where Comaneci trained. Simionescu had been a friend of her since Comaneci's childhood and had given her ballet
Ballet
Ballet is a type of performance dance, that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century, and which was further developed in France and Russia as a concert dance form. The early portions preceded the invention of the proscenium stage and were presented in large chambers with...
training. She had travelled with the Romanian team numerous times and socialised with them. She would intervene again in beam event final to restrict the score of Shaposhnikova which would give Comaneci beam gold. Nadia Comăneci repeated her score of 9.85 here. Although the Romanian Head Judge delayed the score of her fellow Romanian, holding up the AA competition for 28 minutes, it was eventually registered. The other Soviet gymnasts aided by an East German and a Swedish gymnast tossed Davydova in the air in celebration.
At the 59th FIG General Assembly there was criticism of some of the judges at the 1980 Olympics.But the only Head Judge criticised – in either the men’s or women’s competition - was Simionescu.
The report which included this criticism was accepted unanimously by the 48 Federation delegate present.In 1984,before the LA Olympics,the United States Gymnastics Federation proposed “When the average score of a gymnast is 9.8 or above,the Head judge should not be permitted to have discussion with any of the other judges concerning the final score".
Comaneci had outscored Davydova by 0.45 in compulsories but Davydova outscored her in all other stages of the competition where they met. Davydova outscored her by 0.4 in optionals,0.1 in AA final, 0.3 in event finals.
Davydova appeared on the front cover of the European edition of Newsweek
Newsweek
Newsweek is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It is distributed throughout the United States and internationally. It is the second-largest news weekly magazine in the U.S., having trailed Time in circulation and advertising revenue for most of its existence...
magazine, issue August 4, 1980. She was voted 14th best female athlete in the world that year. In the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, a flower was named after the 2 Yelenas — Davydova and Naimushina.
Under the present Olympic AA scoring system — New Life — Davydova would have won the 1980 AA title by a larger margin and would have won gold on beam. In addition to the AA gold, Davydova won a gold medal with the team and a silver medal on balance beam. While recognised as the best vaulter in event finals Davydova failed to stand her second vault and thus failed to medal. This vault is described below in the paragraph on the 1981 World Championships.In 1980 the gymnasts performed 2 different vaults and the scores were averaged instead of taking the best of the 2 scores as in Montreal Olympics ef.Davydova would have won gold with her 1st vault – scoring 9.95 – if the Montreal rules had still applied. Donnerstag 215,11 September 1980,”This gymnast led the way into the future in the vault finals,where she performed a flip flop salto with a pirouette off the board”.
Davydova won AA gold exactly 2 weeks before her 19th birthday-older than nearly all recent Olympic gymnastic AA champions.
C.Robert Paul jr,first sports information Director and Director communications for the United States Olympic Committee,United States Olympic book 1980,p. 140-141,(On Davydova),”There was never a doubt about her all-around abilities.Simply stated,however,it was expected that judges,by their very nature,might favour the better known and more established international stars…But the order of finish Davydova,Gnauck and Comaneci (tie),Shaposhnikova and Kim certainly accurately reflects the relative abilities of the worlds top gymnasts”.
While there was some criticism of Davydova's victory in the general press this was mainly by reporters who did not know how gymnastics was scored < International Gymnast Magazine,IG,September 1980,p. 29>. Within the gymnastics community itself there was little doubt about the validity of Davydova's win: Nadia Comăneci
Nadia Comaneci
Nadia Elena Comăneci is a Romanian gymnast, winner of three Olympic gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and the first female gymnast ever to be awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event. She is also the winner of two gold medals at the 1980 Summer...
