Zunyi
Encyclopedia
Zunyi is a prefecture-level city
in Guizhou
province in southwestern China. Along with Guiyang
and Liupanshui
, it is one of the most important cities of the province. The two main districts of the city, Huichuan and Honghuagang, have a population of around 800,000 people, and the whole region, including 14 county-level administration area as a whole, has a population of approximately 7 million.
-influenced, four-season humid subtropical climate
(Köppen
Cfa) that is largely mild and humid. Winters may occasionally feature frost and are generally interminably dreary and grey. Summers are hot and humid, though not as much so as the lower-elevation cities further to the east. Monthly mean temperatures range from 4.5 °C (40.1 °F) in January to 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) in July. Some rainfall occurs during the winter months, but most of the year's total occurs from May to August.
was first elected to the leadership of the Communist Party of China
during the Long March
. After this famous "Zunyi meeting", Mao Zedong
and other two leaders formed a group to control the procedure of the Long March
. Chinese tourists come to take photographs in the meeting hall where this historic election took place (at the Zunyi Conference
). This historical meeting hall once belonged to a local warlord and after being occupied by the Red Army served as the temporary headquarters.
Zunyi Medical College
(ZMC), located in beautiful historical city of Zunyi, was the former Dalian Medical College which was founded in 1947. The College was moved from Dalian to Zunyi and renamed Zunyi Medical College with the approval of the State Council in 1969. After 60 years development, ZMC has already grown into a comprehensive medical college with many disciplines.
ZMC has 19 undergraduate programs and 17 postgraduate programs. 52 branches of the college are qualified to recruit postgraduate students from all over the country, including Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and it can also provide master's degrees for students who have the same educational level as school graduates . Also the college is authorized to award the master's degrees to postgraduate students of clinical medicine and stomatology.
ZMC has 4 key provincial disciplines namely the Pharmacology discipline, the molecular biology discipline (immunology, biochemistry), the internal medicine discipline and the oral cavity clinical medicine discipline and two provincial key laboratories-Guizhou Province Cellular Engineering Key Laboratory and the Guizhou Province Fundamental Pharmacology Laboratory.
ZMC mainly consists of 5 teaching sectors, 9 departments, 89 teaching research sections, 42 laboratories, 21 research sections and 2 central laboratories. Also it has an independent institute - Medicine and Technical Institute of ZMC. The library of ZMC has a collection of 820,000 volumes, which is managed by advanced microcomputer system for the convenient data searches, and exchange data with over 600 colleges and universities all over the country. The college also has 7 affiliated hospitals.
Zunyi Medical College has a stronger rank of staff 2,000 currently, more than 550 professors and associate professors, 660 lecturers. The college also owns more than 250 teachers, who have got either doctor's degrees or master's degrees . They are the academic backbones of the college. 9 of them are among the list of the cross-century talents foster program and are regarded as the provincial outstanding experts. And 30 teachers enjoy national or provincial government special allowance. There is a well-organized teaching team which is composed of the scholars study abroad, doctors and masters and professors of young talents.
The motto of ZMC is: cherishing virtues and studying hard; looking for the truth and being practical.
Another college-level institution of Zunyi is Zunyi Normal College(遵义师范学院). http://www.zync.edu.cn/
, visited to enjoy its fiery hot local cuisine, including yangrou fen (spicy hot rice noodle soup with lamb and bean curd).
This is made with Lai fen, a kind of thick wide round rice noodle that is made locally (at a factory in the town of Gaoping
), and is difficult to find elsewhere.
The rice liquor Maotai (Moutai) is brewed nearby, as is Dongjiu. The local beer Gaoyuan is quite delicious.
Liu Er Ma Mi Pi (刘二妈米皮 Liú èr mā mǐ pí): This snacking dish made with thick flat rice noodles is eaten by locals frequently as a light meal or to tide off hunger. The red oil sauce makes liberal use of Sichuan pepper giving it a distinctive numbing quality on the tongue. It also leaves a peculiar tickle in the back of the throat making it worth a try. Aside from the red oil sauce, it contains a few scraps of meat and preserved vegetables.
