are privately run schools that are marketed to students taking examinations held each year in Japan

Japan

Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

 from January to March to determine college admissions. These students generally have graduated from high school but have failed to enter the school of their choice. This test, unlike the French Baccalauréat

Baccalauréat

The baccalauréat , often known in France colloquially as le bac, is an academic qualification which French and international students take at the end of the lycée . It was introduced by Napoleon I in 1808. It is the main diploma required to pursue university studies...

 or the South Korean College Scholastic Ability Test, has different versions with different schools looking for results from different exams. In Japan, this test is generally considered the most important event in a child's education. Students who fail may spend a year or more studying to retake the examination. They are sometimes referred to as rōnin

Ronin (student)

In Japan, a is a student who has graduated from middle school or high school but has failed to enter a school at the next level, and consequently is studying outside of the school system for entrance in a future year. Rōnin may study at a yobikō....

, after masterless samurai

Samurai

is the term for the military nobility of pre-industrial Japan. According to translator William Scott Wilson: "In Chinese, the character 侍 was originally a verb meaning to wait upon or accompany a person in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau...

.

See also

• Juku
  Juku
  Gakushū juku are special private schools that offer lessons conducted after regular school hours and on the weekends....
  
  
• History of education in Japan
  History of education in Japan
  The history of education in Japan dates back at least to the sixth century, when Chinese learning was introduced at the Yamato court. Foreign civilizations have often provided new ideas for the development of Japan's own culture.-6th to 15th century:...
  
  
• Education in Japan
  Education in Japan
  In Japan, education is compulsory at the elementary and lower secondary levels. Approximately 98% of all students progress to the upper secondary level, which is voluntary . Most students attend public schools through the lower secondary level, but private education is popular at the upper...
  
  
• University-preparatory school
  University-preparatory school
  A university-preparatory school or college-preparatory school is a secondary school, usually private, designed to prepare students for a college or university education...
  
  
• Jaesusaeng
  Jaesusaeng
  Jaesusaeng is the Korean language term for high school students who scored poorly on the South Korean College Scholastic Ability Test and then decided to spend a year studying to re-take the exam, hoping for a high-enough score to enter the university of their choice.Which university a student...