1937 mass execution of Belarusians
Encyclopedia
October 29-30, 1937 executions in Belarus refers to a mass extermination of Belarus
ian writers, artists and statespeople by Communist authorities. This event marks the peak of the Great Purge
and repressions
in the Soviet-controlled East Belarus
.
More than 100 notable persons have been executed on that days, most of them in the night between 29 and 30 October 1937. The innocence of most of the executed has later been admitted by the Soviets after Stalin's death.
On September 7, 1937, Joseph Stalin
has signed a List of persons to be judged by a Soviet Military commission. The list was also signed by Vyacheslav Molotov
, Lazar Kaganovich
, Klim Voroshilov and Nikolay Yezhov. The results of the trials related to persons from the Belarusian SSR are formulated in a different list dated 15 September 1937 and signed by Stalin, Molotov and the senior state security official Vladimir Tsesarsky. The list of people from the Belarusian SSR sentenced to execution included 103 persons, 6 more persons have been sentenced to 10 and more years of concentration camps.
The initial list has been extended by the NKVD of the Belarusian SSR. People added to the list by the NKVD of Belarus are market with an asterisk (*) in the list below.
The executions took place in the Minsk
internal NKVD prison (known as the Amerikanka). A notable part of the executed people were ethnic Jews.
According to historian Leanid Marakou
, between March 3, 1937 and May 22, 1930 over 100 thousand people have become victims of repressions by the Soviet authorities.
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
ian writers, artists and statespeople by Communist authorities. This event marks the peak of the Great Purge
Great Purge
The Great Purge was a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin from 1936 to 1938...
and repressions
Soviet repressions in Belarus
Soviet repressions in Belarus refers to cases of ungrounded criminal persecution of people in Belarus under Communist rule. This includes persecution of people for the alleged counter-revolutionary activity, as well as deportations of people to other regions of the USSR based on their social,...
in the Soviet-controlled East Belarus
East Belarus
thumb|Coat of arms of East BelarusEast Belarus usually refers to the part of Belarus that was under Soviet occupation between 1919 and 1939, as opposed to West Belarus that was part of the Second Polish Republic in that time....
.
More than 100 notable persons have been executed on that days, most of them in the night between 29 and 30 October 1937. The innocence of most of the executed has later been admitted by the Soviets after Stalin's death.
On September 7, 1937, Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
has signed a List of persons to be judged by a Soviet Military commission. The list was also signed by Vyacheslav Molotov
Vyacheslav Molotov
Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin, to 1957, when he was dismissed from the Presidium of the Central Committee by Nikita Khrushchev...
, Lazar Kaganovich
Lazar Kaganovich
Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich was a Soviet politician and administrator and one of the main associates of Joseph Stalin.-Early life:Kaganovich was born in 1893 to Jewish parents in the village of Kabany, Radomyshl uyezd, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire...
, Klim Voroshilov and Nikolay Yezhov. The results of the trials related to persons from the Belarusian SSR are formulated in a different list dated 15 September 1937 and signed by Stalin, Molotov and the senior state security official Vladimir Tsesarsky. The list of people from the Belarusian SSR sentenced to execution included 103 persons, 6 more persons have been sentenced to 10 and more years of concentration camps.
The initial list has been extended by the NKVD of the Belarusian SSR. People added to the list by the NKVD of Belarus are market with an asterisk (*) in the list below.
The executions took place in the Minsk
Minsk
- Ecological situation :The ecological situation is monitored by Republican Center of Radioactive and Environmental Control .During 2003–2008 the overall weight of contaminants increased from 186,000 to 247,400 tons. The change of gas as industrial fuel to mazut for financial reasons has worsened...
internal NKVD prison (known as the Amerikanka). A notable part of the executed people were ethnic Jews.
According to historian Leanid Marakou
Leanid Marakou
Leanid Marakou — a Belarusian journalist, writer and historian-encyclopedist.- Biography :...
, between March 3, 1937 and May 22, 1930 over 100 thousand people have become victims of repressions by the Soviet authorities.
