Yevgenia Bosch
Encyclopedia
Yevgenia Bosch (August 23, 1879—January 5, 1925) was a Bolshevik
activist, politician
, and member of the Soviet government in Ukraine during the revolutionary period earlier in the 20th century.
, in the Kherson Governorate
of the Russian Empire
, but some records have another information - village of Adjigol, Odessa uyezd, Kherson Governorate
in a family of a German colonist, mechanic, and landowner Gotlieb Meisch and Bessarabia
n noblewoman Maria Krusser. For three years Yevgenia attended Voznesensk
Female Gymnasium. During that time she married the owner of a local small wagon shop, Peter Bosch.
(RSDLP) and after the II Party Congress became a bolshevik
. She tried to educate herself while raising her two daughters. In 1907 she divorced her husband and moved to Kiev
. In Kiev she established contact with local bolshevik
faction and together with her younger sister Elena Rozmirovich (future wife of Nikolai Krylenko
, chekist) conducted underground revolutionary activities. In 1911 Bosch is the secretary of the Kiev Committee of the RSDLP(b
) exchanging letter with Lenin and Krupskaya. In April 1912 she was arrested and imprisoned in one of the Yekaterinoslav's prisons. There her health worsened as she had inborn heart and lung disease. The Kiev Court Chamber convicted her to life-term exile in Siberia
while she suffered from tuberculosis
.
The fate was merciful to her nevertheless as she together with other convicted bolsheviks (Pyatakov
) managed to escape from Kachuga volost, Upper-Lena uyezd, Irkutsk Governorate first to Vladivostok
, and then with a short stint in Japan
to the United States
. Later Bosch moved to Switzerland
where she took part in the Bern conference. There together with Georgy Pyatakov
they established the so called Bogie group (Bogie
is a suburb of Lausanne
) which included Nikolai Bukharin
, G.Krylenko, and others and stood in opposition to Lenin, concerning the nationalities factor. Afterward for some time with Pyatakov she resided in Stockholm
and Kristiania (Oslo). Just before the October Revolution
they returned to what then was the Russian Republic to organize an opposition to the Lenin's course. But after the April conference of the RSDLP Bosch changed to the Lenin's course. Later served as the chairmen of an district (okrug) Party Committee and then an oblast Party Committee in the Southwestern Krai
(mark
).
on the base of the remnants of Nicholas Chain Bridge
blown up by retreating Polish troops in 1920. A lot of other important objects in Ukraine and other places of the former USSR were given her name (most of them were renamed after 1991).
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
activist, politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
, and member of the Soviet government in Ukraine during the revolutionary period earlier in the 20th century.
Early years
Officially Bosch was born in OchakivOchakiv
Ochakiv is a city in the Mykolaiv Oblast of southern Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Ochakivsky Raion , the city itself is also designated as a separate raion within the oblast, and is located on a peninsula in the Black Sea, at the entrance to the Dnieper Rivers's estuary,...
, in the Kherson Governorate
Kherson Governorate
The Kherson Governorate or Government of Kherson was a guberniya, or administrative territorial unit, in the Southern Ukrainian region, between the Dnieper and Dniester Rivers, of the Russian Empire. It was one of three governorates created in 1802 when the Novorossiya guberniya was abolished...
of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
, but some records have another information - village of Adjigol, Odessa uyezd, Kherson Governorate
Kherson Governorate
The Kherson Governorate or Government of Kherson was a guberniya, or administrative territorial unit, in the Southern Ukrainian region, between the Dnieper and Dniester Rivers, of the Russian Empire. It was one of three governorates created in 1802 when the Novorossiya guberniya was abolished...
in a family of a German colonist, mechanic, and landowner Gotlieb Meisch and Bessarabia
Bessarabia
Bessarabia is a historical term for the geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west....
n noblewoman Maria Krusser. For three years Yevgenia attended Voznesensk
Voznesensk
Voznesensk is a city in the Mykolaiv Oblast of Ukraine and a center of Voznesenskyi Raion . As of 2001, the city's population is 42,634....
Female Gymnasium. During that time she married the owner of a local small wagon shop, Peter Bosch.
First Party Years
In 1901, at 22, she became a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour PartyRussian Social Democratic Labour Party
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party , also known as Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or Russian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist Russian political party formed in 1898 in Minsk to unite the various revolutionary organizations into one party...
