1170s in England
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 1170s in England: |
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| 1150s 1150s in England Events from the 1150s in England.-Events:* 1150** Henry, son of Empress Matilda, becomes Duke of Normandy.** The Anarchy: Worcester sacked.* 1151** Henry pays homage to Louis VII of France, and cedes Vexin to France.* 1152... | 1160s 1160s in England Events from the 1160s in England.-Events:* 1160** 2 November - Marriage of Henry the Young King and Marguerite, daughter of Louis VII of France; King Henry II takes control of Norman Vexin.* 1161** Canonisation of Edward the Confessor.... | 1170s | 1180s 1180s in England Events from the 1180s in England.-Incumbents:Monarch - King Henry II , King Richard I-Events:* 1180** September - King Henry II renews the Pact of Ivry with the newly crowned King Philip II of France.... | 1190s 1190s in England Events from the 1190s in England.-Incumbents:Monarch – King Richard I , King John-Events:* 1190** 6 February - Massacre of almost all Jews in Norwich.** 7 March - Massacre of Jews at Stamford Fair.... |
Events from the 1170s in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
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Events
- 1170
- April - Henry holds an inquiry into the financial dealings of his sheriffSheriffA sheriff is in principle a legal official with responsibility for a county. In practice, the specific combination of legal, political, and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country....
s. - 14 June - Coronation of Henry the Young KingHenry the Young KingHenry, known as the Young King was the second of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine but the first to survive infancy. He was officially King of England; Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine.-Early life:Little is known of the young prince Henry before the events...
, son of Henry II of EnglandHenry II of EnglandHenry II ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France. Henry, the great-grandson of William the Conqueror, was the...
, by Roger, Archbishop of YorkRoger de Pont L'EvêqueRoger de Pont L'Évêque was a contemporary of Thomas Becket and later Archbishop of York. Born in Normandy, he preceded Becket as Archdeacon of Canterbury, and together with Becket served Theobald of Bec while Theobald was Archbishop of Canterbury...
. - 22 July - There is a reconciliation between Henry II and Thomas BecketThomas BecketThomas Becket was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his murder in 1170. He is venerated as a saint and martyr by both the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion...
, the Archbishop of CanterburyArchbishop of CanterburyThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...
, in Fréteval in Western FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. - 21 September - Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of PembrokeRichard de Clare, 2nd Earl of PembrokeRichard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland . Like his father, he was also commonly known as Strongbow...
captures Dublin. - 29 December - Murder of Thomas Becket by four of Henry II's knights Reginald FitzurseReginald FitzurseSir Reginald FitzUrse was one of the four knights who murdered Thomas Becket in 1170.His name is derived from Fitz which is a contracted form of the Norman-French fils de, meaning "son of" and Urse from the Latin ursus, meaning a bear, probable nom de guerre of his ancestor...
, Hugh de MorvilleHugh de Morville, Lord of WestmorlandSir Hugh de Morville was an Anglo-Norman knight who served King Henry II of England in the late 12th century. He is chiefly famous as one of the assassins of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury in 1170...
, William de TracyWilliam de TracySir William de Tracy, Knt., was Lord of the Manor of Toddington, Gloucestershire, feudal Baron of Bradninch, near Exeter, and Lord of Moretonhampstead, Devon...
, and Richard le BretonRichard le BretonSir Richard le Breton was one of the four knights who murdered Saint Thomas Becket.He was the son of Simon le Bret or Simon Brito of Sampford Brett in Somerset and a near neighbour of the FitzUrses of Williton...
inside Canterbury CathedralCanterbury CathedralCanterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England and forms part of a World Heritage Site....
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- April - Henry holds an inquiry into the financial dealings of his sheriff
- 1171
- 16 October - Henry II lands in IrelandIrelandIreland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
and declares himself Lord of IrelandLordship of IrelandThe Lordship of Ireland refers to that part of Ireland that was under the rule of the king of England, styled Lord of Ireland, between 1177 and 1541. It was created in the wake of the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169–71 and was succeeded by the Kingdom of Ireland...
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- 16 October - Henry II lands in Ireland
- 1172
- 17 April - Henry leaves Ireland, having received the support of the Church for his claim.
- 21 May - In Avranches Cathedral, Henry II performs a ceremony of penance for the death of Becket, in return for a papal agreement to clear him of the murder.
- 1173
- 21 February - Canonisation of Thomas Becket; his tomb becomes a shrine and popular pilgrimagePilgrimageA pilgrimage is a journey or search of great moral or spiritual significance. Typically, it is a journey to a shrine or other location of importance to a person's beliefs and faith...
destination. - March - Beginning of the Revolt of 1173–1174, a dispute between Henry II and three of his sons over the territories they control. William I of ScotlandWilliam I of ScotlandWilliam the Lion , sometimes styled William I, also known by the nickname Garbh, "the Rough", reigned as King of the Scots from 1165 to 1214...
invades the North of England in support of the rebellion.