Yang Rou Fen (羊肉 粉 yáng-ròu fěn): Unlike its Guiyang cousin, this rice noodle dish dish is made using strips of mutton. Owing to the tastes of locals, yangroufen only comes available in a spicy broth. Addition of extra chilis during the cooking process is optional and you will be asked whether you want it or not. Yangroufen is rich and filling and often eaten for breakfast in Zunyi. Many shops remain open 24 hours making it a popular midnight snack as well. Pickled cabbage and radishes are available in the large glass urns in every shop - just help yourself. This dish is representative of Zunyi people who have a love affair with mutton.
NOTE: Mutton in China - the character 羊 (yáng) means both sheep and goat in Chinese. As a result, 羊肉 (yáng-ròu) is usually translated as mutton. Most often in Guizhou at least, mutton refers to the meat of the 山羊 (shān-yáng) which is a shaggy mountain goat raised for its hair and meat in the hills of the province.
Dou Hua Mian (豆花 面 dòu-huā miàn): Interestingly named, douhuamian literally means "Bean Flower Noodles." It consists of Douhua which is a type of semi-firm tofu served in a semi-clear soup, long flat wheat noodles and a separate bowl containing preserved meat, spices, oil, soy, vinegre and fresh mint leaves. To eat as the locals do, place the bowl with the noodles and tofu behind the smaller dipping bowl. Pull out some douhua or noodles, dip them liberally in the sauce and then consume. At the end of the meal, finish off the solids in the dip and drink the soup from the douhua.
It is said that the local mountain water accounts for the quality of these locally-brewed beverages, although pollution currently threatens the water of the Chishui River, from which Maotai is made.http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSPEK29292220070515
About 20 minutes northwest of Zunyi, Jindingshan is a pleasant pilgrimage site for Zunyi residents. One can visit the mountain and return the same day although the majority of visitor spend the night in the village below the summit. Pilgrims rise early to try to catch the sunrise from the summit. There is basic accommodation available (dorm style rooms yearound or tents in the summer) for ¥10-15 per person. In the summer the village hosts local entrepreneurs selling various street fare. The scenery on the mountain is lovely and the temples themselves are interesting if a bit run-down. In recent year donations from the faithful have restored some of the temples. To get to Jindingshan simply recruit a minivan at the local bus station about 100 meters north of Gaoqiao. Taxis, minivans, buses and even locals on their way to market can be recruited for the ride back to town.
Chishui scenic resort features five types of natural landscapes; waterfalls, immense forests of bamboo, groups of horse chestnut trees, 'red cloud' land forms and virgin forests, as well as the historic culture of the Long March. Its well-known scenic spots include Shizhang Cavern waterfall, Hushi Immense Forests of Bamboo, Jingsha vale Horse Chestnut, Shidong Vale Waterfall Group, and Ever-bright Moonlight Lake etc. This area is known by foreign and domestic experts as "City of Numerous Waterfalls", "Fatherland of Bamboo" and "First-rate Red Clouds".
Kingdom of Horse Chestnuts
As a lone surviving plant, horse chestnuts are attributed to the giant trees which were coexistent with dinosaur during Jurassic Period two hundred million years ago. On the verge of extinction, they are rare and, unfortunately, few places have the proper habitat to sustain these wonderful trees. Cishuijingsha is the only natural park in this province approved by tile State Council for the protection of horse chestnuts. With graceful peaks and ridges, old trees reaching to the skies, water tumbling down sheer red cliffs, it is an ideal place for ecological travel and scientific survey.
The Zunyi Conference Site
Located on Hongqi Road in the old section of Zunyi, this is a two-story wood and brick building, built in the combined styles of Chinese and Western architecture. In January 1935, the Red Army arrived in Zunyi on their historic Long March and held a conference of great significance there. Listed as a major cultural relic site under state protection, the building now houses the Zunyi Conference Memorial Museum. The slogans written at the time have been preserved.
Prefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
in Guizhou
Guizhou
' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. Its provincial capital city is Guiyang.- History :...
province in southwestern China. Along with Guiyang
Guiyang
Guiyang is the capital of Guizhou province of Southwest China. It is located in the centre of the province, situated on the east of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, and on the north bank of the Nanming River, a branch of the Wu River. The city has an elevation of about 1,100 meters...
and Liupanshui
Liupanshui
Liupanshui is a city whose urban area has 251,900 inhabitants in Western Guizhou province in the People's Republic of China. The population of its jurisdictional area has exceeded 2,830,000 as of 2006, and it is the second largest city in Guizhou...
, it is one of the most important cities of the province. The two main districts of the city, Huichuan and Honghuagang, have a population of around 800,000 people, and the whole region, including 14 county-level administration area as a whole, has a population of approximately 7 million.
Geography
Zunyi is located in North Guizhou province, situated at the side of the Xiangjiang River - a branch of Wujiang River. The elevation of the city is approximately 900 metres. Due to its situation on the Yungui Plateau, the city has a monsoonMonsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
-influenced, four-season humid subtropical climate
Humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters...
(Köppen
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...
Cfa) that is largely mild and humid. Winters may occasionally feature frost and are generally interminably dreary and grey. Summers are hot and humid, though not as much so as the lower-elevation cities further to the east. Monthly mean temperatures range from 4.5 °C (40.1 °F) in January to 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) in July. Some rainfall occurs during the winter months, but most of the year's total occurs from May to August.
Transportation
- China National Highway 210China National Highway 210China National Highway 210 runs from Baotou, Inner Mongolia to Nanning, Guangxi Province. It is 3,097 kilometres in length and runs south from Baotou towards Shaanxi Province, Sichuan Province, Chongqing, Guizhou Province, and ends in Guangxi Province.- Route and distance:-References:*...
- Moutai Highway
- Hang-Rui (Hangzhou-Ruili) Highway (under construction)
- Sichuan-Guizhou (Chuan-Qian) Rail
- Zunyi Xinzhou AirportZunyi Xinzhou AirportZunyi Xinzhou Airport is a major military air base that is being converted to a dual-use military and civilian airport to serve the city of Zunyi in Guizhou Province, China. It is located in the town of Xinzhou in Xinpu New Area. The military airport was built in 1966 and completed in 1970...
(under construction) - Chongqing-Guizhou (Yu-Qian) Rapid Rail (under construction)
History
Zunyi is known for being the location where Mao ZedongMao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
was first elected to the leadership of the Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China
The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
during the Long March
Long March
The Long March was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south...
. After this famous "Zunyi meeting", Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung , and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, Marxist political philosopher, and leader of the Chinese Revolution...
and other two leaders formed a group to control the procedure of the Long March
Long March
The Long March was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south...
. Chinese tourists come to take photographs in the meeting hall where this historic election took place (at the Zunyi Conference
Zunyi Conference
The Zunyi Conference was a meeting of the Communist Party of China in January of 1935 during the Long March. This meeting involved a power struggle between the leadership of Bo Gu and Otto Braun and the opposition led by Mao Zedong. The result was that Mao left the meeting in position to take...
). This historical meeting hall once belonged to a local warlord and after being occupied by the Red Army served as the temporary headquarters.
Economy
Zunyi is the economic and commercial hub of the North Guizhou Province. The GDP of the city accounts for one quarter of the whole province among its 9 prefecture-level divisions.Culture
Being known as the "home of culture" of Guizhou province, Zunyi, or the North-Guizhou area, is the education and Economics centre of the province.Institutions of higher learning
- Zunyi Medical College (遵义 医学院 Zūn-yì yī-xué-yuàn) http://www.zmc.gz.cn/
Zunyi Medical College
Zunyi Medical College
Zunyi Medical College is an medical university in Zunyi, Guizhou province of the People's Republic of China.-History:The college was founded in 1947 as the Dalian Medical College. The college was relocated from Dalian to Zunyi and renamed Zunyi Medical College in 1969...
