1644 in England
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 1644 in England: |
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| 1642 1642 in England Events from the year 1642 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 4 January - Charles I attempts to arrest five leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape... | 1643 1643 in England Events from the year 1643 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 23 January - English Civil War: Leeds falls to Parliamentary forces.* 13 March - English Civil War: The Roundheads routed the Cavaliers at the First Battle of Middlewich.... | 1644 | 1645 1645 in England Events from the year 1645 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* January - A group of ministers appointed by the Long Parliament draws up the Directory of Public Worship which replaces the Book of Common Prayer... | 1646 1646 in England Events from the year 1646 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 9 January - Battle of Bovey Heath: Parliament secures a significant victory over the Royalists in Devon.* 13 March - Parliament captures Cornwall after Royalists surrender at Truro.... |
Events from the year 1644 in the Kingdom of England
Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and several smaller outlying islands; what today comprises the legal jurisdiction of England...
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Events
- King Charles ICharles I of EnglandCharles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
opens a Royalist 'parliament' at OxfordOxfordThe city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
. - 26 January - First English Civil WarFirst English Civil WarThe First English Civil War began the series of three wars known as the English Civil War . "The English Civil War" was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651, and includes the Second English Civil War and...
: At the Battle of NantwichBattle of NantwichThe Battle of Nantwich was fought during the First English Civil War, between the forces of Parliament and of King Charles I, northwest of the town of Nantwich in Cheshire on 25 January 1644...
the ParliamentariansRoundhead"Roundhead" was the nickname given to the supporters of the Parliament during the English Civil War. Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I and his supporters, the Cavaliers , who claimed absolute power and the divine right of kings...
defeat the RoyalistsCavalierCavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I and son Charles II during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration...
. - 21 March - First English Civil War: Prince RupertPrince Rupert of the RhineRupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, 1st Duke of Cumberland, 1st Earl of Holderness , commonly called Prince Rupert of the Rhine, KG, FRS was a noted soldier, admiral, scientist, sportsman, colonial governor and amateur artist during the 17th century...
effects the Relief of NewarkRelief of NewarkThe Relief of Newark was a Royalist victory during the First English Civil War. It was a personal victory for Prince Rupert of the Rhine, and it resulted in the Royalists holding Newark-on-Trent until very near the end of the War.-Background:...
. - 29 March - First English Civil War: Parliamentary victory at the Battle of CheritonBattle of CheritonThe Battle of Cheriton was an important Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War. It took place on 29 March 1644 and resulted in the defeat of a Royalist army, which threw King Charles I onto the defensive for the remainder of the year.-Campaign:...
. - 29 June - First English Civil War: Royalist victory at the Battle of Cropredy BridgeBattle of Cropredy BridgeThe Battle of Cropredy Bridge was a battle of the English Civil Wars, fought on 29 June 1644 between a Parliamentarian army under Sir William Waller and the Royalist army of King Charles...
. - 2 July - The Battle of Marston MoorBattle of Marston MoorThe Battle of Marston Moor was fought on 2 July 1644, during the First English Civil War of 1642–1646. The combined forces of the Scottish Covenanters under the Earl of Leven and the English Parliamentarians under Lord Fairfax and the Earl of Manchester defeated the Royalists commanded by Prince...
, the largest battle of the English Civil War, produces a crushing victory for the Parliamentary side, ending Charles ICharles I of EnglandCharles I was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles...
's hold on the north of England. - 14 July - Queen Henrietta Maria leaves the country for FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. - 16 July - First English Civil War: Parliamentary forces capture YorkYorkYork is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence...
. - 2 September - Second Battle of LostwithielBattle of LostwithielThe Battles of Lostwithiel or Lostwithiel Campaign, took place near Lostwithiel and Fowey during the First English Civil War in 1644.After defeating the Army of Sir William Waller at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge, King Charles marched west in pursuit of the Parliamentarian army of the Earl of...
