Youth crew
Encyclopedia
Youth crew is a music subgenre of hardcore punk
attributed to the band Youth of Today
who were primarily active during the early to mid-1980s particularly during the New York hardcore
scene of 1988. "Youth Crew" is distinguished from other hardcore and punk scenes by its anger, optimism, mesomorphic, fraternal machismo and bombastic moralist outlook as well as its New York "thug rock" hardcore sound. The original "Youth Crew" bands and fans were predominantly angry straight edge
youth and occasional vegetarian advocates. Some of the later spin-off bands delved further into ascetic
spiritual (particularly Harikrishna) and "political" interests.
Early musical influences included Minor Threat
, Bad Brains
, Negative Approach
, Cro-Mags
and Agnostic Front
. While some "Youth Crew" music is similar to melodic hardcore
, "Youth Crew" also includes breakdowns
intended for the hardcore dancing style associated with live performances. Youth of Today
was a very thrashy "Youth Crew" band, with abrasive vocals and fast songs too short to include a lot of melody (similar to early Agnostic Front
, and contrasting with the other big New York City "Youth Crew" band, Gorilla Biscuits
). Later "Youth Crew" bands took increasing influence from heavy metal
.
song "Youth Crew" on their 1985 7" "Can't Close My Eyes" which was predated by a T Shirt designed by RatBoy himself as well as the 7 Seconds "The Crew" record'. Warzone
also had a song called "We're the Crew" on their 1988 album Don't Forget the Struggle, Don't Forget the Streets
. Judge
also had a song called "New York Crew."
, including albums by Youth of Today
, Chain of Strength
, Gorilla Biscuits
, Bold
, Judge
, Side By Side
, and Uniform Choice
. Like 7 Seconds, these bands were all straight edge
, and lyrical concerns included brotherhood and community values. However, many of these bands were more aggressive in their attitudes. Ray Cappo
eventually converted to the Hare Krishna
faith, and 108
and the Cro-Mags
also participated in the Krishnacore offshoot. The California band Vegan Reich established the hardline wing of straight edge "Youth Crew" hardcore. Although hardline had few adherents, its attitudes and militancy had a notable effect on later bands such as Earth Crisis
and Racetraitor
. The "Youth Crew" scene also included the participation of skinhead
s, many of whom were fans of Warzone
, Cro-Mags and Youth Defense League
. "Youth Crew" bands were contemporary with, though noticeably distinct from, crossover thrash
, thrashcore
, crust punk
, melodic hardcore
, and emo
bands.
In the 1990s, bands inspired by this scene became increasingly influenced by thrash
and death metal
. These bands, including Earth Crisis
, Snapcase
, One Life Crew
, Integrity
, Strife
, Hatebreed
and Blood for Blood
, recorded for Victory Records
, and were partly responsible for the contemporary metalcore
scene. Groups on Trustkill Records
, such as Walls of Jericho
, Racetraitor
and Shai Hulud
, were also part of this current. There were some bands, such as Mouthpiece
, who were still keeping the original sound of youth crew.
Youth crew bands first achieved visibility in popular culture through CIV (featuring the former singer of Gorilla Biscuits
). Later youth crew-derived music became increasingly associated with metalcore, particularly in the cases of Earth Crisis and Strife. The late 1990s saw a revival of the "Youth Crew" style, revisited by bands such as In My Eyes, Floorpunch, Ten Yard Fight
, and Ray Cappo's Better Than a Thousand
.
fashion worn by many NYC-area hardcore music fans circa 1988, is preserved in record-liner photos, videos, and zine photos from that era. The look was more conventional than a lot of punk fashion. In an interview in 2004's All Ages: Reflections on Straight Edge, Cappo described the "Youth Crew" look as being "Tony Hawk
meets Beaver Cleaver
."
"Youth Crew" fashion included bleached hair, crewcuts and similar haircuts, athletic wear, letterman jackets, sportswear, army pants or shorts, oversized T-shirts bearing band logos or straight edge
slogans, hooded sweatshirts and hightop basketball shoes. 7 Seconds and their fans often drew black lines under their eyes in a similar manner to athletes. Hardliners and more militant straight-edgers sometimes wore camouflage and military surplus gear. The Swatch
X-Rated became popular in "Youth Crew" fashion. Sports brands, such as Adidas, Nike or Champion, were popular in "Youth Crew" fashion.
