Zonal constructed languages
Encyclopedia
Zonal constructed languages are constructed language
s made to facilitate communication between speakers of a certain linguistic group or of two closely related languages.
Most common within this group are Pan-Germanic and Pan-Slavic language
s. Most of these were created during the period of National revival
at the end of the 19th century, some were created later. Known examples are Tutonish
, a Pan-Germanic project by Elias Molee (1902), which was intended to be an auxiliary language at first but to eventually supplant all other Germanic languages, Universalspråket
for Scandinavia
n lands by K.G.F. Kejhser (1918), Euronord
for Northern Europe by A.J. Pilgrim (1965) and Mezduslavjanski jezik
for Slavs
by Ladislav Podmele 1958. Nowadays, most older zonal constructed languages are known only to specialists. The best-known Slavic zonal constructed languages of more recent date are Slovianski
and Slovio
.
Apart from these European examples, there have also been attempts on other continents - Afrihili
by K. A. Kumi Attobrah, which was created to be used as a lingua franca
in all of Africa.
A dialect which naturally emerges as a means of communication among speakers of divergent dialects of a language is known as a koiné language
.
Constructed language
A planned or constructed language—known colloquially as a conlang—is a language whose phonology, grammar, and/or vocabulary has been consciously devised by an individual or group, instead of having evolved naturally...
s made to facilitate communication between speakers of a certain linguistic group or of two closely related languages.
Most common within this group are Pan-Germanic and Pan-Slavic language
Pan-Slavic language
A pan-Slavic language is a zonal constructed language for communication among Slavic people. Similarity of the Slavic languages has constantly inspired different people to create Pan-Slavic languages.-Old Church Slavonic:...
s. Most of these were created during the period of National revival
Romantic nationalism
Romantic nationalism is the form of nationalism in which the state derives its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs...
at the end of the 19th century, some were created later. Known examples are Tutonish
Tutonish
Tutonish is a constructed language created by Elias Molee. He worked on it for several years before publishing it for the first time in 1902...
, a Pan-Germanic project by Elias Molee (1902), which was intended to be an auxiliary language at first but to eventually supplant all other Germanic languages, Universalspråket
Universalspraket
Universalspråket or Universal language is a Zonal constructed language for Scandinavian countries created by K. T. G. Keyser in 1918.-Bibliography:*K. T. G. Keyser: Universalspråket. Stockholm: Svenska Andelsförl., 1918. 400 pages....
for Scandinavia
Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...
n lands by K.G.F. Kejhser (1918), Euronord
Euronord
Euronord is an international auxiliary language created by a linguist and Manx language scholar Adrian J. Pilgrim in 1965. It is chiefly based on English, Dutch, German, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish and is intended to be a zonal constructed language for Northern Europe.-Samples:The numbers from 1...
for Northern Europe by A.J. Pilgrim (1965) and Mezduslavjanski jezik
Mezduslavjanski jezik
Mezhdunarodny Nauchny Yazyk is a constructed language proposed by Kovalyov in 1911.-Examples:"li menzil fo patr", the home of the father;-Bibliography:Dulichenko, A. D...
for Slavs
Slavic peoples
The Slavic people are an Indo-European panethnicity living in Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. The term Slavic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people, who speak languages belonging to the Slavic language family and share, to varying degrees, certain...
by Ladislav Podmele 1958. Nowadays, most older zonal constructed languages are known only to specialists. The best-known Slavic zonal constructed languages of more recent date are Slovianski
Slovianski
Slovianski is a Slavic interlanguage, created in 2006 by a group of language creators from different countries. Its purpose is to facilitate communication between representatives of different Slavic nations, as well as to allow people who don't know any Slavic language to communicate with Slavs...
and Slovio
Slovio
Slovio is a constructed language begun in 1999 by Mark Hučko. Hučko claims that the language should be relatively easy for non-Slavs to learn as well, as an alternative to tongues such as Esperanto which are based more on Latin root words. The vocabulary is based on the shared lexical foundation...
.
Apart from these European examples, there have also been attempts on other continents - Afrihili
Afrihili
Afrihili is a constructed language designed in 1970 by Ghanaian historian K. A. Kumi Attobrah to be used as a lingua franca in all of Africa. The name of the language is a combination of Africa and Swahili...
by K. A. Kumi Attobrah, which was created to be used as a lingua franca
Lingua franca
A lingua franca is a language systematically used to make communication possible between people not sharing a mother tongue, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both mother tongues.-Characteristics:"Lingua franca" is a functionally defined term, independent of the linguistic...
in all of Africa.
A dialect which naturally emerges as a means of communication among speakers of divergent dialects of a language is known as a koiné language
Koine language
In linguistics, a koiné language is a standard language or dialect that has arisen as a result of contact between two mutually intelligible varieties of the same language. Since the speakers have understood one another from before the advent of the koiné, the koineization process is not as rapid...
.
List of Slavic zonal constructed languages
- Lydnevi, Mrezian, Seversk, Salveni, and Slavisk created by Libor Sztemon
- Lingua slavika universalis or Universalis Lingua Slavica
- Mezduslavjanski jezikMezduslavjanski jezikMezhdunarodny Nauchny Yazyk is a constructed language proposed by Kovalyov in 1911.-Examples:"li menzil fo patr", the home of the father;-Bibliography:Dulichenko, A. D...
- Neposlava
- Novoslovienskij jazyk
- Novslava lingvo
- Obshcheslavyansky Yazyk
- Proslava
- Slava Esperanto (Josef Konechny, Prague, 1912)
- Slovachtina (E. Kolkop, PraguePraguePrague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
, 1913) - Slovanŝtino
- Slovenski
- SlovianskiSlovianskiSlovianski is a Slavic interlanguage, created in 2006 by a group of language creators from different countries. Its purpose is to facilitate communication between representatives of different Slavic nations, as well as to allow people who don't know any Slavic language to communicate with Slavs...
- SlovioSlovioSlovio is a constructed language begun in 1999 by Mark Hučko. Hučko claims that the language should be relatively easy for non-Slavs to learn as well, as an alternative to tongues such as Esperanto which are based more on Latin root words. The vocabulary is based on the shared lexical foundation...
- Slovioski
List of Germanic zonal constructed languages
- Anglo-germana
- Chathan
- EuronordEuronordEuronord is an international auxiliary language created by a linguist and Manx language scholar Adrian J. Pilgrim in 1965. It is chiefly based on English, Dutch, German, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish and is intended to be a zonal constructed language for Northern Europe.-Samples:The numbers from 1...
- FolkspraakFolkspraakFolkspraak is an incompletely developed zonal constructed language based on Germanic languages and intended to be easy to learn for any native...
- Nordlinn
- Pangermanic
- TutonishTutonishTutonish is a constructed language created by Elias Molee. He worked on it for several years before publishing it for the first time in 1902...
- UniversalspråketUniversalspraketUniversalspråket or Universal language is a Zonal constructed language for Scandinavian countries created by K. T. G. Keyser in 1918.-Bibliography:*K. T. G. Keyser: Universalspråket. Stockholm: Svenska Andelsförl., 1918. 400 pages....
List of other zonal constructed languages
- AfrihiliAfrihiliAfrihili is a constructed language designed in 1970 by Ghanaian historian K. A. Kumi Attobrah to be used as a lingua franca in all of Africa. The name of the language is a combination of Africa and Swahili...
- Budinos
- EuropéEuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
- Interlatino
- Langue paneurope (J. Kainulainen, Paris, 1949)
- Romanova