1860 in France
Encyclopedia
See also:
1859 in France
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other events of 1860,
1861 in France
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Events from the year 1860 in France
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1859 in France
1859 in France
See also:1858 in France,other events of 1859,1860 in France.----Events from the year 1859 in France.-Events:*26 March - A French amateur astronomer claims to have noticed a planet closer to the Sun than Mercury - later named Vulcan....
,
other events of 1860,
1861 in France
1861 in France
See also:1860 in France,other events of 1861,1862 in France.----Events from the year 1861 in France.-Births:*15 February - Charles Édouard Guillaume, physicist, awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 ....
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Events from the year 1860 in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
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Events
- 23 January - Cobden-Chevalier TreatyCobden-Chevalier TreatyThe Cobden–Chevalier Treaty was a Free Trade treaty signed between the United Kingdom and France on 23 January, 1860. It is named after the main British and French originators of the treaty, Richard Cobden MP and Michel Chevalier.-Origins and negotiations:...
Free TradeFree tradeUnder a free trade policy, prices emerge from supply and demand, and are the sole determinant of resource allocation. 'Free' trade differs from other forms of trade policy where the allocation of goods and services among trading countries are determined by price strategies that may differ from...
treatyTreatyA treaty is an express agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations. A treaty may also be known as an agreement, protocol, covenant, convention or exchange of letters, among other terms...
is signed between the United KingdomUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
and France. - 9 April - Typesetter Edouard-Leon Scott de MartinvilleÉdouard-Léon Scott de MartinvilleÉdouard-Léon Scott de Martinville was a French printer and bookseller who lived in Paris. He invented the earliest known sound recording device, the phonautograph, which was patented in France on 25 March 1857....
has his daughter sing the song "Au Clair de la Lune" on his phonautographPhonautographThe phonautograph is the earliest known device for recording sound. Previously, tracings had been obtained of the sound-producing vibratory motions of tuning forks and other objects by physical contact with them, but not of actual sound waves as they propagated through air or other media. Invented...
; producing the world's earliest known sound recording. However, it would not be rediscovered until 2008. - 18 October - At the end of the Second Opium WarSecond Opium WarThe Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war pitting the British Empire and the Second French Empire against the Qing Dynasty of China, lasting from 1856 to 1860...
, British and French troops enter the Forbidden CityForbidden CityThe Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the middle of Beijing, China, and now houses the Palace Museum...
in BeijingBeijingBeijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
. - 24 October - Convention of PekingConvention of PekingThe Convention of Peking or the First Convention of Peking is the name used for three different unequal treaties, which were concluded between Qing China and the United Kingdom, France, and Russia.-Background:...
signed by Chinese with Britain and France.
Births
- 11 February - RachildeRachildeRachilde was the nom de plume of Marguerite Vallette-Eymery, a French author who was born February 11, 1860 in Périgueux, Périgord, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France during the Second French Empire and died on April 4, 1953....
, author (d.19531953 in FranceSee also:1952 in France,other events of 1953,1954 in France.----Events from the year 1953 in France.-Events:*4 January - Operation Bretagne ends, with French victory over the Viet Minh in Vietnam....
). - 25 June - Gustave CharpentierGustave CharpentierGustave Charpentier, , born in Dieuze, Moselle on 25 June 1860, died Paris, 18 February 1956) was a French composer, best known for his opera Louise.-Life and career:...
, composer (d.19561956 in FranceSee also:1955 in France,other events of 1956,1957 in France.----Events from the year 1956 in France.-Events:*2 January - Legislative Election held.*2 March - Morocco declares its independence from France....
). - 16 August - Jules LaforgueJules LaforgueJules Laforgue was an innovative Franco-Uruguayan poet, often referred to as a Symbolist poet. Critics and commentators have also pointed to Impressionism as a direct influence and his poetry has been called "part-symbolist, part-impressionist".-Life:...
, poet (d.18871887 in FranceSee also:1886 in France,other events of 1887,1888 in France.----Events from the year 1887 in France.-Events:*11 January - Louis Pasteur's anti-rabies treatment is defended in the French Academy of Medicine by Dr...
). - 20 August - Raymond PoincaréRaymond PoincaréRaymond Poincaré was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five separate occasions and as President of France from 1913 to 1920. Poincaré was a conservative leader primarily committed to political and social stability...
, statesman, five times Prime Minister of FrancePrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
, President of France (d.19341934 in FranceSee also:1933 in France,other events of 1934,1935 in France.----Events from the year 1934 in France.-Events:*6 February - an anti-parliamentarist demonstration organised in Paris by far-right leagues, finished in a riot and led to a political crisis.*9 February - Gaston Doumergue forms a new...
).
Deaths
- 29 January - Stéphanie de BeauharnaisStéphanie de BeauharnaisStéphanie, Grand Duchess of Baden was the consort of Karl, Grand Duke of Baden.-Biography:...
, consortPrincess consortPrincess consort is a title or an informal designation normally given to the wife of a sovereign prince. Since a male sovereign ruler is generally titled as a king and not a prince, the title of princess consort is not widely used. More rarely, it may be given to the spouse of a king, if the more...
of Karl, Grand Duke of BadenKarl, Grand Duke of BadenCharles, Grand Duke of Baden became ruler of Baden on June 11, 1811 and ruled until his death. He was born in Karlsruhe....
(b.1789). - 14 March - Louis Antoine JullienLouis Antoine JullienLouis Antoine Jullien was a French conductor and composer of light music.Jullien was born in Sisteron, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, and was baptised Louis George Maurice Adolphe Roche Albert Abel Antonio Alexandre Noë Jean Lucien Daniel Eugène Joseph-le-brun Joseph-Barême Thomas Thomas Thomas-Thomas...
, conductor (b.1812). - 24 June - Jérôme BonaparteJérôme BonaparteJérôme-Napoléon Bonaparte, French Prince, King of Westphalia, 1st Prince of Montfort was the youngest brother of Napoleon, who made him king of Westphalia...
, youngest brother of NapoleonNapoleon I of FranceNapoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader during the latter stages of the French Revolution.As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815...
, who made him king of WestphaliaKingdom of WestphaliaThe Kingdom of Westphalia was a new country of 2.6 million Germans that existed from 1807-1813. It included of territory in Hesse and other parts of present-day Germany. While formally independent, it was a vassal state of the First French Empire, ruled by Napoleon's brother Jérôme Bonaparte...
(b.1784). - 22 August - Alexandre-Gabriel DecampsAlexandre-Gabriel Decamps]Alexandre-Gabriel Decamps was a French painter.He was born in Paris. In his youth he travelled in the East, and reproduced Oriental life and scenery with a bold fidelity to nature that puzzled conventional critics...
, painter (b.18031803 in FranceSee also:1802 in France,other events of 1803,1804 in France.----Events from the year 1803 in France.-Events:*30 January - Monroe and Livingston sail for Paris to discuss, and possibly buy, New Orleans: they end completing the Louisiana Purchase....
). - 17 December - Désirée ClaryDésirée ClaryBernardine Eugénie Désirée Clary , one-time fiancée of Napoleon Bonaparte, was a Frenchwoman who became Queen of Sweden and Norway as the consort of King Charles XIV John, a former French General. She officially changed her name there to Desideria, a Latin version of her original name...
, wife of King Charles XIV of SwedenSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
and a one-time fiancée of Napoleon Bonaparte (b.1777).