The year 1988 is often considered to be the peak of "Youth Crew" straight edge New York hardcore
, so the abbreviation 88 sometimes appears in songs, T-shirts, album cover art or other media. 1988 is also commonly remembered as a year that was very violent and dangerous in the New York hardcore
scene, when a lot of clubs closed or banned hardcore concerts.
Hardcore punk
Hardcore punk is an underground music genre that originated in the late 1970s, following the mainstream success of punk rock. Hardcore is generally faster, thicker, and heavier than earlier punk rock. The origin of the term "hardcore punk" is uncertain. The Vancouver-based band D.O.A...
attributed to the band Youth of Today
Youth of Today
Youth of Today is an American hardcore punk straight edge band, formed in 1985 and still in activity. The band played a major role in establishing the Youth Crew subculture of hardcore, both espousing and evolving the philosophies of the straight edge and vegetarian lifestyles.-History:Youth Of...
who were primarily active during the early to mid-1980s particularly during the New York hardcore
New York hardcore
New York hardcore refers to hardcore punk and metalcore music created in New York City and to the subculture associated with that music. New York hardcore grew out of the hardcore scene established in Washington, D.C., by bands such as Bad Brains and Minor Threat. Hardcore '81 is an album by the...
scene of 1988. "Youth Crew" is distinguished from other hardcore and punk scenes by its anger, optimism, mesomorphic, fraternal machismo and bombastic moralist outlook as well as its New York "thug rock" hardcore sound. The original "Youth Crew" bands and fans were predominantly angry straight edge
Straight edge
Straight edge is a subculture of hardcore punk whose adherents refrain from using alcohol, tobacco, and other recreational drugs. It was a direct reaction to the sexual revolution, hedonism, and excess associated with punk rock. For some, this extends to not engaging in promiscuous sex, following a...
youth and occasional vegetarian advocates. Some of the later spin-off bands delved further into ascetic
Asceticism
Asceticism describes a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various sorts of worldly pleasures often with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals...
spiritual (particularly Harikrishna) and "political" interests.
Early musical influences included Minor Threat
Minor Threat
Minor Threat was an American hardcore punk band formed in Washington, D.C. in 1980 and disbanded in 1983. The band was relatively short-lived, but had a strong influence on the hardcore punk music scene, both stylistically and in establishing a "do it yourself" ethic for music distribution and...
, Bad Brains
Bad Brains
Bad Brains is an American hardcore punk band formed in Washington, D.C., in 1977. They are widely regarded as among the pioneers of hardcore punk, though the band's members objected to this term to describe their music. They are also an adept reggae band, while later recordings featured elements of...
, Negative Approach
Negative Approach
Negative Approach is an American hardcore punk band, formed in Detroit, Michigan in 1981. The band is considered among of the pioneers of hardcore punk, particularly in the Midwest region. Like most hardcore bands, Negative Approach was little known in its day outside of its hometown...
, Cro-Mags
Cro-Mags
Cro-Mags are a hardcore punk turned crossover thrash band from New York City. The band, which had a strong cult following, released many records, their first two considered the most influential...
and Agnostic Front
Agnostic Front
Agnostic Front is an American hardcore band. The band began playing hardcore similar to their contemporaries, and were thrust to the forefront of the burgeoning New York hardcore scene in the mid-1980s with their widely regarded 1984 classic Victim in Pain before evolving to incorporate thrash...
. While some "Youth Crew" music is similar to melodic hardcore
Melodic hardcore
Melodic hardcore is a subgenre of hardcore punk with a strong emphasis on vocal melody. The genre is commonly defined with fast hardcore drum beats, complex guitar riffs and melodic singing with occasional screaming and shouting.-History:...
, "Youth Crew" also includes breakdowns
Break (music)
In popular music, a break is an instrumental or percussion section or interlude during a song derived from or related to stop-time – being a "break" from the main parts of the song or piece....
intended for the hardcore dancing style associated with live performances. Youth of Today
Youth of Today
Youth of Today is an American hardcore punk straight edge band, formed in 1985 and still in activity. The band played a major role in establishing the Youth Crew subculture of hardcore, both espousing and evolving the philosophies of the straight edge and vegetarian lifestyles.-History:Youth Of...
was a very thrashy "Youth Crew" band, with abrasive vocals and fast songs too short to include a lot of melody (similar to early Agnostic Front
Agnostic Front
Agnostic Front is an American hardcore band. The band began playing hardcore similar to their contemporaries, and were thrust to the forefront of the burgeoning New York hardcore scene in the mid-1980s with their widely regarded 1984 classic Victim in Pain before evolving to incorporate thrash...