- 21 February - Canonisation of Thomas Becket; his tomb becomes a shrine and popular pilgrimage
- 1174
- 7 April - Richard of DoverRichard of DoverRichard was a medieval Benedictine monk and Archbishop of Canterbury. Employed by Thomas Becket immediately before Becket's death, Richard arranged for Becket to be buried in Canterbury Cathedral and eventually succeeded Becket at Canterbury in a contentious election...
enthroned as Archbishop of CanterburyArchbishop of CanterburyThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...
. - 12 July - Henry II does penance at CanterburyCanterburyCanterbury is a historic English cathedral city, which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a district of Kent in South East England. It lies on the River Stour....
for the murder of Becket. - 13 July - Battle of AlnwickBattle of Alnwick (1174)The Battle of Alnwick is one of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick, in Northumberland, England. In the battle, which occurred on 12 July 1174, William I of Scotland, also known as William the Lion, was captured by a small English force led by Ranulf de Glanvill.-Background:William had...
: William I of ScotlandWilliam I of ScotlandWilliam the Lion , sometimes styled William I, also known by the nickname Garbh, "the Rough", reigned as King of the Scots from 1165 to 1214...
captured after attacking England in support of the revolt. - 30 September - Treaty of Montlouis: the rebellion of Henry II's sons ends peacefully.
- December - Treaty of FalaiseTreaty of FalaiseThe Treaty of Falaise was an agreement made in December 1174 between the captive William I, King of Scots, and the English King Henry II.Having been captured at the Battle of Alnwick during an invasion of Northumbria, William was being held in Falaise in Normandy while Henry sent an army north and...
signed between Henry II and William I of Scotland permits William's release in return for homageHomage (medieval)Homage in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position . It was a symbolic acknowledgment to the lord that the vassal was, literally, his man . The oath known as...
. - The choir of Canterbury CathedralCanterbury CathedralCanterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England and forms part of a World Heritage Site....
destroyed by fire.
- 7 April - Richard of Dover
- 1175
- Henry's son, RichardRichard I of EnglandRichard I was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period...
, begins to subjugate remaining rebels against English rule in AquitaineAquitaineAquitaine , archaic Guyenne/Guienne , is one of the 27 regions of France, in the south-western part of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It comprises the 5 departments of Dordogne, :Lot et Garonne, :Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes...
. - October - Treaty of WindsorTreaty of Windsor (1175)The Treaty of Windsor was signed in 1175 in Windsor, Berkshire between King Henry II of England and the High King of Ireland, Rory O'Connor...
: Henry II recognises Ruaidrí Ua ConchobairRuaidrí Ua ConchobairRuaidrí Ua Conchobair , often anglicised Rory O'Connor, reigned as King of Connacht from 1156 to 1186, and from 1166 to 1198 was the last High King before the Norman invasion of Ireland .Ruaidrí was one of over twenty sons of King...
as High King of IrelandHigh King of IrelandThe High Kings of Ireland were sometimes historical and sometimes legendary figures who had, or who are claimed to have had, lordship over the whole of Ireland. Medieval and early modern Irish literature portrays an almost unbroken sequence of High Kings, ruling from Tara over a hierarchy of...
in return for payment of tribute.
- Henry's son, Richard
- 1176
- January - The Assize of NorthamptonAssize of NorthamptonThe Assize of Northampton, largely based on the Assize of Clarendon of 1166, is among a series of measures taken by King Henry II of England that solidified the rights of the knightly tenants and made all possession of land subject to and guaranteed by royal law.The assize is believed to have been...
passed, making criminal penalties more severe. - Construction of the first stone-built London BridgeLondon BridgeLondon Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames, connecting the City of London and Southwark, in central London. Situated between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge, it forms the western end of the Pool of London...
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- January - The Assize of Northampton
- 1177
- Council of Oxford: Henry II grants CorkCounty CorkCounty Cork is a county in Ireland. It is located in the South-West Region and is also part of the province of Munster. It is named after the city of Cork . Cork County Council is the local authority for the county...
, LimerickLimerickLimerick is the third largest city in the Republic of Ireland, and the principal city of County Limerick and Ireland's Mid-West Region. It is the fifth most populous city in all of Ireland. When taking the extra-municipal suburbs into account, Limerick is the third largest conurbation in the...
, and UlsterUlsterUlster is one of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the north of the island. In ancient Ireland, it was one of the fifths ruled by a "king of over-kings" . Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the ancient kingdoms were shired into a number of counties for administrative and judicial...
to English barons, and makes his son, John of EnglandJohn of EnglandJohn , also known as John Lackland , was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death...
, Lord of Ireland. - 21 September - Pact of Ivry: Non-aggression treaty between England and France, which also lays the foundations for the Third CrusadeThird CrusadeThe Third Crusade , also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin...
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- Council of Oxford: Henry II grants Cork
- 1178
- Foundation of the first CarthusianCarthusianThe Carthusian Order, also called the Order of St. Bruno, is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics. The order was founded by Saint Bruno of Cologne in 1084 and includes both monks and nuns...
abbey in England, at WithamWithamWitham is a town in the county of Essex, in the south east of England with a population of 22,500. It is part of the District of Braintree and is twinned with the town of Waldbröl, Germany. Witham stands between the larger towns of Chelmsford and Colchester...
in SomersetSomersetThe ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the...
