1901 in Germany
Encyclopedia

National level

  • Kaiser
    Kaiser
    Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...

     - Wilhelm II
  • Chancellor
    Chancellor of Germany
    The Chancellor of Germany is, under the German 1949 constitution, the head of government of Germany...

     - Bernhard von Bülow
    Bernhard von Bülow
    Bernhard Heinrich Karl Martin von Bülow , named in 1905 Prince von Bülow, was a German statesman who served as Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs for three years and then as Chancellor of the German Empire from 1900 to 1909.Bülow was described as possessing every quality except greatness...


Kingdoms

  • King of Bavaria
    King of Bavaria
    King of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...

     - Otto of Bavaria
    Otto of Bavaria
    Otto , was King of Bavaria from 1886 to 1913. He was the son of Maximilian II and his wife, Marie of Prussia, and younger brother of Ludwig II...

  • King of Prussia - Kaiser Wilhelm II
  • King of Saxony - Albert of Saxony
    Albert of Saxony
    Albert of Saxony may refer to:* Albert of Saxony * Albert I, Duke of Saxony * Albert, Duke of Saxony * Prince Albert of Saxony, Duke of Teschen * Albert of Saxony...

  • King of Württemberg - William II of Württemberg
    William II of Württemberg
    William II was the fourth King of Württemberg, from 6 October 1891 until the abolition of the kingdom on 30 November 1918...


Grand Duchies

  • Grand Duke of Baden - Frederick I
  • Grand Duke of Hesse - Ernest Louis
    Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
    Ernest Louis Charles Albert William , was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until 1918...

  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    Mecklenburg-Schwerin
    Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1348, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV...

     - Frederick Francis IV
  • Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz - Frederick William
  • Grand Duke of Oldenburg - Frederick Augustus II
    Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
    Frederick Augustus II was the last ruling grand duke of Oldenburg. He married Princess Elisabeth Anna of Prussia, daughter of Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau and Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia...

  • Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    The Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1877, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony , but this name was...

     - Charles Alexander
    Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Karl Alexander August Johann, Grand Duke of Saxony; 24 June 1818 – 5 January 1901) was the ruler of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from 1853 until his death.-Biography:...

     to 5 January, then William Ernest
    William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Wilhelm Ernst Karl Alexander Friedrich Heinrich Bernhard Albert Georg Hermann was the last Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.-Biography:...


Principalities

  • Schaumburg-Lippe
    Schaumburg-Lippe
    Schaumburg-Lippe was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg.- History :...

     - George, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
    George, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe
    Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was a ruler of the small Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:...

  • Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany with its capital at Rudolstadt.-History:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands...

     - Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
    Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg
    Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg was the final sovereign prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.-Biography:...

  • Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
    Schwarzburg-Sondershausen was a small principality in Germany, in the present day state of Thuringia, with capital at Sondershausen.-History:...

     - Karl Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
  • Principality of Lippe
    Principality of Lippe
    Lippe was a historical state in Germany. It was located between the Weser River and the southeast part of the Teutoburg forest.-History:...

     - Alexander, Prince of Lippe
    Alexander, Prince of Lippe
    Alexander, Prince of Lippe was the penultimate sovereign of the Principality of Lippe. Succeeding to the throne in 1895, power was exercised by a regent throughout his reign on account of his mental illness....

     (with Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld as regent)
  • Reuss Elder Line
    Reuss Elder Line
    The Principality of Reuss Elder Line was a state in Germany, ruled by members of the House of Reuss. The Counts Reuss of Greiz, Lower- and Upper Greiz , were elevated to princely status in 1778. Its members bore the title Prince Reuss, Elder Line, or Prince Reuss of Greiz...

     - Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
    Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz
    Prince Heinrich XXII Reuss of Greiz was the reigning sovereign of Reuss, a small principality of the German states, from 1859 to his death in 1902.-Reign:...

  • Reuss Younger Line - Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
    Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line
    -Early life:Heinrich XIV was born at Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, sixth child of Heinrich LXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line , and his wife, Princess Adelheid Reuss of Ebersdorf , .-Prince Reuss...

  • Waldeck and Pyrmont
    Waldeck (state)
    Waldeck was a sovereign principality in the German Empire and German Confederation and, until 1929, a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. It comprised territories in present-day Hesse and Lower Saxony, ....

     - Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Duchies

  • Duke of Anhalt - Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
    Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
    Frederick I was a German prince of the house of Ascania who ruled the Duchy of Anhalt from 1871 to 1904.-Early life:...

  • Duke of Brunswick - Prince Albert of Prussia (regent)
  • Duke of Saxe-Altenburg - Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
  • Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
    Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was the fourth and last reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, two duchies in Germany , and the head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1900 until his death in 1954...

  • Duke of Saxe-Meiningen - Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
    Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
    Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen , was the penultimate Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, reigning from 1866 to 1914.-Family and early life:...


Colonial Governors

  • Cameroon
    Kamerun
    German Cameroon was a West African colony of the German Empire from 1884 to 1916 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon.-History:-1800s:...

     (Kamerun) - Jesko von Puttkamer
    Jesko von Puttkamer
    Jesko Albert Eugen von Puttkamer was a German colonial military chief, and nine times governor of Kamerun:*13 May 1887 - 4 October 1887*14 August 1890 - 2 December 1890*31 December 1894 - 27 March 1895...