, the last major victory for Charles I and the Royalist side in the English Civil War. - 22 October - Newcastle upon TyneNewcastle upon TyneNewcastle upon Tyne is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne...
captured by a ScottishScotlandScotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
army led by Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of LevenAlexander Leslie, 1st Earl of LevenAlexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven was a Scottish soldier in Dutch, Swedish and Scottish service. Born illegitimate and raised as a foster child, he subsequently advanced to the rank of a Dutch captain, a Swedish Field Marshal, and in Scotland became lord general in command of the Covenanters,...
. - 27 October - First English Civil War: Parliamentary victory at the Second Battle of NewburySecond Battle of NewburyThe Second Battle of Newbury was a battle of the English Civil War fought on 27 October, 1644, in Speen, adjoining Newbury in Berkshire. The battle was fought close to the site of the First Battle of Newbury, which took place in late September the previous year.The combined armies of Parliament...
. - 23 November - AreopagiticaAreopagiticaAreopagitica: A speech of Mr. John Milton for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the Parliament of England is a 1644 prose polemical tract by English author John Milton against censorship...
by John MiltonJohn MiltonJohn Milton was an English poet, polemicist, a scholarly man of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell...
is published. - December - ParliamentParliament of EnglandThe Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. In 1066, William of Normandy introduced a feudal system, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics before making laws...
suppresses the celebration of ChristmasChristmasChristmas or Christmas Day is an annual holiday generally celebrated on December 25 by billions of people around the world. It is a Christian feast that commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ, liturgically closing the Advent season and initiating the season of Christmastide, which lasts twelve days...
. - 19 December - The House of CommonsBritish House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 650 members , who are known as Members...
passes the Self-denying OrdinanceSelf-denying OrdinanceThe first Self-denying Ordinance was a bill moved on 9 December 1644 to deprive members of the Parliament of England from holding command in the army or the navy during the English Civil War. It failed to pass the House of Lords. A second Self-denying Ordinance was agreed to on 3 April 1645,...
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Births
- 14 January - Thomas BrittonThomas BrittonThomas Britton was an English charcoal merchant best known as a concert promoter.-Biography:Born in Rushden, Northamptonshire, Britton moved to London at a young age and apprenticed himself to a small coal-man in Clerkenwell...
, concert promoter (died 17141714 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1714 in Great Britain.-Incumbents:*Monarch - Queen Anne , King George I-Events:* March - The Scriblerus Club, an informal group of literary friends, is formed by Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, John Gay, John Arbuthnot , Thomas Parnell, Henry St...
) - 18 January - John PartridgeJohn Partridge (astrologer)John Partridge was an English astrologer. He was also the author and publisher of a number of astrological almanacs and books.-Partridge's life:...
, astrologer (died 17081708 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1708 in Great Britain.-Events:* 13 February - Robert Harley is dismissed from his position as Secretary of State for the Northern Department and Robert Walpole becomes Secretary at War....
) - 21 March - Sir Walter Bagot, 3rd BaronetSir Walter Bagot, 3rd BaronetSir Walter Bagot, 3rd Baronet , a barrister and landowner, succeeded to the title 3rd Baronet of Blithfield Hall, Staffordshire on the death of his father Sir Edward Bagot in 1673....
, Member of Parliament (died 17041704 in EnglandEvents from the year 1704 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 18 May - Robert Harley becomes Secretary of State for the Northern Department....
) - 22 March - Sir James Rushout, 1st BaronetSir James Rushout, 1st BaronetSir James Rushout, 1st Baronet was an English Member of Parliament and baronet.Sir James was made a Baronet at the young age of 17 in 1661 , and later served as Member of Parliament for Evesham and Worcestershire in the Parliament of England.He had several children,...
, Member of Parliament (died 16981698 in EnglandEvents from the year 1698 which occurred in the Kingdom of England.- Events :* 4 January - The Palace of Whitehall is destroyed by fire.* 11 January–21 April - Czar Peter I of Russia visits England as part of his Grand Embassy, making a particular study of shipbuilding.* July 25 - Engineer...
) - 16 June - Henrietta Anne Stuart, Princess of England, Ireland and Scotland (died 16701670 in EnglandEvents from the year 1670 in England.-Events:* 1 June - The secret treaty of Dover is signed between King Charles II of England and France.* 8 July O.S...
