1878 in art
Encyclopedia
Events
- James McNeill WhistlerJames McNeill WhistlerJames Abbott McNeill Whistler was an American-born, British-based artist. Averse to sentimentality and moral allusion in painting, he was a leading proponent of the credo "art for art's sake". His famous signature for his paintings was in the shape of a stylized butterfly possessing a long stinger...
sues critic John RuskinJohn RuskinJohn Ruskin was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, also an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He wrote on subjects ranging from geology to architecture, myth to ornithology, literature to education, and botany to political...
for libel over his painting Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket. Whistler wins a farthing in nominal damages, and is bankrupted by his legal costs.
Works
- Mary CassattMary CassattMary Stevenson Cassatt was an American painter and printmaker. She lived much of her adult life in France, where she first befriended Edgar Degas and later exhibited among the Impressionists...
- Portrait of the Artist - Eduard CharlemontEduard CharlemontEduard Charlemont was an Austrian painter.-Early life:Eduard Charlemont was born in Vienna, capital of the Austrian Empire in 1848. His father, Matthias Adolf Charlemont, was also a painter, specializing in painting miniature portraits. His younger brother Hugo Charlemont was an equally famous...
- The Moorish Chief - William Merritt ChaseWilliam Merritt ChaseWilliam Merritt Chase was an American painter known as an exponent of Impressionism and as a teacher. He is also responsible for establishing the Chase School, which later would become Parsons The New School for Design.- Early life and training :He was born in Williamsburg , Indiana, to the family...
- A Fishmarket in Venice and The Mandolin Player - Jean-Jacques HennerJean-Jacques HennerJean-Jacques Henner was a French painter, noted for his use of sfumato and chiaroscuro in painting nudes, religious subjects, and portraits....
- The Magdalene - Édouard ManetÉdouard ManetÉdouard Manet was a French painter. One of the first 19th-century artists to approach modern-life subjects, he was a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism....
- Blonde Woman with Bare Breasts (Musée d'OrsayMusée d'OrsayThe Musée d'Orsay is a museum in Paris, France, on the left bank of the Seine. It is housed in the former Gare d'Orsay, an impressive Beaux-Arts railway station built between 1898 and 1900. The museum holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915, including paintings, sculptures, furniture,...
, ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
) - Dante Gabriel RossettiDante Gabriel RossettiDante Gabriel Rossetti was an English poet, illustrator, painter and translator. He founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848 with William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais, and was later to be the main inspiration for a second generation of artists and writers influenced by the movement,...
- A Vision of FiammettaA Vision of FiammettaA Vision of Fiammetta is an oil painting in the Pre-Raphaelite which was created by Dante Gabriel Rossetti in 1878. The painting was one half of one of Rossetti's "double works", accompanying his Ballads and Sonnets . Maria Spartali Stillman modelled for the painting... - Alfred SisleyAlfred SisleyAlfred Sisley was an Impressionist landscape painter who was born and spent most of his life, in France, but retained British citizenship. He was the most consistent of the Impressionists in his dedication to painting landscape en plein air...
- Snow at Louveciennes (Musée d'Orsay, Paris) - William Frederick YeamesWilliam Frederick YeamesWilliam Frederick Yeames was a British painter best known for his oil-on-canvas problem picture And When Did You Last See Your Father?, which depicts the son of a Royalist being questioned by Parliamentarians during the English Civil War.-Biography:Yeames was born in Taganrog, Russia, the son of a...
- And When Did You Last See Your Father? (Walker Art GalleryWalker Art GalleryThe Walker Art Gallery is an art gallery in Liverpool, which houses one of the largest art collections in England, outside of London. It is part of the National Museums Liverpool group, and is promoted as "the National Gallery of the North" because it is not a local or regional gallery but is part...
, LiverpoolLiverpoolLiverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880...
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Births
- 4 January - Augustus JohnAugustus JohnAugustus Edwin John OM, RA, was a Welsh painter, draughtsman, and etcher. For a short time around 1910, he was an important exponent of Post-Impressionism in the United Kingdom....
, painter (d. 19611961 in art-Events:* August 21 - Goya's Portrait of the Duke of Wellington is stolen from the National Gallery in London three weeks after first going on display there.-Works:*Jane Frank - Crags and Crevices*David Hockney - We Two Boys Together Clinging...
) - 16 January - Karl IsaksonKarl IsaksonKarl Oscar Isakson was a Swedish painter who spent much of his professional life in Denmark where he is considered to be one of the fathers of Modernism. He had close associations with the Bornholm school of painters and made many paintings of Christiansø.-Biography:Isakson was brought up in...
, Swedish painter (d. 19221922 in art-Awards:*Archibald Prize: W B McInnes - Professor Harrison Moore*Newbery Medal - Rene Paul Chambellan-Works:*Max Beckmann - The Iron Footbridge*Lydia Field Emmet - Harriet Lancashire White and Her Children*L. S...