(ZMC), located in beautiful historical city of Zunyi, was the former Dalian Medical College which was founded in 1947. The College was moved from Dalian to Zunyi and renamed Zunyi Medical College with the approval of the State Council in 1969. After 60 years development, ZMC has already grown into a comprehensive medical college with many disciplines.
ZMC has 19 undergraduate programs and 17 postgraduate programs. 52 branches of the college are qualified to recruit postgraduate students from all over the country, including Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and it can also provide master's degrees for students who have the same educational level as school graduates . Also the college is authorized to award the master's degrees to postgraduate students of clinical medicine and stomatology.
ZMC has 4 key provincial disciplines namely the Pharmacology discipline, the molecular biology discipline (immunology, biochemistry), the internal medicine discipline and the oral cavity clinical medicine discipline and two provincial key laboratories-Guizhou Province Cellular Engineering Key Laboratory and the Guizhou Province Fundamental Pharmacology Laboratory.
ZMC mainly consists of 5 teaching sectors, 9 departments, 89 teaching research sections, 42 laboratories, 21 research sections and 2 central laboratories. Also it has an independent institute - Medicine and Technical Institute of ZMC. The library of ZMC has a collection of 820,000 volumes, which is managed by advanced microcomputer system for the convenient data searches, and exchange data with over 600 colleges and universities all over the country. The college also has 7 affiliated hospitals.
Zunyi Medical College has a stronger rank of staff 2,000 currently, more than 550 professors and associate professors, 660 lecturers. The college also owns more than 250 teachers, who have got either doctor's degrees or master's degrees . They are the academic backbones of the college. 9 of them are among the list of the cross-century talents foster program and are regarded as the provincial outstanding experts. And 30 teachers enjoy national or provincial government special allowance. There is a well-organized teaching team which is composed of the scholars study abroad, doctors and masters and professors of young talents.
The motto of ZMC is: cherishing virtues and studying hard; looking for the truth and being practical.
Another college-level institution of Zunyi is Zunyi Normal College(遵义师范学院). http://www.zync.edu.cn/
Culture of food and liquor
Zunyi is known for being a place where Chinese leaders, including Deng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping was a Chinese politician, statesman, and diplomat. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng was a reformer who led China towards a market economy...
, visited to enjoy its fiery hot local cuisine, including yangrou fen (spicy hot rice noodle soup with lamb and bean curd).
This is made with Lai fen, a kind of thick wide round rice noodle that is made locally (at a factory in the town of Gaoping
Gaoping, Guizhou
Gaoping is a small town in the mountains near Zunyi, in Guizhou province, People's Republic of China.It is near the Moutai brewery, where Maotai rice liquor is brewed....
), and is difficult to find elsewhere.
The rice liquor Maotai (Moutai) is brewed nearby, as is Dongjiu. The local beer Gaoyuan is quite delicious.
Liu Er Ma Mi Pi (刘二妈米皮 Liú èr mā mǐ pí): This snacking dish made with thick flat rice noodles is eaten by locals frequently as a light meal or to tide off hunger. The red oil sauce makes liberal use of Sichuan pepper giving it a distinctive numbing quality on the tongue. It also leaves a peculiar tickle in the back of the throat making it worth a try. Aside from the red oil sauce, it contains a few scraps of meat and preserved vegetables.
Yang Rou Fen (羊肉 粉 yáng-ròu fěn): Unlike its Guiyang cousin, this rice noodle dish dish is made using strips of mutton. Owing to the tastes of locals, yangroufen only comes available in a spicy broth. Addition of extra chilis during the cooking process is optional and you will be asked whether you want it or not. Yangroufen is rich and filling and often eaten for breakfast in Zunyi. Many shops remain open 24 hours making it a popular midnight snack as well. Pickled cabbage and radishes are available in the large glass urns in every shop - just help yourself. This dish is representative of Zunyi people who have a love affair with mutton.
