1918 in Germany
Encyclopedia
Head of State
- KaiserKaiserKaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
- Wilhelm II, abdicated 9 November - Republican (from 9 November) - vacant
Head of Government
- Chancellor (Imperial)Chancellor of GermanyThe Chancellor of Germany is, under the German 1949 constitution, the head of government of Germany...
- Georg von Hertling to 30 September, then from 3 October Prince Maximilian of BadenPrince Maximilian of BadenMaximilian of Baden was a German prince and politician...
to 9 November - Republican - from 9 November Friedrich EbertFriedrich EbertFriedrich Ebert was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany .When Ebert was elected as the leader of the SPD after the death of August Bebel, the party members of the SPD were deeply divided because of the party's support for World War I. Ebert supported the Burgfrieden and...
, "Head of Government"
Kingdoms
- King of BavariaKing of BavariaKing of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...
- Ludwig III of BavariaLudwig III of BavariaLudwig III , was the last King of Bavaria, reigning from 1913 to 1918.-Early life:...
abdicated 7 November - King of Prussia - Kaiser Wilhelm II, abdicated 9 November
- King of Saxony - Frederick Augustus III of SaxonyFrederick Augustus III of SaxonyThis article is about King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony. For the elector Frederick Augustus III, see Frederick Augustus I of Saxony.Frederick Augustus III was the last King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.Born in Dresden, Frederick Augustus was the son of King George of Saxony...
, abdicated 13 November - King of Württemberg - William II of WürttembergWilliam II of WürttembergWilliam II was the fourth King of Württemberg, from 6 October 1891 until the abolition of the kingdom on 30 November 1918...
, abdicated 30 November
Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden - Frederick II, abdicated 22 November
- Grand Duke of Hesse - Ernest LouisErnest Louis, Grand Duke of HesseErnest Louis Charles Albert William , was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until 1918...
, abdicated 9 November - Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-SchwerinMecklenburg-SchwerinMecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1348, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV...
- Frederick Francis IV, abdicated 14 November - Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz - Adolphus Frederick VI, died 23 November, thereafter vacant
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg - Frederick Augustus IIFrederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of OldenburgFrederick Augustus II was the last ruling grand duke of Oldenburg. He married Princess Elisabeth Anna of Prussia, daughter of Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau and Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia...
, abdicated 11 November - Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachSaxe-Weimar-EisenachThe Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1877, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony , but this name was...
- William ErnestWilliam Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachWilhelm Ernst Karl Alexander Friedrich Heinrich Bernhard Albert Georg Hermann was the last Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.-Biography:...
, abdicated 9 November
Principalities
- Schaumburg-LippeSchaumburg-LippeSchaumburg-Lippe was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg.- History :...
- Adolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeAdolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeAdolf II, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was the last ruler of the small Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:...
, abdicated 15 November - Schwarzburg-RudolstadtSchwarzburg-RudolstadtSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany with its capital at Rudolstadt.-History:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands...
- Günther Victor, Prince of SchwarzburgGünther Victor, Prince of SchwarzburgGünther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg was the final sovereign prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.-Biography:...
, abdicated 22 November - Schwarzburg-SondershausenSchwarzburg-SondershausenSchwarzburg-Sondershausen was a small principality in Germany, in the present day state of Thuringia, with capital at Sondershausen.-History:...
- Günther Victor, Prince of Schwarzburg, abdicated 22 November - Principality of LippePrincipality of LippeLippe was a historical state in Germany. It was located between the Weser River and the southeast part of the Teutoburg forest.-History:...
- Leopold IV, Prince of LippeLeopold IV, Prince of LippeLeopold IV, Prince of Lippe was the final sovereign of the Principality of Lippe...
, abdicated 12 November - Reuss Elder LineReuss Elder LineThe Principality of Reuss Elder Line was a state in Germany, ruled by members of the House of Reuss. The Counts Reuss of Greiz, Lower- and Upper Greiz , were elevated to princely status in 1778. Its members bore the title Prince Reuss, Elder Line, or Prince Reuss of Greiz...
- Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of GreizHeinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of GreizHeinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz was the last reigning Prince Reuss of Greiz from 1902 to 1918. Then he became Head of the House Reuss of Greiz which became extinct at his death in 1927.-Early life:...
(with Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger LineHeinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger LineHeinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line was the last reigning Prince Reuss Younger Line from 1913 to 1918. Then he became Head of the House of Reuss Younger Line from 1918 to 1928.-Early life:...
, as regent), abdicated November - Reuss Younger Line - Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line, abdicated November
- Waldeck and PyrmontWaldeck (state)Waldeck was a sovereign principality in the German Empire and German Confederation and, until 1929, a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. It comprised territories in present-day Hesse and Lower Saxony, ....
- Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, abdicated 13 November
Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt - Frederick II, Duke of AnhaltFrederick II, Duke of AnhaltFrederick II was the Duke of Anhalt from 1904 until 1918.-Early life:He was born in Dessau in 1856 as the second son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Anhalt-Dessau and his wife Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg....
to 21 April, then Eduard, Duke of AnhaltEduard, Duke of AnhaltEduard Georg Wilhelm, Duke of Anhalt was a German prince of the House of Ascania and the penultimate ruler of the Duchy of Anhalt from April to September 1918.-Early life:...
to 13 September, then Joachim Ernst, Duke of AnhaltJoachim Ernst, Duke of AnhaltJoachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt was the last ruler of the Duchy of Anhalt.-Biography:He was born in Dessau the son of Duke Eduard of Anhalt and Princess Luise of Saxe-Altenburg , the daughter of Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg.He succeeded his father as Duke of Anhalt on September 13, 1918, however...
(with Prince Aribert of AnhaltPrince Aribert of AnhaltPrince Aribert of Anhalt , was a Prince of the German Duchy of Anhalt.He was regent of Anhalt from September to November 1918 on behalf of his underage nephew Duke Joachim Ernst...
regent), abdicated 12 November - Duke of Brunswick - Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, abdicated 8 November
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg - Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, abdicated 13 November
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and GothaCharles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and GothaCharles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was the fourth and last reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, two duchies in Germany , and the head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1900 until his death in 1954...
, abdicated 14 November - Duke of Saxe-Meiningen - Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, abdicated 10 November
Colonial Governor
- German East AfricaGerman East AfricaGerman East Africa was a German colony in East Africa, which included what are now :Burundi, :Rwanda and Tanganyika . Its area was , nearly three times the size of Germany today....
(Deutsch-Ostafrika) — Albert Heinrich Schnee to 14 November, although most of territory under Allied occupation.
Births
- 22 September — Hans SchollHans SchollHans Fritz Scholl was a founding member of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany.-Biography:...
, German White Rose resistance member (d. 19431943 in Germany-National level:Head of State*Adolf Hitler Chancellor* Adolf Hitler -Events:* 13 January — Helmut Schenk is the first person to use an ejection seat from an aircraft....
)
Deaths
- 23 February — Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, nobleman (b. 1882).
- 22 April — Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt, nobleman (b. 1856).
- 13 September — Eduard, Duke of AnhaltEduard, Duke of AnhaltEduard Georg Wilhelm, Duke of Anhalt was a German prince of the House of Ascania and the penultimate ruler of the Duchy of Anhalt from April to September 1918.-Early life:...
, nobleman (b. 1861).