) - 27 March - Kathleen ScottKathleen ScottKathleen Scott, Baroness Kennet, FRSBS was a British sculptor.-Early life:Born Edith Agnes Kathleen Bruce at Carlton in Lindrick, Bassetlaw, Nottinghamshire, she was the youngest of eleven children of Canon Lloyd Stuart Bruce and Jane Skene Kathleen Scott, Baroness Kennet, FRSBS (27 March...
(Lady Scott), sculptor (d. 19471947 in art-Events:*Peggy Guggenheim closes The Art of This Century Gallery*Journalist Tancrede Marcil Jr. coins the term Les Automatistes in a review of their Montreal exhibition....
) - 28 March - Abraham WalkowitzAbraham WalkowitzAbraham Walkowitz was an American painter grouped in with early American Modernists working in the Modernist style.-Birth and education:...
, AmericanUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
painter in the Modernist style (d.19651965 in art-Events:*Sculptor Barbara Hepworth is created a Dame.*December - Max's Kansas City - opens-Works:*Yaacov Agam - Double Metamorphosis II*Lucian Freud - Reflection with Two Children *L. S...
) - 2 April - Émilie CharmyÉmilie CharmyEmilie Charmy was an artist in France's early avant-garde. She worked closely with Fauve artists like Henri Matisse, and was active in exhibiting her artworks in Paris, particularly with Berthe Weill.- Biography :...
, FrenchFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
artist (d. 19741974 in art-Births:* 31 May - Adrian Tomine, American cartoonist.* 16 June - Paul Lee, English artist.* 1 September - Jhonen Vasquez, American comic book artist, cartoonist and writer.* 8 November - Masashi Kishimoto, Japanese manga artist....
) - 24 April - Jean CrottiJean CrottiJean Crotti was a French painter.Crotti was born in Bulle, Fribourg, Switzerland. He first studied in Munich, Germany at the School of Decorative Arts, then at age 23 moved to Paris to study art at the Académie Julian. Initially he was influenced by Impressionism, then by Fauvism and Art Nouveau...
, painter (d. 19581958 in art-Awards:*Archibald Prize: William Edwin Pidgeon - Mr Ray Walker*Royal Architectural Institute of Canada Allied Arts Medal - Louis Archambault-Events:*Robert Frank publishes his photographic essay The Americans -Exhibitions:...
) - 26 May - Spencer GoreSpencer Gore (artist)Spencer Frederick Gore was a British painter of landscapes, music-hall scenes and interiors, usually with single figures...
, painter (d. 19141914 in art-Events:*The Baltimore Museum of Art is founded at Johns Hopkins University.*Nina Hamnett and Amedeo Modigliani meet for the first time in Montparnasse.* Clive Bell's formalist study Art published....
) - 9 August - Eileen GrayEileen GrayKathleen Eileen Moray Gray was an Irish furniture designer and architect and a pioneer of the Modern Movement in architecture.- Biography :...
, IrishIrelandIreland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
furnitureFurnitureFurniture is the mass noun for the movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating and sleeping in beds, to hold objects at a convenient height for work using horizontal surfaces above the ground, or to store things...
designDesignDesign as a noun informally refers to a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a system while “to design” refers to making this plan...
er and architectArchitectAn architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
(d. 19761976 in art-Events:*Completion of the Cubist-influenced Church of the Holy Trinity, Vienna, by Fritz Wotruba.-Exhibitions:*21 July - Opening of P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center in Long Island City, New York...
). - 8 October - Alfred MunningsAlfred MunningsSir Alfred James Munnings KCVO, PRA was known as one of England's finest painters of horses, and as an outspoken enemy of Modernism...
, EnglishEnglish peopleThe English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...
equine painter (d. 19591959 in art-Events:*André Breton asks Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró, Enrique Tábara, and Eugenio Granell to represent Spain by exhibiting some of their works in the Homage to Surrealism Exhibition celebrating the Fortieth Anniversary of Surrealism.-Works:...
) - November 14 - Julie ManetJulie ManetJulie Manet was a French painter and art collector.Born in Paris, Julie Manet was the daughter and only child of artist Berthe Morisot and Eugene Manet, younger brother of painter Édouard Manet...
, French painter and art collector (d. 19661966 in art-Events:*The Hairy Who, a group of surrealist iconoclasts later called the Chicago Imagists, first exhibit at the Hyde Park Art Center in Chicago. They will be the most important art movement to come out of Chicago in the 1960s....
) - November 27 - William OrpenWilliam OrpenMajor Sir William Newenham Montague Orpen, KBE, RA, RHA was an Irish portrait painter, who worked mainly in London...
, portrait painter (d. 19311931 in art-Events:*The Whitney Museum of American Art is founded by Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney.*October 4 - Debut appearance of the Dick Tracy comic strip, created by cartoonist Chester Gould.-Works:*Max Beckmann - Paris Society...