herself acknowledges "That day, Yelena just performed better"; John Goodbody wrote that Davydova was successful because of her "consistency and her willingness to take risks"- over 3 days of competition her lowest score was a 9.8; Glenn Sundby, then editor of the International Gymnast (IG) magazine, and founder member of the United States Gymnastics Federation and the International Gymnastics Hall OF Fame and the first Gymnastics World Cup; Zacharias Nikolaidis, editor of the Greek Gymnastics magazine Dynamiko; Ursel Baer, a British judge at the 80 Olympics,"Davydova richly deserved to be Olympic champion"; Elisa Estape, a Spanish coach who had all the routines filmed and evaluated praised Davydova's routines in the highest terms and said she should have won by more; Paul Williams, another British judge there,"Davydova fully deserved her gold medal, with a brilliant display of high quality work"; Maxi Gnauck's coach Juergen Heritz; Lyn Moran, assistant editor of IG and author of the book "The young Gymnasts"; Jeff Cheales, an Australian judge; Tom Ecker, author of "Olympic Facts and Fables"; Peter Shilston, columnist, British Gymnast magazine; John Rodda in his book "The Olympic Games";The Sony guide to Who’s Who in The 1984 Olympics,1984,p. 125,Edited by Dick Emery,;Frank Taylor,16 years President of the World Association of Sports Writers and author of “The Comaneci Story”;Karen Inskip-Hayward,”The Golden Decade : women’s gymnastics in the 1980s;Tony Duffy and Paul Wade Winning Women : The Changing Face Of Women in Sport,p. 96,1982;C.Robert Paul jr,first sports information Director and Director communications for the United States Olympic Committee,United States Olympic book 1980,p. 140-141.
Post-Olympic sports achievements
On July 3, 1981 in MontreuxMontreux
Montreux is a municipality in the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.It is located on Lake Geneva at the foot of the Alps and has a population, , of and nearly 90,000 in the agglomeration.- History :...
, the 100th anniversary celebration of the International Gymnastics Federation
Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique
The Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique or International Federation of Gymnastics is the governing body of competitive gymnastics. Its headquarters is in Lausanne, Switzerland. It was founded on July 23, 1881 in Liège, Belgium, making it the oldest international sport organisation...
took place. Davydova was invited to perform her famous floor exercise which she did twice and won a standing ovation from the people present.
In August Elena won the tournament in Giresum,Turkey. She won the AA title and was top scorer on vault, bars, floor and joint top scorer on beam. She scored 10's on bars and floor. She won the AA title 0.35 ahead of Shaposhnikova,0.8 ahead of Natalia Yurchenko and 1.0 ahead of the 1980 World Cup winner Zakharova.
At the 1981 USSR Championships — the number one national championships in the world at that time — Davydova won the All-Around title plus golds on floor and vault and bronze on bars.No other national championship attracted as much interest in the gymnastics community as the USSR Championship.It was notoriously difficult to win – Latynina was twice Olympic AA champion,twice European AA champion and once World champion before winning the Soviet AA title; Shushunova won 1 World championship,1 European and 1 World Cup before winning the Soviet AA title;Turischeva had won 1 World and 1 European AA title.Others never won it despite success elsewhere e.g. Galina Rudiko World AA champion; Boginskaya,winner of 2 European and 1 World AA titles;Zakharova,winner of 2 World Cup AA titles;Olga Mostepanova,AA winner at the Alternate Olympics 1984.
Davydova also participated in the 1981 World Championships, her last major international event.The USSR won team gold.Davydova contributed more points towards the Soviet team score than anyone else. She finished third in the all-around final after an improper landing in the balance beam event. Had she not sat down on her beam dismount she would have won gold. Davydova suffered a serious neck injury in pre-competition warm up but still finished 3rd AA and was the only gymnast from any nation to make all 4 event finals.Davydova was the total points top scoring gymnast at the 1981 World Championships She won silver on floor and bronze on bars. She would have won gold on vault but was unable to stand the incredibly difficult vault of her own invention, full twist on front tuck off. Jackie Fie, the US Head Judge on vault at the 81 World championships wrote that if the other vaults were to be marked out of 10 then Davydova's one should be scored out of 10.5.Davydova’s vault was the pinnacle of the event.It was the most difficult vault of the competition – in either women's or mens gymnastics. Davydova is the only one who has done a vault that a male gymnast has not. She remains the only IOC Olympic champion, since 1980, to have competed in a World Championships after she had won the Olympic AA title.
