1888 in Germany
Encyclopedia
Events in the year 1888 in Germany
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"Year of the Three Emperors"
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
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"Year of the Three Emperors"
National level
- KaiserKaiserKaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
— William IWilliam I, German EmperorWilliam I, also known as Wilhelm I , of the House of Hohenzollern was the King of Prussia and the first German Emperor .Under the leadership of William and his Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the...
to 9 March, then Frederick IIIFrederick III, German EmperorFrederick III was German Emperor and King of Prussia for 99 days in 1888, the Year of the Three Emperors. Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl known informally as Fritz, was the only son of Emperor William I and was raised in his family's tradition of military service...
to 15 June, then Wilhelm II - ChancellorChancellor of GermanyThe Chancellor of Germany is, under the German 1949 constitution, the head of government of Germany...
— Otto von BismarckOtto von BismarckOtto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg , simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman whose actions unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after 1871.As Minister President of...
Kingdoms
- King of BavariaKing of BavariaKing of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...
— Otto of BavariaOtto of BavariaOtto , was King of Bavaria from 1886 to 1913. He was the son of Maximilian II and his wife, Marie of Prussia, and younger brother of Ludwig II... - King of Prussia — William I to 9 March, then Frederick III to 15 June, then Wilhelm II (all Kaisers of the German Empire)
- King of Saxony — Albert of SaxonyAlbert of SaxonyAlbert of Saxony may refer to:* Albert of Saxony * Albert I, Duke of Saxony * Albert, Duke of Saxony * Prince Albert of Saxony, Duke of Teschen * Albert of Saxony...
- King of Württemberg — Charles I of WürttembergCharles I of WürttembergCharles was the third King of Württemberg, from 25 June 1864 until his death in 1891.-Early life:He was born 6 March 1823 at Stuttgart, as HRH Charles Frederick Alexander, Crown Prince of Württemberg the son of William I, King of Württemberg and his third wife Pauline Therese of Württemberg .He...
Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden — Frederick I
- Grand Duke of Hesse — Louis IVLouis IV, Grand Duke of HesseLouis IV , was the fourth Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death...
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-SchwerinMecklenburg-SchwerinMecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1348, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV...
— Frederick Francis III - Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz — Frederick William
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg — Peter IIPeter II, Grand Duke of OldenburgPeter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg was the ruler of Oldenburg from 1853 to 1900.-Family:Duke Nikolaus Friedrich Peter was the only son of Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg by his second wife Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym. He was born on 8 July 1827 in Oldenburg. In his youth, he...
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachSaxe-Weimar-EisenachThe Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1877, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony , but this name was...
— Charles AlexanderCharles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachKarl Alexander August Johann, Grand Duke of Saxony; 24 June 1818 – 5 January 1901) was the ruler of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from 1853 until his death.-Biography:...
Principalities
- Schaumburg-LippeSchaumburg-LippeSchaumburg-Lippe was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg.- History :...
— Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeAdolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeAdolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was a ruler of the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:He was born in Bückeburg to Georg Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont .... - Schwarzburg-RudolstadtSchwarzburg-RudolstadtSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany with its capital at Rudolstadt.-History:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands...
— George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-RudolstadtGeorge Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-RudolstadtGeorg Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was the penultimate sovereign prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.-Biography:... - Schwarzburg-SondershausenSchwarzburg-SondershausenSchwarzburg-Sondershausen was a small principality in Germany, in the present day state of Thuringia, with capital at Sondershausen.-History:...
— Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen - Principality of LippePrincipality of LippeLippe was a historical state in Germany. It was located between the Weser River and the southeast part of the Teutoburg forest.-History:...
— Woldemar, Prince of LippeWoldemar, Prince of LippeWoldemar of Lippe was the sovereign of the Principality of Lippe reigning from 1875 until his death.-Early life and reign:... - Reuss Elder LineReuss Elder LineThe Principality of Reuss Elder Line was a state in Germany, ruled by members of the House of Reuss. The Counts Reuss of Greiz, Lower- and Upper Greiz , were elevated to princely status in 1778. Its members bore the title Prince Reuss, Elder Line, or Prince Reuss of Greiz...
— Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of GreizHeinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of GreizPrince Heinrich XXII Reuss of Greiz was the reigning sovereign of Reuss, a small principality of the German states, from 1859 to his death in 1902.-Reign:... - Reuss Younger Line — Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger LineHeinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line-Early life:Heinrich XIV was born at Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, sixth child of Heinrich LXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line , and his wife, Princess Adelheid Reuss of Ebersdorf , .-Prince Reuss...