, and contrasting with the other big New York City "Youth Crew" band, Gorilla Biscuits
Gorilla Biscuits
Gorilla Biscuits are a New York City-based vegan straight edge hardcore band consisting of Anthony "Civ" Civarelli, Walter Schreifels, Arthur Smilios, Alex Brown and Luke Abbey. The band is currently signed to Revelation Records.-Early career:...
). Later "Youth Crew" bands took increasing influence from heavy metal
Heavy metal music
Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the Midlands of the United Kingdom and the United States...
.
Etymology of the term
The term Crew was apparently coined by John L Hancock III (AKA "Rat Boy") as a slang term for a group of friends when he wrote the Youth of TodayYouth of Today
Youth of Today is an American hardcore punk straight edge band, formed in 1985 and still in activity. The band played a major role in establishing the Youth Crew subculture of hardcore, both espousing and evolving the philosophies of the straight edge and vegetarian lifestyles.-History:Youth Of...
song "Youth Crew" on their 1985 7" "Can't Close My Eyes" which was predated by a T Shirt designed by RatBoy himself as well as the 7 Seconds "The Crew" record'. Warzone
Warzone (band)
Warzone was an American hardcore punk band formed on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in 1982. The band helped develop the New York hardcore sound, the hardcore skinhead style and the youth crew subgenre...
also had a song called "We're the Crew" on their 1988 album Don't Forget the Struggle, Don't Forget the Streets
Don't Forget The Struggle, Don't Forget The Streets
Don't Forget the Struggle, Don't Forget the Streets was the first full-length album from New York hardcore band, Warzone.It was released in 1988 on Caroline Records, following the band's 1987 debut release, the Lower East Side Crew EP...
. Judge
Judge (band)
Judge was a New York-based straight edge band; formed in 1987 by Youth of Today guitarist, John "Porcell" Porcelly, and former Youth of Today drummer, Mike "Judge" Ferraro.-History:...
also had a song called "New York Crew."
History
"Youth Crew" was most popular from 1984 to 1990, primarily in New York City and, to a lesser degree, Los Angeles. The sound was largely defined by a series of releases by Revelation RecordsRevelation Records
Revelation Records is an independent record label focusing originally and primarily on hardcore punk. The label is known for its role in the evolution of hardcore and metallic post-hardcore with important releases by bands such as Youth of Today, Warzone, Sick of It All, Quicksand, Side By Side,...
, including albums by Youth of Today
Youth of Today
Youth of Today is an American hardcore punk straight edge band, formed in 1985 and still in activity. The band played a major role in establishing the Youth Crew subculture of hardcore, both espousing and evolving the philosophies of the straight edge and vegetarian lifestyles.-History:Youth Of...
, Chain of Strength
Chain of Strength
Chain of Strength was a late '80s and early '90s straight edge hardcore punk band from Southern California.-Biography:The first Chain of Strength release was a 7" EP entitled True Till Death, released through Revelation Records. After parting ways with Revelation, they formed their own Foundation...
, Gorilla Biscuits
Gorilla Biscuits
Gorilla Biscuits are a New York City-based vegan straight edge hardcore band consisting of Anthony "Civ" Civarelli, Walter Schreifels, Arthur Smilios, Alex Brown and Luke Abbey. The band is currently signed to Revelation Records.-Early career:...
, Bold
Bold (band)
Bold is a late 1980s youth crew hardcore band from Westchester County, New York, which along with bands like Youth Of Today and Side By Side were a part of the Youth Crew, and an influence in the late 80's straight edge hardcore scene...
, Judge
Judge (band)
Judge was a New York-based straight edge band; formed in 1987 by Youth of Today guitarist, John "Porcell" Porcelly, and former Youth of Today drummer, Mike "Judge" Ferraro.-History:...
, Side By Side
Side By Side (band)
Side By Side was an American hardcore punk band on Revelation Records. They were a band from NY of youth crew persuasion. Recorded output was limited to a single 7", You're Only Young Once... Their 7" was the fifth record released by Revelation Records....