British Gymnast magazine,January,84,p. 33,”In Olympic Panorama 1982 quoting Olga Korbut : “We perfected our saltos,pirouettes and flic-flacs.In this instance they seemed light and natural,and did not look like a bag of tricks.This is what made the audience gasp.Today this is happening more rarely,perhaps with Elena Davidova alone”.
In October 1981 International Gymnast magazine (IG) chose Davydova as the model for their new IG pin, T-shirt and circulation add. The British Gymnast magazine's readers voted Davydova gymnast of the year in 80 and 81. At the British national championships for girls in 1982 Davydova was voted the favourite gymnast amongst the gymnasts taking part and was voted second favourite in 1983.
Davydova remained on the Soviet display team until 1984 but retired from competitive gymnastics in late 1982.She was competing on vault at the Rome gymnastics Grand Prix in 82 when she damaged her ankle.Later that year the West German newspaper Die Welt noted that Elena had had a dangerous fall in training and asked “Will the case of Elena Davidova become a second case Mukhina ?”.Thankfully her injury wasn’t as serious.She didn’t want to finish Elite competition gymnastics and talked of defending her Olympic title in L.A. but it became obvious as time went on that her body could no longer stand the pounding of intense workouts.
Life after retirement from sports
Yelena Davydova attended the LeningradSaint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
University of Physical education and later received her doctorate in Pedagogical science at the P.F.Lesgraft State Institute of Athletic Education. The title of her thesis was "Nontraditional preparation of top gymnasts for competitions" and with it she was assisted by world famous professors of medicine Kima Ivanova and Leonid Korolev. Upon graduation, in 1987, Davydova began coaching and served as an international Brevet judge. She began her coaching career with the Leningrad Olympic reserve college and was a coach with the Soviet national gymnastics team.
Davydova married boxing coach Pavel Filatov on June 1, 1983.They have two sons, Dmitrii (born February 21, 1985) and Anton (June 28, 1995).The family moved to Canada in 1991. Davydova now works there as Head Coach with Gemini Gymnastics, a non-profit parent run club, in Oshawa, Ontario
Oshawa, Ontario
Oshawa is a city in Ontario, Canada, on the Lake Ontario shoreline. It lies in Southern Ontario approximately 60 kilometres east of downtown Toronto. It is commonly viewed as the eastern anchor of both the Greater Toronto Area and the Golden Horseshoe. It is now commonly referred to as the most...
. Some of her better known gymnasts include Stephanie Capucitti, Sarah Deegan, Danielle Hicks, Katherine Fairhurst, Kristina Vaculik, Brittnee Habbib, Kelsey Hope. She was beam coach for the Canadian women's team at the 1995 World Championships and one of the Canadian women's team coaches at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games is an international, multi-sport event involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. The event was first held in 1930 and takes place every four years....
. Davydova was twice named Gymnastics Canada Gymnastique coach of the year.
In October 2005 Elena was chosen for the Coaching Association of Canada's Women in Coaching National Team Coaching Apprenticeship Program.
In 2005,2006 and 2010 Gymnastics Canada Gymnastique awarded Elena and long-time associate coach ,Valery Yahchybekov,as the “Junior High Performance Coaches of the Year”.Gemini Gymnastics has been recognised by GCG as Club of Excellence for 10 consecutive years since the inception of the awards in 2001. In 2006 Gemini received the prestigious Gymnastics Canada Ed Broughan award for “Club of the Year”.As of 2010 Gemini have produced 14 Canadian AA champions,7 Elite Canada AA champions,17 Eastern Canada AA champions,74 Ontario provincial AA champions plus gymnasts who have won a host of other medals and awards.In September 2007 Kristina Vaculik and Rebecca Simbudhas of Gemini represented Canada at the World Championships.In April 2008 Vaculik won gold and silver World Cup trophies.She was the Canadian team reserve at the Beijing Olympics.In March 2010 Vaculik earned 2 gold and 2 silver medals at the Cottbus World Cup,an unprecedented result for Canadian Artistic women's gymnastics.
In 2005 Elena achieved the highest score on the Canadian Brevet judging course.
In June 2006 she received the FIG Coaching Brevet.As of 2007 She is 1 of only 31 female coaches worldwide to hold this Brevet and the only Olympic AA champion.
She was a judge at the 2009 World Championships.
Her parents are now retired. Her father Victor was a mechanic and her mother Tamara was employed at the Leningrad Optical and Mechanical Works. Her brother Yuri, who is 12 years younger than Davydova, still lives in Russia as well.Elena was part of the Saint Petersburg delegation which unsuccessfully tried to win the 2004 Olympic Games for that city.
Acknowledgements in the recent times
In its 1991 publication, Objectif An 2000,the FIGFédération Internationale de Gymnastique
The Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique or International Federation of Gymnastics is the governing body of competitive gymnastics. Its headquarters is in Lausanne, Switzerland. It was founded on July 23, 1881 in Liège, Belgium, making it the oldest international sport organisation...
have a section entitled "Some of the Gymnasts who contributed to the Major Developments". 18 female Artistic gymnasts are named of whom Davydova is one. On the IG website they feature "Legends of Gymnastics". 15 female Artistic gymnasts are profiled, one of whom is Davydova. In 1994 to commemorate the World Championships in Brisbane Australia the Australian government produced first day covers of several famous gymnasts including Davydova
In 1996 she was invited by the Atlanta organising committee to the Olympic Games where she met US President Bill Clinton.
In 2000 Elena was one of the gymnasts pictured in the International Gymnast’s (IG) Millennium calendar.
On may 11th 2007 Elena was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall Of Fame ( IGHOF) – regarded as the Nobel Prize for gymnastics - where special mention was made of her as a gymnastics innovator.
IGHOF website “Yelena Davydova cast a charm on audiences by weaving her flowing routines with cutting-edge difficulty..Davydova’s capacity to dare some of the riskiest elements was matched by her exquisite presentation”.
IGHOF video “One of the most original precise and elegant of all the legendary Soviet stars was Yelena Davydova.When she first entered the international scene it was clear she would make an impact with her clean execution and exquisite form…In the 1978 Chunichi Cup in Japan her fluid style on balance beam was becoming a trademark…In the 1980 Olympics Davydova scored no less than 9.8 on every event over the 3 days of competition to win the allaround gold medal”.
Special skills
In terms of difficulty Elena advanced the sport of gymnastics extended its limits and is one of a select few to have introduced a new move and/or trend on each piece of apparatus.Brian Bakalar, owner and head coach at Gymnastics Revolution in Bethel
Bethel
Bethel was a border city described in the Hebrew Bible as being located between Benjamin and Ephraim...
, Connecticut
Connecticut
Connecticut is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south .Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately...
, U.S. wrote on his website in 2004 that "In the late 1970s Elena Davydova first performed a skill that has become the basis for today's optional uneven bar routines — the Giant". Indeed, Davydova advanced the difficulty of gymnastics through the introduction of her moves, and is one of a select few to have introduced a new move and/or trend on each piece of apparatus. Davydova was the first female gymnast to perform a Giant and a Tkatchev on bars; a front tuck and side-somi on the beam, a round-off flic-flac
Handspring (gymnastics)
A handspring is an acrobatic move in which a person executes a complete revolution of the body by lunging headfirst from an upright position into a handstand and then pushing off from the floor with the hands so as to leap back to an upright position. Handsprings are performed in various physical...
