1885 in Germany
Encyclopedia

National level

  • Kaiser
    Kaiser
    Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...

     — William I
    William I, German Emperor
    William I, also known as Wilhelm I , of the House of Hohenzollern was the King of Prussia and the first German Emperor .Under the leadership of William and his Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the...

  • Chancellor
    Chancellor of Germany
    The Chancellor of Germany is, under the German 1949 constitution, the head of government of Germany...

     — Otto von Bismarck
    Otto von Bismarck
    Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg , simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman whose actions unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after 1871.As Minister President of...


Kingdoms

  • King of Bavaria
    King of Bavaria
    King of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...

     — Ludwig II of Bavaria
    Ludwig II of Bavaria
    Ludwig II was King of Bavaria from 1864 until shortly before his death. He is sometimes called the Swan King and der Märchenkönig, the Fairy tale King...

  • King of Prussia — Kaiser William I
  • King of Saxony — Albert of Saxony
    Albert of Saxony
    Albert of Saxony may refer to:* Albert of Saxony * Albert I, Duke of Saxony * Albert, Duke of Saxony * Prince Albert of Saxony, Duke of Teschen * Albert of Saxony...

  • King of Württemberg — Charles I of Württemberg
    Charles I of Württemberg
    Charles was the third King of Württemberg, from 25 June 1864 until his death in 1891.-Early life:He was born 6 March 1823 at Stuttgart, as HRH Charles Frederick Alexander, Crown Prince of Württemberg the son of William I, King of Württemberg and his third wife Pauline Therese of Württemberg .He...


Grand Duchies

  • Grand Duke of Baden — Frederick I
  • Grand Duke of Hesse — Louis IV
    Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
    Louis IV , was the fourth Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death...

  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1348, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV...

     — Frederick Francis II
  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz — Frederick William
  • Grand Duke of Oldenburg — Peter II
    Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
    Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg was the ruler of Oldenburg from 1853 to 1900.-Family:Duke Nikolaus Friedrich Peter was the only son of Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg by his second wife Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym. He was born on 8 July 1827 in Oldenburg. In his youth, he...

  • Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    The Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1877, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony , but this name was...

     — Charles Alexander
    Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Karl Alexander August Johann, Grand Duke of Saxony; 24 June 1818 – 5 January 1901) was the ruler of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from 1853 until his death.-Biography:...


Principalities

  • Schaumburg-Lippe
    Schaumburg-Lippe
    Schaumburg-Lippe was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg.- History :...

     — Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
    Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
    Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was a ruler of the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:He was born in Bückeburg to Georg Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont ....

  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany with its capital at Rudolstadt.-History:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands...

     — George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Georg Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was the penultimate sovereign prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.-Biography:...

  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was a small principality in Germany, in the present day state of Thuringia, with capital at Sondershausen.-History:...

     — Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Charles Gonthier, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was the ruler of the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, a constituent state of the German Empire, and head of the House of Schwarzburg from 17 July 1880 until his death.-Hereditary Prince:...

  • Principality of Lippe
    Principality of Lippe
    Lippe was a historical state in Germany. It was located between the Weser River and the southeast part of the Teutoburg forest.-History:...

     — Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
    Woldemar, Prince of Lippe
    Woldemar of Lippe was the sovereign of the Principality of Lippe reigning from 1875 until his death.-Early life and reign:...

  • Reuss Elder Line
    Reuss Elder Line
    The Principality of Reuss Elder Line was a state in Germany, ruled by members of the House of Reuss. The Counts Reuss of Greiz, Lower- and Upper Greiz , were elevated to princely status in 1778. Its members bore the title Prince Reuss, Elder Line, or Prince Reuss of Greiz...

     — Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
    Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
    Prince Heinrich XXII Reuss of Greiz was the reigning sovereign of Reuss, a small principality of the German states, from 1859 to his death in 1902.-Reign:...

  • Reuss Younger Line — Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
    Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
    -Early life:Heinrich XIV was born at Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, sixth child of Heinrich LXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line , and his wife, Princess Adelheid Reuss of Ebersdorf , .-Prince Reuss...

  • Waldeck and Pyrmont
    Waldeck (state)
    Waldeck was a sovereign principality in the German Empire and German Confederation and, until 1929, a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. It comprised territories in present-day Hesse and Lower Saxony, ....

     — George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
    George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
    George Victor was the 3rd sovereign Prince of the German state of Waldeck and Pyrmont.He was born in Arolsen the son of George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and his wife Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym...


Duchies

  • Duke of Anhalt — Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
    Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
    Frederick I was a German prince of the house of Ascania who ruled the Duchy of Anhalt from 1871 to 1904.-Early life:...

  • Duke of Brunswick — — Prince Albert of Prussia (regent, appointed in 1885)
  • Duke of Saxe-Altenburg — Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha — Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was the second sovereign duke of the German duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, reigning from 1844 to his death...

