11th century in poetry
Encyclopedia
Years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" articles.
Events
- The surviving BeowulfBeowulfBeowulf , but modern scholars agree in naming it after the hero whose life is its subject." of an Old English heroic epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines, set in Scandinavia, commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.It survives in a single...
manuscript likely dates to approximately 1000. - Emergence of Occitan as a literary language and of the first troubadors
Poets
- BoyanBoyan (bard)Boyan is the name of a bard who was mentioned in the Rus' epic The Lay of Igor's Campaign as being active at the court of Yaroslav the Wise. He is apostrophized as Volos's grandson in the opening lines of The Lay...
, an early skaldSkaldThe skald was a member of a group of poets, whose courtly poetry is associated with the courts of Scandinavian and Icelandic leaders during the Viking Age, who composed and performed renditions of aspects of what we now characterise as Old Norse poetry .The most prevalent metre of skaldic poetry is...
of RusRus' (people)The Rus' were a group of Varangians . According to the Primary Chronicle of Rus, compiled in about 1113 AD, the Rus had relocated from the Baltic region , first to Northeastern Europe, creating an early polity which finally came under the leadership of Rurik... - Bersi SkáldtorfusonBersi SkáldtorfusonBersi Skáldtorfuson was an Icelandic skald, active around the year 1000. He was a court poet to Earl Sveinn Hákonarson. During the Battle of Nesjar he was captured by King Óláfr Haraldsson's forces...
flourishes in Iceland at the beginning of the century.
Births in the Arabic world
- al-Sharif al-Radi, (born 1016)
- Ibn AmmarIbn AmmarIbn Ammar 1031–1086) was a Muwallad poet from Silves.Ibn Ammar, descended from a Portuguese Muslim family, became Grand Vizier of the taifa of Seville. Though he was poor and unknown, his skill in poetry brought him the friendship of the young Abbad III al-Mu'tamid, who named him prime...
(c. 1031–1086) - Ibn Khafajah, (born 1039)
- Moses ibn EzraMoses ibn EzraRabbi Moses ben Jacob ibn Ezra, known as ha-Sallah was a Jewish, Spanish philosopher, linguist, and poet. He was born at Granada about 1055 – 1060, and died after 1138. Ezra is Jewish by religion but is also considered a great influence in the Arabic world in regards to his works...
(c. 1055–1138), Hebrew poet in Al-AndalusAl-AndalusAl-Andalus was the Arabic name given to a nation and territorial region also commonly referred to as Moorish Iberia. The name describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Muslims , at various times in the period between 711 and 1492, although the territorial boundaries... - Ibn QuzmanIbn QuzmanMuhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Quzman was the single most famous poet in the history of al-Andalus and he is also considered to be one of its most original. He was born and died in Cordoba and has earned his fame by his zajals...
(1078–1160)
Deaths in the Arab world
- Badi' al-Zaman al-HamadhaniBadi' al-Zaman al-HamadhaniBadi' al-Zamān al-Hamadāni or al-Hamadhāni was a Medieval Arab man of letters born in Hamathah . He is best known for his work the maqamat, a collection of 52 episodic stories of a rogue, Abu al-Fath al-Iskandari, as recounted by a narrator, 'Isa b. Hisham...
(967–1007) - Abu ibn Abd Allah al-Ma'arriAl-Ma'arriAbul ʿAla Al-Maʿarri was a blind Arab philosopher, poet and writer....
(973–1057) - Muhammad Ibn Abbad Al MutamidMuhammad Ibn Abbad Al MutamidMuhammad Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid was the third and last ruler of the taifa of Seville in Al-Andalus. He was a member of the Abbadid dynasty....
(1040–1095)
- Ibn AmmarIbn AmmarIbn Ammar 1031–1086) was a Muwallad poet from Silves.Ibn Ammar, descended from a Portuguese Muslim family, became Grand Vizier of the taifa of Seville. Though he was poor and unknown, his skill in poetry brought him the friendship of the young Abbad III al-Mu'tamid, who named him prime...
(c. 1031–1086) - Wallada bint al-MustakfiWallada bint al-MustakfiWallada bint al-Mustakfi , was an Arab Andalusian poet of Arabic language.-Early life:She was the daughter of Muhammad III of Córdoba, one of the last Umayyad Cordoban caliphs, who came to power in 1024 after assassinating the previous caliph Abderraman V, and who was assassinated himself two...
(994–1091)
Works
- Firdawsi's ShahnamehShahnamehThe Shahnameh or Shah-nama is a long epic poem written by the Persian poet Ferdowsi between c.977 and 1010 AD and is the national epic of Iran and related societies...
is published in the first decade of the century. - Qabus namaQabus namaQabus nama or Qabus nameh [variations: Qabusnamah, Qabousnameh, Ghabousnameh, or Ghaboosnameh, in Persian: قابوسنامه, book of Qabus] is a major work of Persian literature from the eleventh century Qabus nama or Qabus nameh [variations: Qabusnamah, Qabousnameh, Ghabousnameh, or Ghaboosnameh, in...
- Rubaiyat of Omar KhayyamRubaiyat of Omar KhayyamThe Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám is the title that Edward FitzGerald gave to his translation of a selection of poems, originally written in Persian and of which there are about a thousand, attributed to Omar Khayyám , a Persian poet, mathematician and astronomer...
dates to the end of the century. - Shahryar-nama
- SiyasatnamaSiyasatnamaSiyāsatnāma , also known as Siyar al-muluk , is the most famous work by Nizam al-Mulk, the founder of Nizamiyyah schools in medieval Persia and vizier to the Seljuq sultans Alp Arslan and Malik Shah...
Persian poets
- Baba TaherBaba TaherBaba Tahir, was an 11th century poet in Persian literature and mystic.-Biography:Baba Tahir is known as one of the most revered and respectable early poets in Iranian literature. Most of his life is clouded in mystery. He was born and lived in Hamadan, the capital city of the Hamedan Province in...
- Rabi'a Balkhi, an early women poet
- Asad GorganiAsad GorganiFakhruddin As'ad Gurgani, also spelled as Fakhraddin Asaad Gorgani , was an 11th-century Persian poet. He versified the story of Vis and Rāmin, a story from the Arsacid period. Contemporary scholar Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub however disagrees with this view, and concludes that the story has a...
- AsjadiAsjadiAbu Nazar Abdul Aziz ibn Mansur Asjadi was a 10th century and 11th century royal Persian poet of Ghaznavid empire located in Ghazni province of current Afghanistan....
- FerdowsiFerdowsiFerdowsi was a highly revered Persian poet. He was the author of the Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran and related societies.The Shahnameh was originally composed by Ferdowsi for the princes of the Samanid dynasty, who were responsible for a revival of Persian cultural traditions after the...
, poet (925–1020) - Omar KhayyámOmar KhayyámOmar Khayyám was aPersian polymath: philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and poet. He also wrote treatises on mechanics, geography, mineralogy, music, climatology and theology....
, poet (1048 in poetry–1131) - HujviriData Ganj BakhshNaqisaan ra pir-e kaamil, kaamilaan ra rahnumaTranslation:Ganj Bakhsh is a manifestation of the Light of God for all peopleA perfect guide unto the imperfect ones and a guide unto the perfect ones-Kashf Al-Mahjub:...
(died 1073) - Abusaeid AbolkheirAbusaeid AbolkheirAbusa'id Abolkhayr or Abū-Sa'īd Abul-Khayr , also known as Sheikh Abusaeid or Abu Sa'eed, was a famous Persian Sufi and poet who contributed extensively to the evolution of Sufi tradition....
(967–1049) - Sanai GhaznaviSanaiHakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi was a Afghan Sufi poet who lived in Ghazna, in what is now Afghanistan between the 11th century and the 12th century. Some people spell his name as Sanayee. He died around 1131.-Life:...
- Abdul Qadir Jilani
- ManuchihriManuchihriAbu Najm Ahmad ibn Ahmad ibn Qaus Manuchehri , a.k.a Manuchehri Damghani, was a royal poet of the 11th century in Persia.He was from Damghan in Iran and he is said to invent the form of musammat in Persian poetry and has the best ones too. He traveled to Tabarestan and was admitted to the court of...
- Sanaayi
- Abolfazl BeyhaghiAbolfazl BeyhaghiAbul-Fazl Bayhaqī , was a Persian historian and author.He wrote the famous work of Persian literature Tarikh-e Mas'oudi ....
, historian - Naser Khosrow, traveller, writer and poet
- Farrokhi Sistani (فرخی سيستانی), poet
- Baba Tahir Oryan
- Rabi'ah QuzdariRabi'ah QuzdariRābi'a bint Ka'b al-Quzdārī , popularly known as Rābi'a Balkhī and Zayn al-'Arab , is a semi-legendary figure of Persian literature and was possibly the first poetess in the history of New Persian poetry. References to her can be found in the poetry of Rūdakī and 'Attār...
- Abu-al-faraj RuniAbu-al-faraj RuniAbul Faraj Runi, born in Lahore, was an 11th century Persian court poet who wrote Mathnavi. His family came from Nishapur in Khorasan.He died at the turn of the 11th-12th century.-References used:...
- The author of Eskandar name the epic of Alexander (Novel)
- Keykavus EskandarQabus namaQabus nama or Qabus nameh [variations: Qabusnamah, Qabousnameh, Ghabousnameh, or Ghaboosnameh, in Persian: قابوسنامه, book of Qabus] is a major work of Persian literature from the eleventh century Qabus nama or Qabus nameh [variations: Qabusnamah, Qabousnameh, Ghabousnameh, or Ghaboosnameh, in...
- Nizam al-MulkNizam al-MulkAbu Ali al-Hasan al-Tusi Nizam al-Mulk, better known as Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk Tusi ; born in 1018 – 14 October 1092) was a Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire...
, author of SiyasatnamaSiyasatnamaSiyāsatnāma , also known as Siyar al-muluk , is the most famous work by Nizam al-Mulk, the founder of Nizamiyyah schools in medieval Persia and vizier to the Seljuq sultans Alp Arslan and Malik Shah... - Tartusi novelist
- AzraqiAzraqiAbul-Mahāsin Abu Bakr Zaynuddin Azraqi was an 11th century poet who lived in Persia.Born in Herat, Firdowsi is said to have taken refuge in his father's house on his flight from Ghazneh to Tus....
- Masud Sa'd SalmanMasud Sa'd SalmanMas'ud-i Sa'd-i Salmān was an 11th century Persian poet of the Ghaznavid empire who is known as the prisoner poet. He lived from 1046 to 1121.-Early life:He was born in 1046 in Lahore to wealthy parents from Hamadan, present-day Iran...
- Uthman MukhtariUthman MukhtariUthman Mukhtari was an 11th century and 12th century poet of Ghaznavids, an empire originating from Ghazna located in Afghanistan.Originating from Ghazna, he is thought to have written the Shahryar-nama, which describes the struggles of Muslims against Indian heathens during the Ghaznavid era.He...
- Qatran TabriziQatran TabriziAbū-Mansūr Qatrān-i Tabrīzī was a royal Persian poet.He was born in Sahar near Arrah, bihar Tabriz and was the most famous panegyrist of his time in Iran. His full name according to an old manuscript handwritten by the famous poet Anvari Abivardi is Abu Mansur Qatran al-Jili al-Azerbaijani...
- Mughatil ibn BakriMughatil ibn BakriMughatil ibn Atieh Bakri was allegedly a Medieval authority of the Al-Nizamiyya of Baghdad, and son in law of Nizam al-Mulk...
- Asadi TusiAsadi TusiAbu Mansur Ali ibn Ahmad Asadi Tusi is arguably the second most important Persian poet of the Iranian national epics, after Ferdowsi who also happens to come from the same town of Tus. He was a poet, a linguist and copyist of ancient manuscripts.- Life :The information on Asadi's lifetime is scant...
- Surabadi
- Nizami Arudhi SamarqandiNizami Arudhi SamarqandiAhmad ibn Umar ibn Alī, known as Nizamī-i Arūzī-i Samarqandī and also Arudi , was a Persian poet and prose writer who flourished between 1110 and 1161 AD. He is particularly famous for his Chahar Maqala , his only work to fully survive.Born in Samarqand, Aruzi spent most of his time in Khorasan...
- Nizami
- Imam Muhammad GhazaliAl-GhazaliAbu Hāmed Mohammad ibn Mohammad al-Ghazzālī , known as Algazel to the western medieval world, born and died in Tus, in the Khorasan province of Persia was a Persian Muslim theologian, jurist, philosopher, and mystic....
- Mohammad Raduyani
- Abhari
- Abu l-Abbas Rabinjani
- Abu-Ali Osmani
- Abul-Ma'ali
Events
- Beginning of Hoysala literature in KannadaKannada languageKannada or , is a language spoken in India predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas and number roughly 50 million, is one of the 30 most spoken languages in the world...
and Sanskrit
Japanese works
Imperial poetry anthologies:- Shūi Wakashū 20 scrolls, 1,351 poems, ordered by ex-Emperor KazanEmperor Kazanwas the 65th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Kazan's reign spanned the years from 984 through 986.-Traditional narrative:...
- Goshūi Wakashū 20 scrolls, approx 1,200 poems, Ordered in 1075 by Emperor ShirakawaEmperor Shirakawawas the 72nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Shirakawa's reign lasted from 1073 to 1087.-Genealogy:Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name was Sadahito-shinnō ....
, completed in 1086.
Japanese poets
- Akazome EmonAkazome Emonwas a Japanese waka poet who lived in the mid-Heian period. She is a member both of the and the .-Biography:Emon is though to be the daughter of Akazome Tokimochi, but her biological father was likely her mother's first husband, Taira Kanemori. Emon was born before her mother's marriage to...
赤染衛門 (956–1041) wakaWaka (poetry)Waka or Yamato uta is a genre of classical Japanese verse and one of the major genres of Japanese literature...
poet of the mid-Heian periodHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
; a member of both the Thirty-six Elder Poetic Sages and Kintō's 36 female poetry immortals (or "sages") of the Kamakura periodKamakura periodThe is a period of Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura Shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura by the first shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo.... - Fujiwara no AkisueFujiwara no Akisuewas a noted Japanese poet and nobleman. He was active at the end of the Heian period, and the son of Fujiwara no Takatsune . He was also a member of the famous poetic and aristocratic clan, the Fujiwara....
藤原顕季 (1055–1123), late Heian periodHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
poet and nobleman, member of the Fujiwara poetic and aristocratic clan - Fujiwara no KintōFujiwara no Kinto, also known as Shijō-dainagon, was a Japanese poet, admired by his contemporaries and a court bureaucrat of the Heian period. His father was the regent Fujiwara no Yoritada and his son Fujiwara no Sadayori...
藤原公任, also known as "Shijō-dainagon" (966–1041), poet and critic; one of the Thirty-six Poetry ImmortalsThirty-six Poetry ImmortalsThe Thirty-six Poetry Immortals are a group of Japanese poets of the Nara, Asuka and Heian periods selected by Fujiwara no Kintō as exemplars of Japanese poetic ability. There are five female poets among them...
; has poems in anthologies including the Shūi Wakashū, the Wakan rōeishūWakan roeishuThe is an anthology of Chinese poems and 31-syllable Japanese waka for singing to fixed melodies .Compiled by Fujiwara no Kintō ca...
, and Shūi Wakashū - Fujiwara no TametokiFujiwara no Tametokiwas a Japanese poet, scholar of Chinese and the father of Murasaki Shikibu . He served as the governor of Echizen Province, during which time he had a daughter Murasaki in 970 or 973....
藤原為時 (died 1029?), poet, minor official and governor of various provinces, scholar of Chinese literatureChinese literatureChinese literature extends thousands of years, from the earliest recorded dynastic court archives to the mature fictional novels that arose during the Ming Dynasty to entertain the masses of literate Chinese...
and the father of Murasaki ShikibuMurasaki ShikibuMurasaki Shikibu was a Japanese novelist, poet and lady-in-waiting at the Imperial court during the Heian period. She is best known as the author of The Tale of Genji, written in Japanese between about 1000 and 1012...
("Lady Murasaki") - Izumi ShikibuIzumi Shikibuwas a mid Heian period Japanese poet. She is a member of the . She was the contemporary of Murasaki Shikibu, and Akazome Emon at the court of Joto Mon'in.-Early life:...
和泉式部 nicknamed "The Floating Lady" 浮かれ女 for her series of passionate affairs (born c. 976 – year of death unknown, sometime after 1033), mid-Heian periodHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
poet, novelist and noblewoman; one of the Thirty-six Poetry ImmortalsThirty-six Poetry ImmortalsThe Thirty-six Poetry Immortals are a group of Japanese poets of the Nara, Asuka and Heian periods selected by Fujiwara no Kintō as exemplars of Japanese poetic ability. There are five female poets among them...
; known for a sequence of affairs at the court in the capital; close friend of Akazome EmonAkazome Emonwas a Japanese waka poet who lived in the mid-Heian period. She is a member both of the and the .-Biography:Emon is though to be the daughter of Akazome Tokimochi, but her biological father was likely her mother's first husband, Taira Kanemori. Emon was born before her mother's marriage to...
, rival of Lady MurasakiMurasaki ShikibuMurasaki Shikibu was a Japanese novelist, poet and lady-in-waiting at the Imperial court during the Heian period. She is best known as the author of The Tale of Genji, written in Japanese between about 1000 and 1012...
, and mother of poet Koshikibu no Naishi; poetry praised by Fujiwara no KintoFujiwara no Kinto, also known as Shijō-dainagon, was a Japanese poet, admired by his contemporaries and a court bureaucrat of the Heian period. His father was the regent Fujiwara no Yoritada and his son Fujiwara no Sadayori... - Minamoto no ShunraiMinamoto no Shunraiwas an important and innovative Japanese poet, who compiled the Gosen Wakashū. He was the son of Minamoto no Tsunenobu ; holder of the second rank in court and of the position of Grand Counsellor). Shunrai was favored by Emperor Go-Sanjo and to a lesser degree Emperor Shirakawa; in no small part...
, also "Minamoto Toshiyori", (c. 1057–1129) poet who compiled the Gosen Wakashū anthology; passed over to compile the Goshūi Wakashū, Shunrai's angry polemical, "Errors in the Goshūishū", apparently led Emperor ShirakawaEmperor Shirakawawas the 72nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.Shirakawa's reign lasted from 1073 to 1087.-Genealogy:Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name was Sadahito-shinnō ....
to appoint him to compile the Kin'yō Wakashū imperial anthology, which was itself controversial - Murasaki ShikibuMurasaki ShikibuMurasaki Shikibu was a Japanese novelist, poet and lady-in-waiting at the Imperial court during the Heian period. She is best known as the author of The Tale of Genji, written in Japanese between about 1000 and 1012...
紫 式 部, not her real name, which is unknown; often called "Lady Murasaki" (c. 973 – c. 1014 or 1025), Heian periodHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
novelist who wrote The Tale of GenjiThe Tale of Genjiis a classic work of Japanese literature attributed to the Japanese noblewoman Murasaki Shikibu in the early 11th century, around the peak of the Heian period. It is sometimes called the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be...
, poet, and a maid of honor of the imperial courtEmperor of JapanThe Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest... - NōinNoinNōin 能因 . Japanese poet and monk of the late Heian period. Lay name: Tachibana no Nagayasu 橘永愷. Along with Izumi Shikibu, Nōin is one of "Thirty-six Medieval Poetry Immortals" of waka poetry selected by Fujiwara no Norikane 藤原範兼 ....
能因, lay name: Tachibana no Nagayasu 橘永愷 (988 – c. 1051), late Heian periodHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
poet and monk; one of the "Thirty-six Medieval Poetry ImmortalsThirty-six Poetry ImmortalsThe Thirty-six Poetry Immortals are a group of Japanese poets of the Nara, Asuka and Heian periods selected by Fujiwara no Kintō as exemplars of Japanese poetic ability. There are five female poets among them...
" - Sei ShōnagonSei ShonagonSei Shōnagon , was a Japanese author and a court lady who served the Empress Teishi around the year 1000 during the middle Heian period. She is best known as the author of The Pillow Book .-Name:...
清少納言 (c. 966–1017), middle Heian PeriodHeian periodThe is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height...
author, poet and court lady who served Empress Teishi/Empress Sadako; best known as the author of The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookis a book of observations and musings recorded by Sei Shōnagon during her time as court lady to Empress Consort Teishi during the 990s and early 11th century in Heian Japan. The book was completed in the year 1002....