, and Uniform Choice
Uniform Choice
Uniform Choice is an Orange County, California hardcore punk band.-History:Uniform Choice was started by guitarist Myke Bates, bassist Hanson Meyer and drummer Eric Hanna during the Spring of 1982. Bates had been playing with a couple of bands previously in Palm Springs...
. Like 7 Seconds, these bands were all straight edge
Straight edge
Straight edge is a subculture of hardcore punk whose adherents refrain from using alcohol, tobacco, and other recreational drugs. It was a direct reaction to the sexual revolution, hedonism, and excess associated with punk rock. For some, this extends to not engaging in promiscuous sex, following a...
, and lyrical concerns included brotherhood and community values. However, many of these bands were more aggressive in their attitudes. Ray Cappo
Ray Cappo
Ray Cappo is the former vocalist for the hardcore bands Youth of Today, Reflex From Pain, Shelter, Better Than A Thousand, and the project recording "Pour Water On It". This icon of New York hardcore was originally from Connecticut, and played drums for the Connecticut band Violent Children...
eventually converted to the Hare Krishna
International Society for Krishna Consciousness
The International Society for Krishna Consciousness , known colloquially as the Hare Krishna movement, is a Gaudiya Vaishnava religious organization. It was founded in 1966 in New York City by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada...
faith, and 108
108 (band)
108 is an American hardcore band founded in 1991. Their music reflected the Hare Krishna faith of its members. Their name comes from the number of beads on the Japa mala, or mantra counting beads.- History :...
and the Cro-Mags
Cro-Mags
Cro-Mags are a hardcore punk turned crossover thrash band from New York City. The band, which had a strong cult following, released many records, their first two considered the most influential...
also participated in the Krishnacore offshoot. The California band Vegan Reich established the hardline wing of straight edge "Youth Crew" hardcore. Although hardline had few adherents, its attitudes and militancy had a notable effect on later bands such as Earth Crisis
Earth Crisis
Earth Crisis is an American metalcore band from Syracuse, New York, active from 1989 until 2001, reuniting in 2007. Their most recent record, To the Death, was released in May 2009 through Century Media....
and Racetraitor
Racetraitor
Racetraitor was an American political straight edge hardcore punk band from Chicago, Illinois.The band was known for calling audience members "crackers" and for espousing radical beliefs influenced by black nationalism, third worldism and other anti-colonial ideologies...
. The "Youth Crew" scene also included the participation of skinhead
Skinhead
A skinhead is a member of a subculture that originated among working class youths in the United Kingdom in the 1960s, and then spread to other parts of the world. Named for their close-cropped or shaven heads, the first skinheads were greatly influenced by West Indian rude boys and British mods,...
s, many of whom were fans of Warzone
Warzone (band)
Warzone was an American hardcore punk band formed on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in 1982. The band helped develop the New York hardcore sound, the hardcore skinhead style and the youth crew subgenre...
, Cro-Mags and Youth Defense League
Youth Defense League
Youth Defense League was an Oi!/New York Hardcore band formed in 1986. The band was featured in the Revelation Records compilation album New York City Hardcore, which featured several NYHC bands, including Sick Of It All and Gorilla Biscuits...
. "Youth Crew" bands were contemporary with, though noticeably distinct from, crossover thrash
Crossover thrash
__FORCETOC__Crossover thrash, often abbreviated to crossover, is a form of thrash metal that contains more hardcore punk elements than standard thrash. The genre lies on a continuum between heavy metal and punk rock...
, thrashcore
Thrashcore
Thrashcore is a fast tempo subgenre of hardcore punk that emerged in the early 1980s. Thrashcore is essentially sped-up hardcore punk, with bands often using blast beats. Songs can be very brief, and thrashcore is in many ways a less dissonant, less metallic forerunner of grindcore...
, crust punk
Crust punk
Crust punk is a form of music influenced by anarcho-punk, hardcore punk and extreme metal. The style, which evolved in the mid-1980s in England, often has songs with dark and pessimistic lyrics that linger on political and social ills...
, melodic hardcore
Melodic hardcore
Melodic hardcore is a subgenre of hardcore punk with a strong emphasis on vocal melody. The genre is commonly defined with fast hardcore drum beats, complex guitar riffs and melodic singing with occasional screaming and shouting.-History:...
, and emo
Emo
Emo is a style of rock music and its associated subcultureEmo may also refer to:- Businesses :* Emo , an Irish oil company and filling station chain* Emo Speedway, a racetrack in Emo, Ontario...
bands.
In the 1990s, bands inspired by this scene became increasingly influenced by thrash
Thrash metal
Thrash metal is a subgenre of heavy metal that is characterized usually by its fast tempo and aggression. Songs of the genre typically use fast percussive and low-register guitar riffs, overlaid with shredding-style lead work...
and death metal
Death metal
Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal. It typically employs heavily distorted guitars, tremolo picking, deep growling vocals, blast beat drumming, minor keys or atonality, and complex song structures with multiple tempo changes....
. These bands, including Earth Crisis
Earth Crisis
Earth Crisis is an American metalcore band from Syracuse, New York, active from 1989 until 2001, reuniting in 2007. Their most recent record, To the Death, was released in May 2009 through Century Media....
, Snapcase
Snapcase
Snapcase is a hardcore punk band from Buffalo, New York. Their records have been released on the Chicago record label, Victory Records. Through the course of the band's initial run of fourteen years, they released six studio albums before disbanding in 2005....
, One Life Crew
One Life Crew
One Life Crew was a straight-edge hardcore band. They originally formed in Cleveland, Ohio in 1994. Though the band has had numerous members, the most notable line-up consisted of "Mean" Steve Murad , Blaze Tishko , John "Lockjaw" Tole , and Anthony "Chubby Fresh" Pines...
, Integrity
Integrity (band)
Integrity is a metallic hardcore band formed in 1988. Their lyrical themes include religion, the supernatural, mental illness, individualism, and the occult.- Discography :*Harder They Fall - Demo cassette - 1989...
, Strife
Strife (band)
Strife is an American hardcore punk band from Thousand Oaks, California. But is now primarily based out of Los Angeles, California. They formed in 1991...
, Hatebreed
Hatebreed
- History :Hatebreed was formed in 1994 in Bridgeport, Waterbury and New Haven. They began by recording a three song demo and selling it to locals. Those three songs would eventually be released on a split seven inch with New York's Neglect in 1995...
and Blood for Blood
Blood for Blood
Blood for Blood is a hardcore band from Boston, Massachusetts. Formed by Shane Flannery in 1994, motivated by the hardcore scene in Boston and New York City at the time. In 1997 they were signed to Victory Records...
, recorded for Victory Records
Victory Records
Victory Records is a Chicago-based record label founded by Tony Brummel. It is a privately held corporation. It also operates a music publishing company called "Another Victory, Inc." and is the distributor of several smaller independent record labels....
, and were partly responsible for the contemporary metalcore
Metalcore
Metalcore is a subgenre of heavy metal combining various elements of extreme metal and hardcore punk. The name is a portmanteau of the names of the two genres. The term took on its current meaning in the mid-1990s, describing bands such as Earth Crisis, Deadguy and Integrity...
scene. Groups on Trustkill Records
Trustkill Records
Trustkill Records was an American record label that started as a hardcore punk fanzine in April 1993. It started releasing hardcore, metal and rock records and merchandise in 1994...
, such as Walls of Jericho
Walls of Jericho
Walls of Jericho is an American metalcore band from Detroit, Michigan, formed in 1998.-Early career :Walls of Jericho were formed following the demise of two Detroit based bands. The first being the influential Earthmover, featuring members Mike Hasty and Wes Keely . The second was a band called...
, Racetraitor
Racetraitor
Racetraitor was an American political straight edge hardcore punk band from Chicago, Illinois.The band was known for calling audience members "crackers" and for espousing radical beliefs influenced by black nationalism, third worldism and other anti-colonial ideologies...
and Shai Hulud
Shai Hulud (band)
Shai Hulud is an American hardcore punk band with progressive metal influences, originally formed in Pompano Beach, Florida, the band later moved up to Poughkeepsie, New York....
, were also part of this current. There were some bands, such as Mouthpiece
Mouthpiece (band)
Mouthpiece was a New Jersey straight edge hardcore punk band from 1991 to 1996. Often seen as one of the last bands of the youth crew era, or the earliest revival of it...