  • Duke of Saxe-Meiningen — Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
    Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
    Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen , was the penultimate Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, reigning from 1866 to 1914.-Family and early life:...


Colonial Governors

  • Cameroon
    Kamerun
    German Cameroon was a West African colony of the German Empire from 1884 to 1916 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon.-History:-1800s:...

     (Kamerun) — Maximilian Buchner (acting commissioner) to 1 April, then Eduard von Knorr
    Eduard von Knorr
    Ernst Wilhelm Eduard von Knorr was a German admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine who helped establish the German colonial empire.-Life:...

     (acting commissioner) to 4 July, then Julius Freiherr von Soden (governor) (1st term)
  • German East Africa
    German East Africa
    German East Africa was a German colony in East Africa, which included what are now :Burundi, :Rwanda and Tanganyika . Its area was , nearly three times the size of Germany today....

     (Deutsch-Ostafrika) from 27 May — Karl Peters
    Karl Peters
    Karl Peters , was a German colonial ruler, explorer, politician and author, the prime mover behind the foundation of the German colony of East Africa...

     (administrator)
  • German New Guinea
    German New Guinea
    German New Guinea was the first part of the German colonial empire. It was a protectorate from 1884 until 1914 when it fell to Australia following the outbreak of the First World War. It consisted of the northeastern part of New Guinea and several nearby island groups...

     (Deutsch-Neuguinea) — Gustav von Oertzen (commissioner, appointed in 1885)
  • German South-West Africa
    German South-West Africa
    German South West Africa was a colony of Germany from 1884 until 1915, when it was taken over by South Africa and administered as South West Africa, finally becoming Namibia in 1990...

     (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) — Gustav Nachtigal
    Gustav Nachtigal
    Gustav Nachtigal was a German explorer of Central and West Africa. He is further known as the German Empire's consul-general for Tunisia and Commissioner for West Africa. His mission as commissioner resulted in Togoland and Kamerun becoming the first colonies of a German colonial empire...

     (commissioner) to May 1885, then Heinrich Ernst Göring
    Heinrich Ernst Göring
    Heinrich Ernst Göring was a German jurist and diplomat who served as colonial governor of German South-West Africa. He was the father of five children including Hermann Göring, the Nazi leader and commander of the Luftwaffe....

     (acting commissioner)
  • Togoland
    Togoland
    Togoland was a German protectorate in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana. The colony was established during the period generally known as the "Scramble for Africa"...

     — Heinrich Randad (provisional consul) to 26 June, then Ernst Falkenthal (commissioner)
  • Wituland
    Wituland
    Wituland was an approximately territory in East Africa centered on the town of Witu just inland from Indian Ocean port of Lamu north of the mouth of the Tana River in what is now Kenya.-History:Founded in 1858 by the former ruler of the insular Pate sultanate after several abortive moves to the...

     (Deutsch-Witu) from 8 April — Gustav Denhardt
    Gustav Denhardt
    Gustav Denhardt and his brother Clemens Andreas Denhardt , born in Zeitz, Saxony-Anhalt, were distinguished German explorers of Africa at the time of the Scramble for Africa. In association with the physician G. A. Fischer they undertook in 1878 a tour through the Tana River region, East Africa,...

     (resident)

Events

  • 17 February — German government grants an imperial charter to Carl Peters for establishment of a protectorate in East Africa
    German East Africa
    German East Africa was a German colony in East Africa, which included what are now :Burundi, :Rwanda and Tanganyika . Its area was , nearly three times the size of Germany today....

    .
  • 26 February — The final act of the Berlin Conference regulates European colonization and trade in Africa.
  • 26 March — Prussian deportations
    Prussian deportations
    The Prussian deportations were mass expulsions of ethnic Poles from Prussia in between 1885–1890. More than 30,000 Poles with Austrian or Russian citizenship were deported from the Prussian part of divided Poland to the respective Austrian and Russian occupation zones...

    : the Prussia
    Prussia
    Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...

    n government orders the expulsion of all ethnic Poles and Jews
    Jews
    The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...

     holding Russian
    Russian Empire
    The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

     citizenship, later extended to include Polish Austrian
    Austria-Hungary
    Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...

     citizens. More than 30,000 people are forced across the border.
  • 3 April — Gottlieb Daimler
    Gottlieb Daimler
    Gottlieb Daimler was an engineer, industrial designer and industrialist born in Schorndorf , in what is now Germany. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development...

     is granted a German patent for his 1-cylinder water-cooled engine
    Engine
    An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion. Heat engines, including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines burn a fuel to create heat which is then used to create motion...

     design.
  • 8 April — The sultan of Witu
    Wituland
    Wituland was an approximately territory in East Africa centered on the town of Witu just inland from Indian Ocean port of Lamu north of the mouth of the Tana River in what is now Kenya.-History:Founded in 1858 by the former ruler of the insular Pate sultanate after several abortive moves to the...