NOTE: Mutton in China - the character 羊 (yáng) means both sheep and goat in Chinese. As a result, 羊肉 (yáng-ròu) is usually translated as mutton. Most often in Guizhou at least, mutton refers to the meat of the 山羊 (shān-yáng) which is a shaggy mountain goat raised for its hair and meat in the hills of the province.
Dou Hua Mian (豆花 面 dòu-huā miàn): Interestingly named, douhuamian literally means "Bean Flower Noodles." It consists of Douhua which is a type of semi-firm tofu served in a semi-clear soup, long flat wheat noodles and a separate bowl containing preserved meat, spices, oil, soy, vinegre and fresh mint leaves. To eat as the locals do, place the bowl with the noodles and tofu behind the smaller dipping bowl. Pull out some douhua or noodles, dip them liberally in the sauce and then consume. At the end of the meal, finish off the solids in the dip and drink the soup from the douhua.
It is said that the local mountain water accounts for the quality of these locally-brewed beverages, although pollution currently threatens the water of the Chishui River, from which Maotai is made.http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSPEK29292220070515
Around Zunyi
Jin Ding Shan (金鼎山)About 20 minutes northwest of Zunyi, Jindingshan is a pleasant pilgrimage site for Zunyi residents. One can visit the mountain and return the same day although the majority of visitor spend the night in the village below the summit. Pilgrims rise early to try to catch the sunrise from the summit. There is basic accommodation available (dorm style rooms yearound or tents in the summer) for ¥10-15 per person. In the summer the village hosts local entrepreneurs selling various street fare. The scenery on the mountain is lovely and the temples themselves are interesting if a bit run-down. In recent year donations from the faithful have restored some of the temples. To get to Jindingshan simply recruit a minivan at the local bus station about 100 meters north of Gaoqiao. Taxis, minivans, buses and even locals on their way to market can be recruited for the ride back to town.
- View from Jindingshan
- Loushan Pass Battlefield
- Hai Long Tun Fortress
- Song Tombs
- MaotaiMaotaiMaotai, or Moutai , is a Chinese liquor, or baijiu.It is produced in the town of Maotai , in the city of Renhuai, Guizhou province, Southwest China. It is believed that the town of Maotai possesses a unique climate and vegetation that contributes to the taste of the drink...
- Chishui CityChishui CityChishui is a city of Guizhou Province, China. It is under the administration of Zunyi city.-Geography:The city has a total area of 1,801 km².-Population:As of 2007, the city had a population of 300,000....
Points of Interest
Chishui scenic resortChishui scenic resort features five types of natural landscapes; waterfalls, immense forests of bamboo, groups of horse chestnut trees, 'red cloud' land forms and virgin forests, as well as the historic culture of the Long March. Its well-known scenic spots include Shizhang Cavern waterfall, Hushi Immense Forests of Bamboo, Jingsha vale Horse Chestnut, Shidong Vale Waterfall Group, and Ever-bright Moonlight Lake etc. This area is known by foreign and domestic experts as "City of Numerous Waterfalls", "Fatherland of Bamboo" and "First-rate Red Clouds".
Kingdom of Horse Chestnuts
As a lone surviving plant, horse chestnuts are attributed to the giant trees which were coexistent with dinosaur during Jurassic Period two hundred million years ago. On the verge of extinction, they are rare and, unfortunately, few places have the proper habitat to sustain these wonderful trees. Cishuijingsha is the only natural park in this province approved by tile State Council for the protection of horse chestnuts. With graceful peaks and ridges, old trees reaching to the skies, water tumbling down sheer red cliffs, it is an ideal place for ecological travel and scientific survey.
The Zunyi Conference Site
Located on Hongqi Road in the old section of Zunyi, this is a two-story wood and brick building, built in the combined styles of Chinese and Western architecture. In January 1935, the Red Army arrived in Zunyi on their historic Long March and held a conference of great significance there. Listed as a major cultural relic site under state protection, the building now houses the Zunyi Conference Memorial Museum. The slogans written at the time have been preserved.