- Waldeck and PyrmontWaldeck (state)Waldeck was a sovereign principality in the German Empire and German Confederation and, until 1929, a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. It comprised territories in present-day Hesse and Lower Saxony, ....
— George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and PyrmontGeorge Victor, Prince of Waldeck and PyrmontGeorge Victor was the 3rd sovereign Prince of the German state of Waldeck and Pyrmont.He was born in Arolsen the son of George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and his wife Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym...
Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt — Frederick I, Duke of AnhaltFrederick I, Duke of AnhaltFrederick I was a German prince of the house of Ascania who ruled the Duchy of Anhalt from 1871 to 1904.-Early life:...
- Duke of Brunswick — Prince Albert of Prussia (regent)
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg — Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha — Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and GothaErnst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and GothaErnest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was the second sovereign duke of the German duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, reigning from 1844 to his death...
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen — Georg II, Duke of Saxe-MeiningenGeorg II, Duke of Saxe-MeiningenGeorg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen , was the penultimate Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, reigning from 1866 to 1914.-Family and early life:...
Colonial Governors
- CameroonKamerunGerman Cameroon was a West African colony of the German Empire from 1884 to 1916 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon.-History:-1800s:...
(Kamerun) — Eugen von ZimmererEugen von ZimmererEugen Ritter von Zimmerer was a governor of the German colony of Kamerun between 1890 and 1893.-Early career:Zimmerer was born on 24 November 1843 in Germersheim, the son of a Bavarian officer....
(1st term) to 17 January, then Julius Freiherr von Soden (2nd term) - German East AfricaGerman East AfricaGerman East Africa was a German colony in East Africa, which included what are now :Burundi, :Rwanda and Tanganyika . Its area was , nearly three times the size of Germany today....
(Deutsch-Ostafrika) — Karl PetersKarl PetersKarl Peters , was a German colonial ruler, explorer, politician and author, the prime mover behind the foundation of the German colony of East Africa...
(administrator) to 8 February, then Hermann WissmannHermann WissmannHermann von Wissmann was a German explorer and administrator in Africa.-Early life:Born in Frankfurt an der Oder, Wissmann was enlisted in the Army in 1870 and was commissioned a Lieutenant four years later. Wissmann served Mecklenburg in Füsilierregiment No. 90 posted at Rostock...
(commissioner) (1st term) - German New GuineaGerman New GuineaGerman New Guinea was the first part of the German colonial empire. It was a protectorate from 1884 until 1914 when it fell to Australia following the outbreak of the First World War. It consisted of the northeastern part of New Guinea and several nearby island groups...
(Deutsch-Neuguinea) — Georg Freiherr von Schleinitz to 1 March, then Reinhold Kraetke (both Landeshauptleute of the German New Guinea Company) - German South-West AfricaGerman South-West AfricaGerman South West Africa was a colony of Germany from 1884 until 1915, when it was taken over by South Africa and administered as South West Africa, finally becoming Namibia in 1990...
(Deutsch-Südwestafrika) — Heinrich Ernst GöringHeinrich Ernst GöringHeinrich Ernst Göring was a German jurist and diplomat who served as colonial governor of German South-West Africa. He was the father of five children including Hermann Göring, the Nazi leader and commander of the Luftwaffe....
(acting commissioner) - TogolandTogolandTogoland was a German protectorate in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana. The colony was established during the period generally known as the "Scramble for Africa"...
— Jesko von PuttkamerJesko von PuttkamerJesko Albert Eugen von Puttkamer was a German colonial military chief, and nine times governor of Kamerun:*13 May 1887 - 4 October 1887*14 August 1890 - 2 December 1890*31 December 1894 - 27 March 1895...
(acting commissioner) (1st term) to 17 October, then Eugen von ZimmererEugen von ZimmererEugen Ritter von Zimmerer was a governor of the German colony of Kamerun between 1890 and 1893.-Early career:Zimmerer was born on 24 November 1843 in Germersheim, the son of a Bavarian officer....
(commissioner) - WitulandWitulandWituland was an approximately territory in East Africa centered on the town of Witu just inland from Indian Ocean port of Lamu north of the mouth of the Tana River in what is now Kenya.-History:Founded in 1858 by the former ruler of the insular Pate sultanate after several abortive moves to the...
(Deutsch-Witu) — Gustav DenhardtGustav DenhardtGustav Denhardt and his brother Clemens Andreas Denhardt , born in Zeitz, Saxony-Anhalt, were distinguished German explorers of Africa at the time of the Scramble for Africa. In association with the physician G. A. Fischer they undertook in 1878 a tour through the Tana River region, East Africa,...