) - 30 August - Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of ThanetThomas Tufton, 6th Earl of ThanetThomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet, 18th Baron de Clifford PC was an English nobleman and politician.He was the fourth son of John Tufton, 2nd Earl of Thanet and his wife Margaret Sackville, Baroness Clifford and inherited the title on the death in 1684 of his elder brother Richard Tufton, 5th Earl...
, nobleman and politician (died 17291729 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1729 in Great Britain.-Incumbents:*Monarch - King George II*Prime Minister - Robert Walpole, Whig-Events:* 1 May - A tornado destroys buildings in Sussex and Kent....
) - 14 October - William PennWilliam PennWilliam Penn was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. He was an early champion of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful...
, Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania (died 17181718 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1718 in Great Britain.-Events:* 7 January - Occasional Conformity Act repealed.* 15 May - James Puckle patents the Puckle Gun, an early form of machine gun....
) - Thomas GuyThomas GuyThomas Guy was a British bookseller, speculator and de facto founder of Guy's Hospital, London-Early life:Thomas Guy was born a son of a lighterman, wharf owner and coal-dealer at Southwark. In 1668, after eight years as an apprentice of a bookseller, he began his own bookstore in Lombard Street...
, philanthropist (died 17241724 in Great BritainEvents from the year 1724 in Great Britain.-Incumbents:*Monarch - George I of Great Britain*Prime Minister - Robert Walpole, Whig-Events:...
) - Henry WinstanleyHenry WinstanleyHenry Winstanley was an English engineer who constructed the first Eddystone lighthouse.-Early life and career:He was born in Saffron Walden, Essex, and baptised there on 31 March 1644...
, engineer (died 17031703 in EnglandEvents from the year 1703 in the Kingdom of England.-Events:* 18 May - War of the Spanish Succession: The Duke of Marlborough captures the cities of Cologne, Bonn, Limbourg, Huy and Guelders....
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Deaths
- 30 January - William ChillingworthWilliam ChillingworthWilliam Chillingworth was a controversial English churchman.-Early life:He was born in Oxford, where his father served as mayor; William Laud was his godfather. In June 1618 he became a scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, of which he was made a fellow in June 1628...
, theologian (born 1602) - 2 July - William GascoigneWilliam Gascoigne (scientist)William Gascoigne was an English astronomer, mathematician and maker of scientific instruments from Middleton near Leeds who invented the micrometer...
, scientist (born c. 1610) - 20 July - Peter HaustedPeter HaustedPeter Hausted , Doctor of Divinity, was a "playwright, poet, preacher" in early 17th-century England. In his own time, he was notorious as a flamboyant preacher against Puritan and sectarian dissent in the Church of England, and was remembered for the riot that accompanied the 1632 debut of his...
, poet and playwright (year of birth unknown) - September - Sir Thomas Barrington, 2nd BaronetSir Thomas Barrington, 2nd BaronetSir Thomas Barrington, 2nd Baronet was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1644....
, Member of Parliament (year of birth unknown) - 8 September
- John CokeJohn CokeSir John Coke was an English politician.Coke, the son of Richard and Mary Coke of Trusley, Derbyshire, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge...
, politician (born 1563) - Francis QuarlesFrancis QuarlesFrancis Quarles was an English poet most famous for his Emblem book aptly entitled Emblems.-Career:Francis was born in Romford, Essex, , and baptised there on 8 May 1592. He traced his ancestry to a family settled in England before the Norman Conquest with a long history in royal service...
, poet (born 1592)
- John Coke
- 6 November - Thomas RoeThomas RoeSir Thomas Roe was an English diplomat of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. Roe was an accomplished scholar and a patron of learning.-Life:...
, diplomat (born c.1581) - John BankesJohn BankesSir John Bankes was Attorney General and Chief Justice to King Charles I of England during the English Civil War. He was one of the most prominent members of the Bankes family of Dorset...
, judge (born 1589) - William CrabtreeWilliam CrabtreeWilliam Crabtree was an astronomer, mathematician, and merchant from Broughton, then a township near Manchester, which is now part of Salford, Greater Manchester, England...
, astronomer and mathematician (born 1610) - Edward Dering, antiquary and politician (born 1598)