(RSDLP) and after the II Party Congress became a bolshevik
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
. She tried to educate herself while raising her two daughters. In 1907 she divorced her husband and moved to Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
. In Kiev she established contact with local bolshevik
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
faction and together with her younger sister Elena Rozmirovich (future wife of Nikolai Krylenko
Nikolai Krylenko
Nikolai Vasilyevich Krylenko was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician. Krylenko served in a variety of posts in the Soviet legal system, rising to become People's Commissar for Justice and Prosecutor General of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic.Krylenko was an...
, chekist) conducted underground revolutionary activities. In 1911 Bosch is the secretary of the Kiev Committee of the RSDLP(b
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
) exchanging letter with Lenin and Krupskaya. In April 1912 she was arrested and imprisoned in one of the Yekaterinoslav's prisons. There her health worsened as she had inborn heart and lung disease. The Kiev Court Chamber convicted her to life-term exile in Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
while she suffered from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
.
The fate was merciful to her nevertheless as she together with other convicted bolsheviks (Pyatakov
Georgy Pyatakov
Georgy Leonidovich Pyatakov was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader during the Russian Revolution, and member of the Left Opposition.Pyatakov was born August 6, 1890 in the settlement of the Mariinsky sugar factory which was owned by his father, an ethnic Russian, Leonid Timofeyevich Pyatakov.He...
) managed to escape from Kachuga volost, Upper-Lena uyezd, Irkutsk Governorate first to Vladivostok
Vladivostok
The city is located in the southern extremity of Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, which is about 30 km long and approximately 12 km wide.The highest point is Mount Kholodilnik, the height of which is 257 m...
, and then with a short stint in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. Later Bosch moved to Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
where she took part in the Bern conference. There together with Georgy Pyatakov
Georgy Pyatakov
Georgy Leonidovich Pyatakov was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader during the Russian Revolution, and member of the Left Opposition.Pyatakov was born August 6, 1890 in the settlement of the Mariinsky sugar factory which was owned by his father, an ethnic Russian, Leonid Timofeyevich Pyatakov.He...
they established the so called Bogie group (Bogie
Bogie
A bogie is a wheeled wagon or trolley. In mechanics terms, a bogie is a chassis or framework carrying wheels, attached to a vehicle. It can be fixed in place, as on a cargo truck, mounted on a swivel, as on a railway carriage/car or locomotive, or sprung as in the suspension of a caterpillar...
is a suburb of Lausanne
Lausanne
Lausanne is a city in Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and is the capital of the canton of Vaud. The seat of the district of Lausanne, the city is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva . It faces the French town of Évian-les-Bains, with the Jura mountains to its north-west...
) which included Nikolai Bukharin
Nikolai Bukharin
Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin , was a Russian Marxist, Bolshevik revolutionary, and Soviet politician. He was a member of the Politburo and Central Committee , chairman of the Communist International , and the editor in chief of Pravda , the journal Bolshevik , Izvestia , and the Great Soviet...
, G.Krylenko, and others and stood in opposition to Lenin, concerning the nationalities factor. Afterward for some time with Pyatakov she resided in Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
and Kristiania (Oslo). Just before the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
they returned to what then was the Russian Republic to organize an opposition to the Lenin's course. But after the April conference of the RSDLP Bosch changed to the Lenin's course. Later served as the chairmen of an district (okrug) Party Committee and then an oblast Party Committee in the Southwestern Krai
Southwestern Krai
Southwestern Krai , also known as Kiev General Governorate or Kiev, Podolia, and Volhynia General Governorate was a subdivision of the Russian Empire that included much of the territory of modern-day Ukraine covering both banks of the Dnieper River.The Governorate General consisted of several...
(mark
Marches
A march or mark refers to a border region similar to a frontier, such as the Welsh Marches, the borderland between England and Wales. During the Frankish Carolingian Dynasty, the word spread throughout Europe....
).
Later party years and suicide
Bosch joined the left opposition in 1923. Due to heart disease, cardiac asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis she committed suicide in January 1925.Aftermath
Yevgeniya Bosch Bridge that existed in Kiev from 1925 to 1941 was named after her. The bridge was constructed by Evgeny PatonEvgeny Paton
Professor Evgeny Oscarovich Paton was a Ukrainian and Soviet engineer who established the E. O. Paton Electric Welding Institute in Kiev. He is father of Borys Paton....
on the base of the remnants of Nicholas Chain Bridge
Nicholas Chain Bridge
The Nicholas Chain Bridge was a bridge over the Dnieper that existed from 1855 to 1920 in Kiev.The bridge was designed by Irish engineer Charles Blacker Vignoles. Construction started in 1848 and was completed in 1855...
blown up by retreating Polish troops in 1920. A lot of other important objects in Ukraine and other places of the former USSR were given her name (most of them were renamed after 1991).