    , cedes 25 square miles of territory to German brothers Clemens
    Clemens Denhardt
    Clemens Andreas Denhardt and his brother Gustav Denhardt , born in Zeitz, Saxony-Anhalt, were distinguished German explorers of Africa at the time of the Scramble for Africa. In association with the physician G. A. Fischer they undertook in 1878 a tour through the Tana River region, East Africa,...

     and Gustav Denhardt
    Gustav Denhardt
    Gustav Denhardt and his brother Clemens Andreas Denhardt , born in Zeitz, Saxony-Anhalt, were distinguished German explorers of Africa at the time of the Scramble for Africa. In association with the physician G. A. Fischer they undertook in 1878 a tour through the Tana River region, East Africa,...

    , which becames the first German territory in Wituland
    Wituland
    Wituland was an approximately territory in East Africa centered on the town of Witu just inland from Indian Ocean port of Lamu north of the mouth of the Tana River in what is now Kenya.-History:Founded in 1858 by the former ruler of the insular Pate sultanate after several abortive moves to the...

    .
  • 27 May — The remainder of the Wituland
    Wituland
    Wituland was an approximately territory in East Africa centered on the town of Witu just inland from Indian Ocean port of Lamu north of the mouth of the Tana River in what is now Kenya.-History:Founded in 1858 by the former ruler of the insular Pate sultanate after several abortive moves to the...

     becames the German Protectorate
    Protectorate
    In history, the term protectorate has two different meanings. In its earliest inception, which has been adopted by modern international law, it is an autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity...

     of Wituland (Deutsch-Witu).

Date unknown

  • Karl Benz
    Karl Benz
    Karl Friedrich Benz, was a German engine designer and car engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the gasoline-powered car, and together with Bertha Benz pioneering founder of the automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz...

     produces the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, regarded as the first automobile
    Automobile
    An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...

     (patented and publicly launched the following year).
  • Gottlieb Daimler
    Gottlieb Daimler
    Gottlieb Daimler was an engineer, industrial designer and industrialist born in Schorndorf , in what is now Germany. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development...

     and Wilhelm Maybach
    Wilhelm Maybach
    Wilhelm Maybach was an early German engine designer and industrialist. During the 1890s he was hailed in France, then the world centre for car production, as the "King of constructors"....

     produce the Daimler Reitwagen
    Daimler Reitwagen
    The Daimler Reitwagen or Einspur was a motor vehicle made by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in 1885, and is widely recognized as the first motorcycle. Daimler is often called "the father of the motorcycle" for this invention...

    , regarded as the first motorcycle
    Motorcycle
    A motorcycle is a single-track, two-wheeled motor vehicle. Motorcycles vary considerably depending on the task for which they are designed, such as long distance travel, navigating congested urban traffic, cruising, sport and racing, or off-road conditions.Motorcycles are one of the most...

    .

Births

  • 27 January — Eduard Künneke
    Eduard Künneke
    Eduard Künneke was a German composer of operettas, operas and theatre music. He was born in Emmerich. His daughter was the actress and singer Evelyn Künneke....

    , German composer (d. 1953)
  • 1 February — Friedrich Kellner
    Friedrich Kellner
    August Friedrich Kellner was a mid-level official in Germany who worked as a justice inspector in Mainz and Laubach. During the First World War, Kellner was an infantryman in a Hessian regiment...

    , German diarist, (d. 1970)
  • 14 May — Otto Klemperer
    Otto Klemperer
    Otto Klemperer was a German conductor and composer. He is widely regarded as one of the leading conductors of the 20th century.-Biography:Otto Klemperer was born in Breslau, Silesia Province, then in Germany...

    , German conductor (d. 1973)
  • 21 May — Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg, German-born consort of William of Wied, Prince of Albania (d. 1936, Romania)
  • 20 November — Heinrich Brüning
    Heinrich Brüning
    Heinrich Brüning was Chancellor of Germany from 1930 to 1932, during the Weimar Republic. He was the longest serving Chancellor of the Weimar Republic, and remains a controversial figure in German politics....

    , Chancellor of Germany
    Chancellor of Germany
    The Chancellor of Germany is, under the German 1949 constitution, the head of government of Germany...

     1930-1932 (d. 1970
    1970 in the United States
    -January:* January 5 – The first episode of All My Children is broadcast on the ABC television network.* January 11 – Super Bowl IV: The Kansas City Chiefs beat the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings 23–7....

    , United States)


Deaths

  • 17 June — Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel
    Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel
    Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel was a German Generalfeldmarschall noted for his victories in the Franco-Prussian War....

    , German field marshal (b. 1809)
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