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- Foundation of the first Carthusian
- 1179
- April - Establishment of the Grand Assize, using a juryJuryA jury is a sworn body of people convened to render an impartial verdict officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment. Modern juries tend to be found in courts to ascertain the guilt, or lack thereof, in a crime. In Anglophone jurisdictions, the verdict may be guilty,...
to decide legal claims over property ownership, instead of trial by combatTrial by combatTrial by combat was a method of Germanic law to settle accusations in the absence of witnesses or a confession, in which two parties in dispute fought in single combat; the winner of the fight was proclaimed to be right. In essence, it is a judicially sanctioned duel...
. - Richard completes the subjugation of Aquitaine.
- William the EnglishmanWilliam the EnglishmanWilliam the Englishman was an English architect and stonemason. He completed the work done on Canterbury Cathedral in England by the French architect William of Sens, after the latter was badly injured in a fall from scaffolding on the cathedral.He is commemorated on the Albert Memorial in London...
takes over the rebuilding of the choir and Trinity Chapel of Canterbury CathedralCanterbury CathedralCanterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England and forms part of a World Heritage Site....
after the previous architect, William of SensWilliam of SensWilliam of Sens was a 12th century French architect, supposed to have been born at Sens, France.He is referred to in September 1174 as having been the architect who undertook the task of rebuilding the choir of Canterbury cathedral, originally erected by Conrad, the prior of the monastery, and...
, is injured in a fall, introducing the Early English Gothic style of architecture.
- April - Establishment of the Grand Assize, using a jury
Births
- 1172
- Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of OxfordAubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of OxfordAubrey de Vere IV, 2nd Earl of Oxford was the eldest son of Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford and his third wife Agnes of Essex, daughter of Henry de Essex, Lord of Rayleigh. The earl was hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain of England and was considered one of the cronies of King John...
(died 1214) - Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of ChesterRanulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of ChesterRanulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester and 1st Earl of Lincoln , known in some references as the 4th Earl of Chester , was one of the "old school" of Anglo-Norman barons whose loyalty to the Angevin dynasty was consistent but contingent on the receipt of lucrative favours...
(died 1232)
- Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford
- 1175
- Robert GrossetesteRobert GrossetesteRobert Grosseteste or Grossetete was an English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian and Bishop of Lincoln. He was born of humble parents at Stradbroke in Suffolk. A.C...
, statesman, theologian and bishop (approximate date; died 1253)
- Robert Grosseteste
- 1176
- Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of HerefordHenry de Bohun, 1st Earl of HerefordHenry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford was an Anglo-Norman nobleman.He was Earl of Hereford and Hereditary Constable of England from 1199 to 1220.- Lineage :...
(died 1220) - William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (approximate date; died 1226)
- Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford
- 1177
- Robert de RosRobert de RosSir Robert de Ros, or de Roos of Helmsley, , was the grandfather and ancestor of the Barons Ros of Helmsley that was created by writ in 1264. In 1215, Ros joined the confederation of the barons at Stamford...
, baron (died 1226)
- Robert de Ros
Deaths
- 1170
- 29 December — Thomas BecketThomas BecketThomas Becket was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his murder in 1170. He is venerated as a saint and martyr by both the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion...
, Archbishop of CanterburyArchbishop of CanterburyThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...
(born c. 1118)
- 29 December — Thomas Becket
- 1171
- Henry of BloisHenry of BloisHenry of Blois , often known as Henry of Winchester, was Abbot of Glastonbury Abbey from 1126, and Bishop of Winchester from 1129 to his death.-Early life and education:...
, bishop of Winchester (born 1111)
- Henry of Blois
- 1173
- Roger de Clare, 3rd Earl of HertfordRoger de Clare, 3rd Earl of HertfordRoger de Clare was a son of Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare and Alice de Gernon. He succeeded to the earldom when his brother Gilbert died without issue. In 1164 he assisted with the Constitutions of Clarendon. From his munificence to the Church and his numerous acts of piety, Roger was called the...
(born 1116)
- Roger de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford
- 1176
- 25 October — William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of ArundelWilliam d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of ArundelWilliam d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Lincoln and 1st Earl of Arundel , also known as William d'Albini, was son of William d'Aubigny, 'Pincerna' of Old Buckenham Castle in Norfolk, and Maud Bigod, daughter of Roger Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk.-Marriage and Issue:The younger William was an important member...
, politician (born c. 1109) - Rosamund CliffordRosamund CliffordRosamund Clifford , often called "The Fair Rosamund" or the "Rose of the World", was famed for her beauty and was a mistress of King Henry II of England, famous in English folklore....
, mistress of Henry II of EnglandHenry II of EnglandHenry II ruled as King of England , Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France. Henry, the great-grandson of William the Conqueror, was the...
(born 1150)
- 25 October — William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel
- 1177
- Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of NorfolkHugh Bigod, 1st Earl of NorfolkHugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk was born in Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire, England.He was the second son of Roger Bigod , Sheriff of Norfolk, who founded the Bigod name in England...
(born 1095)
- Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk