1610 in science
Encyclopedia
The year 1610 in science
Science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...

and technology
Technology
Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. The word technology comes ;...

 involved some significant events.

Astronomy

  • January 11 - Galileo Galilei
    Galileo Galilei
    Galileo Galilei , was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism...

     observes Jupiter
    Jupiter
    Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet within the Solar System. It is a gas giant with mass one-thousandth that of the Sun but is two and a half times the mass of all the other planets in our Solar System combined. Jupiter is classified as a gas giant along with Saturn,...

    's four largest moons
    Galilean moons
    The Galilean moons are the four moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo Galilei in January 1610. They are the largest of the many moons of Jupiter and derive their names from the lovers of Zeus: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. Ganymede, Europa and Io participate in a 1:2:4 orbital resonance...

    , Io
    Io (moon)
    Io ) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter and, with a diameter of , the fourth-largest moon in the Solar System. It was named after the mythological character of Io, a priestess of Hera who became one of the lovers of Zeus....

    , Europa
    Europa (moon)
    Europa Slightly smaller than Earth's Moon, Europa is primarily made of silicate rock and probably has an iron core. It has a tenuous atmosphere composed primarily of oxygen. Its surface is composed of ice and is one of the smoothest in the Solar System. This surface is striated by cracks and...

    , Ganymede
    Ganymede (moon)
    Ganymede is a satellite of Jupiter and the largest moon in the Solar System. It is the seventh moon and third Galilean satellite outward from Jupiter. Completing an orbit in roughly seven days, Ganymede participates in a 1:2:4 orbital resonance with the moons Europa and Io, respectively...

    , and Callisto
    Callisto (moon)
    Callisto named after the Greek mythological figure of Callisto) is a moon of the planet Jupiter. It was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei. It is the third-largest moon in the Solar System and the second largest in the Jovian system, after Ganymede. Callisto has about 99% the diameter of the...

    . In the same year he publishes his first observations by telescope
    Telescope
    A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation . The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 1600s , using glass lenses...

     in a short treatise entitled Sidereus Nuncius
    Sidereus Nuncius
    Sidereus Nuncius is a short treatise published in New Latin by Galileo Galilei in March 1610. It was the first scientific treatise based on observations made through a telescope...

    ("Sidereal Messenger").
  • The Orion Nebula
    Orion Nebula
    The Orion Nebula is a diffuse nebula situated south of Orion's Belt. It is one of the brightest nebulae, and is visible to the naked eye in the night sky. M42 is located at a distance of and is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. The M42 nebula is estimated to be 24 light...

     is discovered by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc
    Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc
    Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc was a French astronomer, antiquary and savant who maintained a wide correspondence with scientists and was a successful organizer of scientific inquiry...

    .

Medicine

  • Diphtheria
    Diphtheria
    Diphtheria is an upper respiratory tract illness caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium. It is characterized by sore throat, low fever, and an adherent membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity...

     epidemic
    Epidemic
    In epidemiology, an epidemic , occurs when new cases of a certain disease, in a given human population, and during a given period, substantially exceed what is expected based on recent experience...

     in Naples
    Naples
    Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...

    , during which Marco Aurelio Severino
    Marco Aurelio Severino
    Marco Aurelio Severino was an Italian surgeon and anatomist.-Biography:Severino was born in Tarsia , of Giovanni Jacopo Severino, a lawyer. He died of plague in 1656....

     performs successful tracheotomies
    Tracheotomy
    Among the oldest described surgical procedures, tracheotomy consists of making an incision on the anterior aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the trachea...

    .

Technology

  • Jean Beguin
    Jean Beguin
    Jean Beguin was an iatrochemist noted for his 1610 Tyrocinium Chymicum , which many consider to be one of the first chemistry textbooks. In the 1615 edition of his textbook, Beguin made the first-ever chemical equation or rudimentary reaction diagrams, showing the results of reactions in which...

     publishes Tyrocinium Chymicum
    Tyrocinium Chymicum
    Tyrocinium Chymicum was a published set of chemistry lecture notes started by Jean Beguin in 1610 in Paris, France. It has been suggested that it was the first chemistry text book...

    , the first book of chemistry
    Chemistry
    Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....

     lectures.
  • Tinsel
    Tinsel
    Tinsel is sparkling decorative material that mimics the effect of ice or icicles. When in long narrow strips, it emulates icicles. It was originally a metallic garland for Christmas decoration. The modern production of tinsel typically involves plastic, and is used particularly to decorate...

     is invented by a German silversmith, who uses real silver
    Silver
    Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal...

     for the metal strands.
  • Bagel
    Bagel
    A bagel is a bread product, traditionally shaped by hand into the form of a ring from yeasted wheat dough, roughly hand-sized, which is first boiled for a short time in water and then baked. The result is a dense, chewy, doughy interior with a browned and sometimes crisp exterior...

    s are created in Krakow, Poland and given as gifts to women after childbirth.

Births

  • March 1 - John Pell
    John Pell
    -Early life:He was born at Southwick in Sussex. He was educated at Steyning Grammar School, and entered Trinity College, Cambridge, at the age of thirteen. During his university career he became an accomplished linguist, and even before he took his B.A. degree corresponded with Henry Briggs and...

    , English
    English people
    The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...

     mathematician
    Mathematician
    A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....

     (d. 1685
    1685 in science
    The year 1685 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Medicine:* Govert Bidloo publishes an atlas of human anatomy, Ontleding des menschelyken lichaams, with plates by Gerard de Lairesse.-Technology:...

    )
  • Maria Cunitz
    Maria Cunitz
    Maria Cunitz or Maria Cunitia was an accomplished Silesian astronomer, and one of the most notable female astronomers of the modern era...

    , Silesia
    Silesia
    Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...

    n astronomer
    Astronomer
    An astronomer is a scientist who studies celestial bodies such as planets, stars and galaxies.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using...

     (d. 1664
    1664 in science
    The year 1664 in science and technology involved some significant events.-Mathematics:* January 18 - Isaac Barrow is appointed first Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge....

    )

Deaths

  • Nikola Vitov Gučetić
    Nikola Vitov Gucetic
    Nikola Vitov Gučetić was a ragusan statesman, philosopher, science writer from the Republic of Ragusa and author of one of the first scientific dissertations regarding speleology.-Life:...

    , Ragusa
    Republic of Ragusa
    The Republic of Ragusa or Republic of Dubrovnik was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik in Dalmatia , that existed from 1358 to 1808...

    n polymath
    Polymath
    A polymath is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas. In less formal terms, a polymath may simply be someone who is very knowledgeable...

     (b. 1549
    1549 in science
    The year 1549 in science and technology included some events, a few of which are listed here.-Births:* November 30 - Henry Savile, English polymath and benefactor * Michel Coignet, Flemish scientific instrument-maker...

    )
  • December 31 - Ludolph van Ceulen
    Ludolph van Ceulen
    Ludolph van Ceulen was a German / Dutch mathematician from Hildesheim. He emigrated to the Netherlands....

    , German mathematician (b. 1540
    1540 in science
    The year 1540 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here.-Chemistry:* Valerius Cordus discovers and describes a method of synthesizing ether by adding sulfuric acid to ethyl alcohol....

    )
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