Zharmakhan Tuyakbay
Encyclopedia
Jarmakhan Aytbayuli Tuyakbay , born on 22 November 1947 in South Kazakhstan Province
of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union
) is a Kazakh politician. At present, he is Chairman of the Nationwide Social Democratic Party
and For a Just Kazakhstan
political movement. Some analysts considered Tuyakbay the most significant challenger to Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev
in the 2005 presidential elections.
. In December, 1986 the Government of The Soviet Union severely crushed protests in Almaty
in response to the appointing of the new First Secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party, whose nationality was Russian
. This riot
, which subsequently was named Jeltoqsan
lead to numerous resignations and shifts among top Kazakh officials. Tuyakbay was removed from his office and appointed Prosecutor of Mangghystau Province, and later Atyrau Province
.
In 1990, one year before the collapse of The Soviet Union and proclamation of Declaration of Independence
of Kazakhstan
, Tuyakbay was appointed General Prosecutor of Kazakhstan
. In 1995, he was appointed Chairman of the State Investigatory Committee, and held the office until 1997. Upon his resignation, Tuyakbay became Chief Military Prosecutor of Kazakhstan.
(Lower House) of Parliament of Kazakhstan
, and won the election at Sary-Agash region of South-Kazakhstan oblast. On December 1, 1999 Zharmakhan Tuyakbay was elected Chairman of Majlis
of the Republic of Kazakhstan for five-year term. Several months before next parliamentary elections, which were due September 19, 2004, he became Vice-chairman of pro-government Otan party (Motherland), and was the first on the election party list.
However, on October 14, 2004 Tuyakbay publicly condemned violations during the elections and renounced his mandate of member of Majilis. A month later, he became Chairman of the Coordinating Council of Democratic Forces of Kazakhstan, which included Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan
party (DCK), Naghyz Ak Zhol
party and the Communist Party
of Kazakhstan
, and lead a working group for elaboration of draft of the new Constitution
of Kazakhstan.
On March 20, 2005, Political Movement For a Just Kazakhstan
was formed, and Tuyakbay became Chairman of the organization. On September 10, 2005 Zharmakhan Tuyakbay was announced a single candidate from the democratic forces of Kazakhstan to become a main challenger of the current president Nursultan Nazarbayev
. On October 5, 2005, he was registered as presidential candidate by the Central Elections Committee of Kazakhstan.
On December 4, 2005 presidential elections Zharmakhan Tuyakbay with slightly more than 6% was the second after Nursultan Nazarbayev
, who won more than 90% of the vote. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) concluded the election did not meet international standards despite some improvements in the administration of the election.
On 19 July 2006 Tuyakbay announced about establishing the Nationwide Social Democratic Party
. The party was registered by the governmental authorities in January 2007. It aims to become a member of the Socialist International
organization.
In the 18 August 2007 Majilis
of Parliament of Kazakhstan
elections, the party won 4.62 % of the popular vote and no seats. All seats were won by the ruling Nur-Otan
party.
South Kazakhstan Province
South Kazakhstan Province is the southernmost province of Kazakhstan, with a population of 2,282,500 people. Its capital is Shymkent, with 539,600 people. Other cities in South Kazakhstan include Turkestan, Sayram, Kentau, Arys, Shardara, Jetysu, Saryag'ash and Lenger...
of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
) is a Kazakh politician. At present, he is Chairman of the Nationwide Social Democratic Party
Nationwide Social Democratic Party
Nationwide Social Democratic Party is a political party in Kazakhstan led by former Presidential election candidate Zharmakhan Tuyakbay...
and For a Just Kazakhstan
For a Just Kazakhstan
For a Just Kazakhstan is a political movement that was founded by the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, the Naghyz Ak Zhol Party and the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan Party as an opposition coalition to nominate a single candidate in the 2005 presidential elections.The movement is led by...
political movement. Some analysts considered Tuyakbay the most significant challenger to Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...
in the 2005 presidential elections.
Life and career
In 1971 Chairman Tuyakbay graduated from the Law Department of the Kazakh State University. The Investigatory Department of the Shymkent Oblast Prosecutor Office recruited him. In 1981, Tuyakbay was appointed Deputy General Prosecutor of KazakhstanKazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
. In December, 1986 the Government of The Soviet Union severely crushed protests in Almaty
Almaty
Almaty , also known by its former names Verny and Alma-Ata , is the former capital of Kazakhstan and the nation's largest city, with a population of 1,348,500...
in response to the appointing of the new First Secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party, whose nationality was Russian
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
. This riot
Riot
A riot is a form of civil disorder characterized often by what is thought of as disorganized groups lashing out in a sudden and intense rash of violence against authority, property or people. While individuals may attempt to lead or control a riot, riots are thought to be typically chaotic and...
, which subsequently was named Jeltoqsan
Jeltoqsan
The Jeltoqsan or "December" of 1986 were riots that took place in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan in response to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's dismissal of Dinmukhamed Konayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan and an ethnic Kazakh, and the subsequent appointment of Gennady...
lead to numerous resignations and shifts among top Kazakh officials. Tuyakbay was removed from his office and appointed Prosecutor of Mangghystau Province, and later Atyrau Province
Atyrau Province
Atyrau Oblast is a province of Kazakhstan. It is situated in the west of the country around the northeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Atyrau, with a population of 142,500 people; the province itself has 480,000 people...