, who were still keeping the original sound of youth crew.
Youth crew bands first achieved visibility in popular culture through CIV (featuring the former singer of Gorilla Biscuits
Gorilla Biscuits
Gorilla Biscuits are a New York City-based vegan straight edge hardcore band consisting of Anthony "Civ" Civarelli, Walter Schreifels, Arthur Smilios, Alex Brown and Luke Abbey. The band is currently signed to Revelation Records.-Early career:...
). Later youth crew-derived music became increasingly associated with metalcore, particularly in the cases of Earth Crisis and Strife. The late 1990s saw a revival of the "Youth Crew" style, revisited by bands such as In My Eyes, Floorpunch, Ten Yard Fight
Ten Yard Fight
Ten Yard Fight was a straight edge, football-based band formed in 1995 in Boston, Massachusetts. Along with In My Eyes and Floorpunch, they spearheaded the youth crew revival in 1997. Ten Yard Fight's "official" last show was in Boston on October 17, which would become the first National Edge Day...
, and Ray Cappo's Better Than a Thousand
Better Than a Thousand
Better Than A Thousand was a hardcore band with former Youth of Today singer Ray Cappo, Graham Land and Ken Olden from Battery fame. It was a side project of Shelter, Ray originally intended just to record a couple songs with some friends and it spawned three world tours and two...
.
"Youth Crew" fashion
The "Youth Crew" fashion, different from the stereotypical skinheadSkinhead
A skinhead is a member of a subculture that originated among working class youths in the United Kingdom in the 1960s, and then spread to other parts of the world. Named for their close-cropped or shaven heads, the first skinheads were greatly influenced by West Indian rude boys and British mods,...
fashion worn by many NYC-area hardcore music fans circa 1988, is preserved in record-liner photos, videos, and zine photos from that era. The look was more conventional than a lot of punk fashion. In an interview in 2004's All Ages: Reflections on Straight Edge, Cappo described the "Youth Crew" look as being "Tony Hawk
Tony Hawk
Anthony Frank "Tony" Hawk , nicknamed "The Birdman" is an American retired professional skateboarder and actor. Hawk gained significant fame for completing the first 900 as well as his licensed video game titles distributed by Activision...
meets Beaver Cleaver
Leave It to Beaver
Leave It to Beaver is an American television situation comedy about an inquisitive but often naïve boy named Theodore "The Beaver" Cleaver and his adventures at home, in school, and around his suburban neighborhood...
."
"Youth Crew" fashion included bleached hair, crewcuts and similar haircuts, athletic wear, letterman jackets, sportswear, army pants or shorts, oversized T-shirts bearing band logos or straight edge
Straight edge
Straight edge is a subculture of hardcore punk whose adherents refrain from using alcohol, tobacco, and other recreational drugs. It was a direct reaction to the sexual revolution, hedonism, and excess associated with punk rock. For some, this extends to not engaging in promiscuous sex, following a...
slogans, hooded sweatshirts and hightop basketball shoes. 7 Seconds and their fans often drew black lines under their eyes in a similar manner to athletes. Hardliners and more militant straight-edgers sometimes wore camouflage and military surplus gear. The Swatch
Swatch
Swatch is a brand name for a line of wrist watches from the Swatch Group, a Swiss conglomerate with vertical control of the production of Swiss watches and related products...
X-Rated became popular in "Youth Crew" fashion. Sports brands, such as Adidas, Nike or Champion, were popular in "Youth Crew" fashion.
The year 1988 is often considered to be the peak of "Youth Crew" straight edge New York hardcore
New York hardcore
New York hardcore refers to hardcore punk and metalcore music created in New York City and to the subculture associated with that music. New York hardcore grew out of the hardcore scene established in Washington, D.C., by bands such as Bad Brains and Minor Threat. Hardcore '81 is an album by the...
, so the abbreviation 88 sometimes appears in songs, T-shirts, album cover art or other media. 1988 is also commonly remembered as a year that was very violent and dangerous in the New York hardcore
New York hardcore
New York hardcore refers to hardcore punk and metalcore music created in New York City and to the subculture associated with that music. New York hardcore grew out of the hardcore scene established in Washington, D.C., by bands such as Bad Brains and Minor Threat. Hardcore '81 is an album by the...
scene, when a lot of clubs closed or banned hardcore concerts.