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Deaths
- February 19 - Charles-François DaubignyCharles-François DaubignyCharles-François Daubigny was one of the painters of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of Impressionism....
, painter (b. 18171817 in art-Works:*François Joseph Bosio – Hyacinth Awaiting His Turn*John Constable – Flatford Mill-Births:*January 29 – John Callcott Horsley, painter *February 15 – Charles-François Daubigny, painter...
) - February 26 - Alexandre AntignaAlexandre AntignaJean Pierre Alexandre Antigna was a French painter.-Career:Antigna was born in Orléans, France, where his earliest training took place, under a local painter, Francois Salmon...
, FrenchFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
painter (b. 18171817 in art-Works:*François Joseph Bosio – Hyacinth Awaiting His Turn*John Constable – Flatford Mill-Births:*January 29 – John Callcott Horsley, painter *February 15 – Charles-François Daubigny, painter...
) - March 3 - Joseph Bonomi the YoungerJoseph Bonomi the YoungerJoseph Bonomi the Younger was an English sculptor, artist, Egyptologist and museum curator.-Early life:Bonomi was born in London into a family of architects...
, EnglishsculptorSculptureSculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials—typically stone such as marble—or metal, glass, or wood. Softer materials can also be used, such as clay, textiles, plastics, polymers and softer metals...
, artist, EgyptologistEgyptologyEgyptology is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the AD 4th century. A practitioner of the discipline is an “Egyptologist”...
and museumMuseumA museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities...
curatorCuratorA curator is a manager or overseer. Traditionally, a curator or keeper of a cultural heritage institution is a content specialist responsible for an institution's collections and involved with the interpretation of heritage material...
(b. 17961796 in art-Births:* February 3 – Jean Baptiste Madou, painter and lithographer *May 28 – William Miller, Scottish Quaker line engraver * July 2 – Michael Thonet, furniture designer * July 17 – Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, French painter...
) - April 23 - Jaroslav ČermákJaroslav Čermák (painter)Jaroslav Čermák was a Czech painter known primarily for his history paintings. Many of his paintings are in the collection of the National Gallery in Prague.- Biography :...
, historical painter (b. 18311831 in art-Events:*Clarkson Stanfield's spectacular panorama Venice and Its Adjacent Islands is staged in London as part of the annual Christmas pantomime.-Births:*October 26 – Nathaniel Hone the Younger, Irish painter *date unknown...
) - August 21 - Conrad MartensConrad MartensConrad Martens was an English-born landscape painter active in Australia from 1835.-Life and work:Conrad Martens' father was a merchant who came originally to London as Austrian Consul; Conrad was born in "Crutched Friars" near Tower Hill...
, landscape painter (b. 18011801 in art-Works:*Philip James de Loutherbourg – Coalbrookdale by Night*Marie-Denise Villers – Young Woman Drawing-Births:*January 26 – John Quidor, painter *February 1 – Thomas Cole, painter...
) - October 5 - Francis GrantFrancis Grant (artist)Sir Francis Grant, RA , was a Scottish portrait painter, who painted Queen Victoria and many distinguished British aristocratic and political figures of the day...
, painter (b. 18031803 in art-Awards:The Prix de Rome is expanded in 1803 to include musical composition as a category.* Grand Prix de Rome, painting:* Grand Prix de Rome, sculpture:* Grand Prix de Rome, architecture:* Grand Prix de Rome, music: Albert Androt.-Births:...
) - December 19 - Joseph NashJoseph NashJoseph Nash was an English watercolour painter and lithographer, specialising in historical buildings...
, watercolour painter and lithographer (b. 18091809 in art-Works:*John Constable – Malvern Hall*Caspar David Friedrich – Mönch am Meer*Jacques-Louis David – Sappho and Phaon*Henry Raeburn – Mrs Spiers-Births:...
) - date unknown
- Amédée FauréAmédée FauréAmédée Fauré or Victor-Amédée Fauré was a French painter and portraitist. His portrait subjects include the brothers Louis-Charles, Count of Beaujolais and Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier, and he also specialised in historic scenes of the House of Orléans and the July Monarchy.-External...
, portrait painter (b. 18011801 in art-Works:*Philip James de Loutherbourg – Coalbrookdale by Night*Marie-Denise Villers – Young Woman Drawing-Births:*January 26 – John Quidor, painter *February 1 – Thomas Cole, painter...
) - Kikuchi Yōsai, JapaneseJapanese peopleThe are an ethnic group originating in the Japanese archipelago and are the predominant ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries...
painter most famous for his monochrome portraits of historical figures (b. 17811781 in art-Works:*Jacques-Louis David – Belisarius begging for alms* Henry Fuseli – The Nightmare-Births:*March – John Burnet, Scottish engraver and painter *March 13 – Karl Friedrich Schinkel, architect and painter...
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- Amédée Fauré