(resident)
Events
- 9 March — Emperor Wilhelm I dies at the age of 90 in Berlin. He is succeeded by his oldest son Friedrich Wilhelm, who becomes Friedrich III.
- 16 April — The German EmpireGerman EmpireThe German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
annexes the island of NauruNauruNauru , officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest republic, covering just... - 15 June — Wilhelm II becomes German Emperor after the death of his father, Friedrich III.
- 13 December — Heinrich Hertz presents his report on the discovery of electromagnetic radiation to the Berlin Academy of Sciences
Music
- Johannes BrahmsJohannes BrahmsJohannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene...
— Violin Sonata in D MinorViolin Sonata No. 3 (Brahms)Johannes Brahms' Violin Sonata No. 3 in D minor, op. 108 is the last of his violin sonatas composed between 1878 and 1887. Unlike the two previous violin sonatas it is in four movements...
(opusOpus numberAn Opus number , pl. opera and opuses, abbreviated, sing. Op. and pl. Opp. refers to a number generally assigned by composers to an individual composition or set of compositions on publication, to help identify their works...
108) - Max RegerMax RegerJohann Baptist Joseph Maximilian Reger was a German composer, conductor, pianist, organist, and academic teacher.-Life:...
— String Quartet in D minor (with double bass obbligato; without op.) (1888-9) - Joseph Rheinberger — Organ Sonata No. 12 in D-flat, Op. 154
- Richard StraussRichard StraussRichard Georg Strauss was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras. He is known for his operas, which include Der Rosenkavalier and Salome; his Lieder, especially his Four Last Songs; and his tone poems and orchestral works, such as Death and Transfiguration, Till...
- Don JuanDon Juan (Strauss)Don Juan, Op. 20 is a tone poem for large orchestra by the German composer Richard Strauss, written in 1888. The composer conducted its premiere on 11 November 1889 with the orchestra of the Weimar Opera, where he served as Court Kapellmeister....
, Macbeth (first version)
- Don Juan
- Carl Maria von WeberCarl Maria von WeberCarl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school....
's opera Die drei PintosDie drei PintosDie drei Pintos is a comic opera of which Carl Maria von Weber began composing the music, working on a libretto by Theodor Hell...
completed posthumously by Theodor HellTheodor HellTheodor Hell was the pseudonym of Karl Gottfried Theodor Winkler , a court councillor in Dresden from 1824, who was the centre of literary life through his work as editor, translator and critic...
Sport
- Establishment of association football clubs BFC GermaniaBFC GermaniaBFC Germania 1888 is a German association football club from Berlin. Founded on 15 April 1888, it is the oldest still active football club in the country.-History:...
, TGM SV JügesheimTGM SV JügesheimTGM SV Jügesheim is a German football club in Rodgau, Hesse.- History :The club was formed out of the merger of the gymnastics club Turngemeinde Jügesheim established on 22 July 1888 and Sportverein Jügesheim formed in September 1915 after the collapse of the local football side Teutonia Jügesheim...
and KBC DuisburgKBC DuisburgKBC Duisburg is a German sports club based in Kasslerfeld, a suburb of Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia. The team was founded in 1888. The club is renowned for its defunct women's football team, which won a German championship in 1984–85...
Miscellaneous
- First buildings of the Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum BergmannsheilBerufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum BergmannsheilThe Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, full German name "Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil GmbH", also referred to as "Bergmannsheil", formerly known as "Bergbau-Berufsgenossenschaftliche Krankenanstalten Bergmannsheil", is a large teaching...
opened
Births
- 14 January — Karl BadbergerKarl BadbergerKarl Badberger was a German architect.- Biography :Badberger graduated at the Technical University of Munich in 1911, became Regierungsbaumeister in 1919 and joined the Bayerische Staatsbauverwaltung in 1920...
, architect - 17 February — Otto SternOtto SternOtto Stern was a German physicist and Nobel laureate in physics.-Biography:Stern was born in Sohrau, now Żory in the German Empire's Kingdom of Prussia and studied at Breslau, now Wrocław in Lower Silesia....
, German Nobel laureate in PhysicsNobel Prize in PhysicsThe Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
, expatriate in United States (d. 19691969 in the United States-Incumbents:*President - Lyndon B. Johnson until January 20, Richard Nixon*Vice President - Hubert Humphrey until January 20, Spiro Agnew-Events:-January:* January 1 – Ohio State defeats USC in the Rose Bowl to win the national title for the 1968 season....
, United States) - 27 February — Lotte LehmannLotte LehmannCharlotte "Lotte" Lehmann was a German soprano who was especially associated with German repertory. She gave memorable performances in the operas of Richard Strauss, Richard Wagner, Ludwig van Beethoven, Puccini, Mozart and Massenet. The Marschallin in Der Rosenkavalier was considered her greatest...
