Yitzhak Ben-Aharon
Encyclopedia
Yitzhak Ben-Aharon was an Israel
i left-wing politician.
He was a Knesset
member from the first to the fifth Knessets and in the seventh and eighth, and a former Minister of Transport and General secretary
of the Histadrut
. The philosopher Yeshayahu Ben-Aharon is his son.
region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
(today Romania
). He attended high school in Cernăuţi
and studied at the Advanced School for Political Science in Berlin.
He became a leader in Hashomer Hatzair
in Romania, and in 1928 he emigrated to Mandate Palestine. In 1933, he became a member of kibbutz
Givat Haim
and after the 1952 split in the Kibbutz Movement, he joined the Mapam-affiliated Givat Haim (Meuhad), where he remained a member for the rest of his life.
From 1932–38, he was Secretary of the Tel Aviv
Workers' Council. In the summer of 1935, he served for a few months as the envoy for the Halutz organization in Nazi Germany
until he was expelled by the Gestapo
. From 1938–39, he was Secretary of Mapai
.
In 1940, he enlisted in the British army
to fight against Nazi Germany in World War II
, where he reached the rank of Major
. He was captured in the Greek front in 1941, along with other soldiers from the Yishuv
, until they were released in 1945.
and from 1948 became one of its leaders. After the split in Mapam in 1954, he became one of the leaders of its left-splinter, Ahdut HaAvoda
party.
From 1969–73, he became General-Secretary of the Histadrut
. He was a Knesset member seven times, and member of several parliamentary committees. From 1958–62, he became the Minister of Transport, but resigned over what he called the government's anti-labour socioeconomic policy. In 1977, he retired from active political life, but continued to express critical, pro-socialist
views for the rest of his life.
He was the author of several books and articles. On 19 May 2006, he died in his kibbutz. Ben-Aharon donated his body to science, so there was no burial.
for his special contribution to society and the State of Israel.
In 2005, he was voted the 130th-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website Ynet
to determine whom the general public considered the 200 Greatest Israelis.
, Moshe Katzav stated that: "Israel has lost one of its builders and shapers of its social character." Prime Minister
Ehud Olmert
said that "the State of Israel has lost one of its giants, a true zionist and honest ideologue, who during tens of years did not hesitate to express his unique and penetrating views." Israel's Vice Prime Minister, Minister for the Development of the Negev and Galilee, Shimon Peres
said that: "One of the spiritual fathers of the Israeli labour movement has left us." The Minister of Defense, Amir Peretz
, said: "today, one the giants of the State of Israel has left us. If there is a man that can be said to have been one of the titans of the generation, it is Yitzhak Ben-Aharon."
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
i left-wing politician.
He was a Knesset
Knesset
The Knesset is the unicameral legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.-Role in Israeli Government :The legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister , approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government...
member from the first to the fifth Knessets and in the seventh and eighth, and a former Minister of Transport and General secretary
General secretary
-International intergovernmental organizations:-International nongovernmental organizations:-Sports governing bodies:...
of the Histadrut
Histadrut
HaHistadrut HaKlalit shel HaOvdim B'Eretz Yisrael , known as the Histadrut, is Israel's organization of trade unions. Established in December 1920 during the British Mandate for Palestine, it became one of the most powerful institutions of the State of Israel.-History:The Histadrut was founded in...
. The philosopher Yeshayahu Ben-Aharon is his son.
Early life and career
Ben-Aharon was born in the BukovinaBukovina
Bukovina is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains.-Name:The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became...
region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
(today Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
). He attended high school in Cernăuţi
Chernivtsi
Chernivtsi is the administrative center of Chernivtsi Oblast in southwestern Ukraine. The city is situated on the upper course of the River Prut, a tributary of the Danube, in the northern part of the historic region of Bukovina, which is currently divided between Romania and Ukraine...
and studied at the Advanced School for Political Science in Berlin.
He became a leader in Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair
Hashomer Hatzair is a Socialist–Zionist youth movement founded in 1913 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, and was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 British Mandate of Palestine...
in Romania, and in 1928 he emigrated to Mandate Palestine. In 1933, he became a member of kibbutz
Kibbutz
A kibbutz is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism...
Givat Haim
Givat Haim
Givat Haim was a kibbutz located around 5 kilometres south of Hadera in Israel. Founded in 1932 by European immigrants, it was originally called Kibbutz Gimel, but was later renamed in honour of Haim Arlosoroff, who was assassinated in 1933....
and after the 1952 split in the Kibbutz Movement, he joined the Mapam-affiliated Givat Haim (Meuhad), where he remained a member for the rest of his life.
From 1932–38, he was Secretary of the Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with...
Workers' Council. In the summer of 1935, he served for a few months as the envoy for the Halutz organization in Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
until he was expelled by the Gestapo
Gestapo
The Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police...