, which led to many of the different dismounts we have today; a 1½ twist, punch front combination, an Arabian 1¾ somersault, and a piked Arabian 1¾ somersault on floor (both Arabian 1¾ moves removed from the code of points for female gymnasts by the FIG
FIG
FIG may refer to:*Common fig, a large, deciduous shrub native to southwest Asia and the eastern Mediterranean region.*Ficus, a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs in the family Moraceae.-Acronym:* Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique...
in 1993 for health and safety reasons. Effectively banned because of their danger and difficulty.This skill was also forbidden to male gymnasts at the 2010 Youth Olympics); on vault she invented the full twist-on, tucked front somersault off. This is worth 9.7 points, 25 years later today. Many gymnasts in 1980 performed the layout Tsukahara
Mitsuo Tsukahara
Mitsuo Tsukahara is a Japanese artistic gymnast. He was five times an Olympic Gold Medalist. His remained active in the sport after his retirement from competition...
vault, now worth 9.1 under the current Code of Points.This famous vault she invented created an entire different vault family in the COP.
Vera Atkinson,FIG World of Gymnastics,”Three of the Greatest”,March 2008,p. 8-9,”Gymnastics high tech contributor…Pundits describe Davidova’s contribution to the technical development of the sport as being unique”.
Achievements (non-Olympic)
| Year | Event | AA | Team | VT | UB | BB | FX |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | USSR Championships | 2nd | 3rd | ||||
| 1977 | USSR Championships | 1st | |||||
| 1978 | USSR Championships | 3rd | |||||
| USSR Cup | 3rd | ||||||
| 1980 | USSR Championships | 1st | |||||
| USSR Cup | 1st | ||||||
| 1981 | World Championships 1981 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships The 21st Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Moscow, the capital of the USSR, in 1981.-Medals:-All-around:- Floor exercise :-Pommel horse:-Rings:-Vault:-Parallel bars:-Horizontal bar:-Team final:-All-around:... |
3rd | 1st | 3rd | 2nd | ||
| USSR Championships | 1st | 1st | 3rd | 1st |
On-line sources
http://www.geminigymnastics.comhttp://www.ighof.com
http://www.geocities.com/tatiana_lysenko/list.html
Off-line sources
- International Gymnast magazine
- February 1077 p. 28-30
- July 1980 p. 30
- August 1980 p. 26
- September 1980 p. 6,15,29.
- October 1980 p. 11,21
- November 1980 p. 30-31
- December 1980 p. 48-50,62,70.
- March 1981 p. 6
- August 1981 p. 42-43
- January 1982 p. 28
- March 1982 p. 75
- January 1998 p. 49
- July/August 2007 p. 36
- July/August 2010 p 19,29.
- British Gymnast magazine
- September 1980 p. 7,11,13-15,21-24,26,31
- April 1981 p. 11,21-24
- September 1981 p. 29
- November 1981 p. 25
- FIG World Gymnastics magazine
- Vol 2,num 3
- Vol 3,num 1
- Vol 4,num 1.
- March 2008,p. 8-9.
- FIG Bulletin May 1983.
- Daily Mirror Official Programme USSR Display Team 1977 and 1980.
- Soviet Gymnastic Stars, Vladimir Golubev,1979,p. 163,207.
- 638 Olympic Champions, Valeri Steinbach,1984,p. 217,218.
- Wonderful moment of victory,1983,p. 8 -14.
- Artistic Gymnastics: A history of development, Anton Gadjos,1997,p. 264,265.
- Winning Women : The Changing Face Of Women in Sport,p. 96,Tony Duffy and Paul Wade,ISBN 0356094396.
- The Golden Decade : women's gymnastics in the 1980s - volume 1 - 1980-1984,Karen Inskip-Hayward.
- The United States Olympic Book 1980,published by United States Olympic Committee.