.
In 1990, one year before the collapse of The Soviet Union and proclamation of Declaration of Independence
Declaration of independence
A declaration of independence is an assertion of the independence of an aspiring state or states. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another nation or failed nation, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state...
of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
, Tuyakbay was appointed General Prosecutor of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
. In 1995, he was appointed Chairman of the State Investigatory Committee, and held the office until 1997. Upon his resignation, Tuyakbay became Chief Military Prosecutor of Kazakhstan.
Political career
In 1999, Tuyakbay ran for seat at MajilisMajilis
The Majilis is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Kazakhstan, known as the Parlamenti, in the Government of Kazakhstan. The upper house of Parliament is the Senate of Kazakhstan. There are 77 seats, 67 in single seat constituencies and 10 by proportional representation, in the Majilis...
(Lower House) of Parliament of Kazakhstan
Parliament of Kazakhstan
The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the bicameral legislature of Kazakhstan, according to the 1995 Constitution of Kazakhstan. The lower house is the Majilis, with 77 seats, elected to four year terms, 67 in single seat constituencies and 10 by proportional representation...
, and won the election at Sary-Agash region of South-Kazakhstan oblast. On December 1, 1999 Zharmakhan Tuyakbay was elected Chairman of Majlis
Majlis
' , is an Arabic term meaning "a place of sitting", used in the context of "council", to describe various types of special gatherings among common interest groups be it administrative, social or religious in countries with linguistic or cultural connections to Islamic countries...
of the Republic of Kazakhstan for five-year term. Several months before next parliamentary elections, which were due September 19, 2004, he became Vice-chairman of pro-government Otan party (Motherland), and was the first on the election party list.
However, on October 14, 2004 Tuyakbay publicly condemned violations during the elections and renounced his mandate of member of Majilis. A month later, he became Chairman of the Coordinating Council of Democratic Forces of Kazakhstan, which included Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan
Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan
Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan was a political party in Kazakhstan. It was disbanded in February 2005 before the presidential elections.-Origin:...
party (DCK), Naghyz Ak Zhol
Naghyz Ak Zhol
The Naghyz Ak Zhol is a former Kazakh political party. It was founded by Bulat Abilov, Altynbek Sarsenbaev, Oraz Zhandosov, and Tulegen Zhukeyev, and held its first constituent congress on 29 April 2005...
party and the Communist Party
Communist party
A political party described as a Communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of communism through a communist form of government...
of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
, and lead a working group for elaboration of draft of the new Constitution
Constitution
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is...
of Kazakhstan.
On March 20, 2005, Political Movement For a Just Kazakhstan
For a Just Kazakhstan
For a Just Kazakhstan is a political movement that was founded by the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, the Naghyz Ak Zhol Party and the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan Party as an opposition coalition to nominate a single candidate in the 2005 presidential elections.The movement is led by...
was formed, and Tuyakbay became Chairman of the organization. On September 10, 2005 Zharmakhan Tuyakbay was announced a single candidate from the democratic forces of Kazakhstan to become a main challenger of the current president Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...
. On October 5, 2005, he was registered as presidential candidate by the Central Elections Committee of Kazakhstan.
On December 4, 2005 presidential elections Zharmakhan Tuyakbay with slightly more than 6% was the second after Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation received its independence in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union...
, who won more than 90% of the vote. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) concluded the election did not meet international standards despite some improvements in the administration of the election.
On 19 July 2006 Tuyakbay announced about establishing the Nationwide Social Democratic Party
Nationwide Social Democratic Party
Nationwide Social Democratic Party is a political party in Kazakhstan led by former Presidential election candidate Zharmakhan Tuyakbay...
. The party was registered by the governmental authorities in January 2007. It aims to become a member of the Socialist International
Socialist International
The Socialist International is a worldwide organization of democratic socialist, social democratic and labour political parties. It was formed in 1951.- History :...
organization.
In the 18 August 2007 Majilis
Majilis
The Majilis is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Kazakhstan, known as the Parlamenti, in the Government of Kazakhstan. The upper house of Parliament is the Senate of Kazakhstan. There are 77 seats, 67 in single seat constituencies and 10 by proportional representation, in the Majilis...
of Parliament of Kazakhstan
Parliament of Kazakhstan
The Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the bicameral legislature of Kazakhstan, according to the 1995 Constitution of Kazakhstan. The lower house is the Majilis, with 77 seats, elected to four year terms, 67 in single seat constituencies and 10 by proportional representation...
elections, the party won 4.62 % of the popular vote and no seats. All seats were won by the ruling Nur-Otan
Nur-Otan
Nur Otan is the largest political party in Kazakhstan with over 762,000 members. Since 2007 it is headed by President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev Nazarbayev's predecessor in the party was Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov.The party's predecessor, Otan was originally established on February 12, 1999...
party.