, German soprano, expatriate in United States (d. 19761976 in the United States-Incumbents:* President: Gerald Ford * Vice President: Nelson Rockefeller * Chief Justice: Warren Earl Burger * 94th United States Congress -January:...
, United States) - 14 March — Peretz NaftaliPeretz NaftaliPeretz Naftali was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician who served in several ministerial portfolios in the 1950s.-Biography:Born in Berlin in Germany, Naftali joined the Social Democratic Party in 1911...
, German-born Israeli politician (d. 19611961 in Israel-Incumbents:* Prime Minister of Israel – David Ben-Gurion * President of Israel – Yitzhak Ben-Zvi* Chief of General Staff - Haim Laskov until January 1, Tzvi Tzur* Government of Israel - 9th Government of Israel until November 2, 10th Government of Israel...
, Israel) - 14 March — Hermann ReineckeHermann ReineckeHermann Reinecke was a General der Infanterie of Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht during World War II.He was a former Lieutenant General and the head of the General Office of the Armed Forces at OKW ...
, WehrmachtWehrmachtThe Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...
general (d. 1973) - 19 March — Josef AlbersJosef AlbersJosef Albers was a German-born American artist and educator whose work, both in Europe and in the United States, formed the basis of some of the most influential and far-reaching art education programs of the 20th century....
, German-born American artist (d. 19761976 in the United States-Incumbents:* President: Gerald Ford * Vice President: Nelson Rockefeller * Chief Justice: Warren Earl Burger * 94th United States Congress -January:...
, United States) - 24 July — Hermann von BönninghausenHermann von BonninghausenHermann von Bönninghausen was a German athlete who competed at the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He died after World War I due to injury by being shot in the face....
, athlete (d. 19191919 in Germany-National level:President* Vacant to 11 February, then Friedrich Ebert Chancellor*Friedrich Ebert to 11 February, then Philipp Scheidemann to 20 June, then Gustav Bauer -Deaths:* 15 January — Rosa Luxemburg, German politician...
) - 20 December — Yitzhak BaerYitzhak BaerYitzhak Baer was German-Israeli historian and an expert in medieval Spanish Jewish history.-Early life:Baer was born in Halberstadt, Germany, in 1888...
, German-born Israeli historian (d. 19801980 in Israel-Incumbents:* Prime Minister of Israel – Menachem Begin * President of Israel – Yitzhak Navon* Chief of General Staff - Rafael Eitan* Government of Israel - 18th Government of Israel-Events:...
, Israel)
Deaths
- 9 March — William IWilliam I, German EmperorWilliam I, also known as Wilhelm I , of the House of Hohenzollern was the King of Prussia and the first German Emperor .Under the leadership of William and his Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the...
, EmperorKaiserKaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
of GermanyGerman EmpireThe German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
and King of PrussiaPrussiaPrussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
(b. 1797) - 5 April — Eduard Karl August RiehmEduard Karl August RiehmEduard Karl August Riehm , was a German Protestant theologian.He was born at Diersburg in Baden. He studied theology and philology at Heidelberg and later at Halle under Hermann Hupfeld, who persuaded him to include Arabic, Syriac and Egyptian...
, theologian (b. 1830) - 15 June — Frederick IIIFrederick III, German EmperorFrederick III was German Emperor and King of Prussia for 99 days in 1888, the Year of the Three Emperors. Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl known informally as Fritz, was the only son of Emperor William I and was raised in his family's tradition of military service...
, EmperorKaiserKaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
of GermanyGerman EmpireThe German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
and King of PrussiaPrussiaPrussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
(b. 1831) - 20 June — Karl Friedrich August KahnisKarl Friedrich August KahnisKarl Friedrich August Kahnis was a German Neo-Lutheran theologian.- Early life:From a poor background, Kahnis was educated at the gymnasium of his native town Greiz, and after acting as private tutor for several years began the study of theology at Halle. He was at first an ardent Hegelian, but he...
, theologian (b. 1814) - 23 July — Johannes Heinrich August EbrardJohannes Heinrich August EbrardJohannes Heinrich August Ebrard was a German theologian.-Biography:Born at Erlangen, he was educated in his native town and at Berlin, and after teaching in a private family became Privatdozent at Erlangen and then professor of theology at Zürich...
, theologian (b. 1818) - 28 August — Georg BeselerGeorg BeselerCarl Georg Christoph Beseler was a Prussian jurist and politician....
, politician and jurist (b. 1809) - 12 September — August von Werder, general (b. 1808)