. From 1938–39, he was Secretary of Mapai
Mapai
Mapai was a left-wing political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the Israeli Labor Party in 1968...
.
In 1940, he enlisted in the British army
Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II
Britain along with most of its dominions and Crown colonies, and British India, declared war on Nazi Germany in 1939. War with Japan began in 1941, after it attacked British colonies in Asia...
to fight against Nazi Germany in World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, where he reached the rank of Major
Major
Major is a rank of commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every military in the world.When used unhyphenated, in conjunction with no other indicator of rank, the term refers to the rank just senior to that of an Army captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel. ...
. He was captured in the Greek front in 1941, along with other soldiers from the Yishuv
Yishuv
The Yishuv or Ha-Yishuv is the term referring to the body of Jewish residents in Palestine before the establishment of the State of Israel...
, until they were released in 1945.
Political career
After the war, he joined MapamMapam
Mapam was a political party in Israel and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Meretz party.-History:Mapam was formed by a January 1948 merger of the Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party and Ahdut HaAvoda Poale Zion Movement. The party was originally Marxist-Zionist in its outlook and represented...
and from 1948 became one of its leaders. After the split in Mapam in 1954, he became one of the leaders of its left-splinter, Ahdut HaAvoda
Ahdut HaAvoda
Ahdut HaAvoda was the name used by a sequence of political parties that existed firstly during Mandate Palestine and later in Israel. Its original version, led by David Ben-Gurion, is one of the main ancestors of the modern-day Israeli Labor Party....
party.
From 1969–73, he became General-Secretary of the Histadrut
Histadrut
HaHistadrut HaKlalit shel HaOvdim B'Eretz Yisrael , known as the Histadrut, is Israel's organization of trade unions. Established in December 1920 during the British Mandate for Palestine, it became one of the most powerful institutions of the State of Israel.-History:The Histadrut was founded in...
. He was a Knesset member seven times, and member of several parliamentary committees. From 1958–62, he became the Minister of Transport, but resigned over what he called the government's anti-labour socioeconomic policy. In 1977, he retired from active political life, but continued to express critical, pro-socialist
Socialism
Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...
views for the rest of his life.
He was the author of several books and articles. On 19 May 2006, he died in his kibbutz. Ben-Aharon donated his body to science, so there was no burial.
Awards
In 1995, Ben-Aharon was awarded the Israel PrizeIsrael Prize
The Israel Prize is an award handed out by the State of Israel and is largely regarded as the state's highest honor. It is presented annually, on Israeli Independence Day, in a state ceremony in Jerusalem, in the presence of the President, the Prime Minister, the Knesset chairperson, and the...
for his special contribution to society and the State of Israel.
In 2005, he was voted the 130th-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website Ynet
Ynet
Ynet is the most popular Israeli news and general content website. It is owned by the same conglomerate that operates Yediot Ahronot, the country's secondleading daily newspaper...
to determine whom the general public considered the 200 Greatest Israelis.
Tributes
Responding to Ben-Aharon's death, President of IsraelPresident of Israel
The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Israel. The position is largely an apolitical ceremonial figurehead role, with the real executive power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister. The current president is Shimon Peres who took office on 15 July 2007...
, Moshe Katzav stated that: "Israel has lost one of its builders and shapers of its social character." Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Israel
The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
Ehud Olmert
Ehud Olmert
Ehud Olmert is an Israeli politician and lawyer. He served as Prime Minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009, as a Cabinet Minister from 1988 to 1992 and from 2003 to 2006, and as Mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2003....
said that "the State of Israel has lost one of its giants, a true zionist and honest ideologue, who during tens of years did not hesitate to express his unique and penetrating views." Israel's Vice Prime Minister, Minister for the Development of the Negev and Galilee, Shimon Peres
Shimon Peres
GCMG is the ninth President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as the eighth Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years...
said that: "One of the spiritual fathers of the Israeli labour movement has left us." The Minister of Defense, Amir Peretz
Amir Peretz
Amir Peretz is an Israeli politician and member of the Knesset for the Labour Party. He is a former Defense Minister of Israel and former leader of the Labour Party, having left those positions in June 2007....
, said: "today, one the giants of the State of Israel has left us. If there is a man that can be said to have been one of the titans of the generation, it is Yitzhak Ben-Aharon."
Further reading
- Yitzhak Ben-Aharon Israel War Veterans League
- Labor founding member Ben-Aharon dies aged 99 The Jerusalem Post, 19 May 2006
- Labor Party veteran Yitzhak Ben Aharon dies at age 99 Haaretz, 20 May 2006
- Yitzhak Ben-Aharon The Guardian, 5 June 2006
See also
- List of Israel Prize recipients