     (7th term)
  • Kiaochow (Kiautschou) - Otto Jäschke to 27 January, then Max Rollmann (acting) to 8 June, then Oskar von Truppel
  • German East Africa
    German East Africa
    German East Africa was a German colony in East Africa, which included what are now :Burundi, :Rwanda and Tanganyika . Its area was , nearly three times the size of Germany today....

     (Deutsch-Ostafrika) - Eduard von Liebert to 12 March, then Gustav Adolf von Götzen
    Gustav Adolf von Götzen
    Count Gustav Adolf von Götzen was a German explorer and Governor of German East Africa. He was the second European to set foot in Rwanda, after Dr Oscar Baumann, and later presided over the bloody quashing of the Maji Maji Rebellion in what is now Tanzania.- Early life :Götzen studied law at the...

  • German New Guinea
    German New Guinea
    German New Guinea was the first part of the German colonial empire. It was a protectorate from 1884 until 1914 when it fell to Australia following the outbreak of the First World War. It consisted of the northeastern part of New Guinea and several nearby island groups...

     (Deutsch-Neuguinea) - Rudolf von Bennigsen to 10 July, then Albert Hahl (acting governor) (2nd term)
  • German Samoa
    German Samoa
    German Samoa was a German protectorate from 1900 to 1914, consisting of the islands of Upolu, Savai'i, Apolima and Manono, now wholly within the independent state Samoa, formerly Western Samoa...

     (Deutsch-Samoa) - Wilhelm Solf
    Wilhelm Solf
    Wilhelm Heinrich Solf was a German scholar, diplomat, jurist and statesman.-Early life:Wilhelm Solf was born into a wealthy and liberal family in Berlin. He attended secondary schools in Anklam in western Pomerania and in Mannheim...

  • German South-West Africa
    German South-West Africa
    German South West Africa was a colony of Germany from 1884 until 1915, when it was taken over by South Africa and administered as South West Africa, finally becoming Namibia in 1990...

     (Deutsch-Südwestafrika) - Theodor Leutwein
    Theodor Leutwein
    Theodor Gotthilf Leutwein was colonial administrator of German Southwest Africa from 1894-1904. Born in Strümpfelbrunn in the Grand Duchy of Baden, he replaced Curt von François as commander of the Schutztruppe in 1894...

  • Togoland
    Togoland
    Togoland was a German protectorate in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana. The colony was established during the period generally known as the "Scramble for Africa"...

     - August Köhler
    August Köhler
    August Karl Johann Valentin Köhler was a German professor and early staff member of Carl Zeiss AG in Jena, Germany. He is best known for his development of the microscopy technique of Köhler illumination, an important principle in optimizing microscopic resolution power by evenly illuminating the...


Births

  • 25 March – Yeshayahu Forder
    Yeshayahu Forder
    Dr Yeshayahu Forder was a German-Israeli lawyer and politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Progressive Party between 1949 and 1957.-Biography:...

    , German-born Israel
    Israel
    The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

    i lawyer and politician (d. 1970
    1970 in Israel
    -Incumbents:* Prime Minister of Israel – Golda Meir * President of Israel – Zalman Shazar* Chief of General Staff - Haim Bar-Lev* Government of Israel - 15th Government of Israel-Events:...

    )
  • 21 May - Manfred Aschner
    Manfred Aschner
    Manfred Aschner was an Israeli microbiologist and entomologist.- Biography :Aschner was born in Germany in 1901. He emigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1924 and joined in the efforts to eradicate malaria from the country.- See also :...

    , German-born Israel
    Israel
    The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...

    i microbiologist
    Microbiologist
    A microbiologist is a scientist who works in the field of microbiology. Microbiologists study organisms called microbes. Microbes can take the form of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists...

     and entomologist (d. 1989
    1989 in Israel
    -Incumbents:* Prime Minister of Israel – Yitzhak Shamir * President of Israel – Chaim Herzog* Chief of General Staff - Dan Shomron* Government of Israel - 23rd Government of Israel-Events:* July – The 1989 Maccabiah Games are held....

    )
  • Date unknown - Yohanan Levi
    Yohanan Levi
    Yohanan Levi was a Hebrew linguist and historian, specialising in the Second Temple period.- Biography :Levi was born in Berlin, Germany in 1901. He studied at Berlin University and received a doctorate in 1926. He emigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1934 and taught at the Hebrew University of...

    , German-born Hebrew linguist and historian
    Historian
    A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...

    , specialising in the Second Temple
    Second Temple
    The Jewish Second Temple was an important shrine which stood on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem between 516 BCE and 70 CE. It replaced the First Temple which was destroyed in 586 BCE, when the Jewish nation was exiled to Babylon...

     period (d. 1945
    1945 in the British Mandate of Palestine
    Events in the year 1945 in the British Mandate of Palestine.-Incumbents:* High Commissioner - John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort until 5 November; Sir Alan Cunningham* Emir of Transjordan - Abdullah I bin al-Hussein...

    )


Deaths

  • 5 January - Charles Alexander
    Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Karl Alexander August Johann, Grand Duke of Saxony; 24 June 1818 – 5 January 1901) was the ruler of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from 1853 until his death.-Biography:...

    , Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
    The Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1877, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony , but this name was...

     (b. 1818).
  • 27 January - Otto Jäschke, governor of Kiaochow (Kiautschou)
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