List of executed persons
- Barys Abukhou
- * Mikalay Arabey, head of primary education department of the Communist Party of Byelorussia
- Navum Aronau
- Ihnat Afanasyeu, lecturer and pedagogue
- * Anatol Auhustsinovich, head of construction department at the Soviet of People's Commissars (government) of Belarus of Belarus
- Siamion Babkou
- Heorhi Barzunou
- * Vadzim Bashkevich, senior official at the People's Commissariate for Education
- Salamon Beilin
- Abram Belatsarkouski
- * Yakau Branshteyn, literary critic
- Ivan Burdyka, government official
- * Viktar Vaynou, journalist
- * Aliaksandr Varonchanka, people's commisar (minister) for education of Belarus
- Stanislau Varshauski
- Ryhor Vasilyeu-Vashchylin
- Anatol Volny, artist
- Mousha-Nokhim Habayeu
- Apanas Habrusiou
- * Platon Halavach, writer
- Anton Heyshtern
- * Iosif Hershon, deputy education minister of Belarus
- Yakau Hinsburh
- Abram Hosin
- Kanstantsin Hurski
- Nokhman Hurevich
- * Mikalai Dzeniskevich, senior Communist Party official
- Mikalay Dzmitrau
- Ananiy Dziakau, president of the Belarusian State UniversityBelarusian State UniversityBelarusian State University , Minsk, Belarus, was founded on October 30, 1921. The BSU is a higher education establishment in the Republic of Belarus.-History:...
in 1934-1935 - Abram Drakakhrust
- Ales Dudar, poet
- * Khatskel Dunets, criticist and writer
- Hirsh Elianson
- Mikalai Yermakou
- Ivan Zhyvutski, teacher
- Navum Zamalin, junior professor at Vitsebsk Veterinarian Institute
- Mikhas Zaretski, writer
- Aliaksandr Ziankovich
- Aliaksandr Ivanou
- Prokhar Ispraunikau, agriculture journalist from Vitsebsk
- * Zakhar Kavaliou, statesman, Communist Party official
- Vasil Kaval, writer
- * Zakhar Kavalchuk, Labour Union leader
- * Mikalai Kandrashuk, senior official at the People's Commisariate for Light Industry of Belarus
- Salamon Kantar
- Mikhail Kapitanaki
- * Jazep Karaneuski, statesman, pedagogue
- Ivan Karpenka, veterinarian
- Herasim Kachanau
- Viktar Klianitski
- Todar Kliashtorny, poet
- Iosif Kudzelka, head of copyright department at the Union of Writers of Belarus
- * Maisei Kulbak, Yiddish language writer
- Aliaksei Kuchynski, statesman, pedagogue, journalist
- * Mikhail Labadayeu, Communist Party official
- * Leanard Lashkevich, senior agriculture official
- Aliaksandr Levin, literature criticist
- Salamon Levin, literature criticist
- Pinia Leybin
- Khaim Liaybovich
- * Maksim Liaukou, justice minister of Belarus
- Siamion Likhtenshteyn
- Mikite Lukashonak
- Yurka Liavonny, poet
- Salamon Liampert, student
- Elizar Mazel, veterinarian, scientist
- * Leu Mayseeu, Communist Party of Byelorussia official
- Barys Malau, senior official at the People's Commisariate of Trade
- Valery MarakouValery MarakouValery Marakou was a Belarusian poet and translator.- Short biography :...
, poet - Stsiapan Marhelau, geography scientist
- Mikhail Marholin
- * Barys Maryanau, , Communist Party of Byelorussia official
- Pavel Maslennikau
- Andrei Melik-Shakhnazarau
- Abram Mirlin
- Mikalai Misnikou
- * Dziamyan Mikhaylau, advisor at the government of Belarus
- Mikalay Mikheyeu
- * Siarhei Mitskou, factory director, ministry official
- Sierhei Murzo, poet
- Pavel Mukhin, veterinarian
- Yakau Navakhrest
- Ivan Nestsiarovich
- Ivan Padsiavalau
- Ivan Paplyka
- Mikhail Pasmarnik
- * Vasil Petrushenia, transport and utilities adviser at the government of Belarus
- Ziama Pivavarau, poet
- Mikhail Pitomtsau
- Apalon Pratapopau
- * Ryhor Pratasenia, agriculture chemistry scientist
- Izrail Purys
- Aliaksandr Putsilouski
- Ivan Putsintsau
- Kuzma Piatrashyn
- Yanka Niomanski, writer, social activist
- Aron-Leyb Razumouski
- Mikhail Rydzeuski, university professor
- Aliaksandr Samakhvalau
- Yakau Sandamirski, university professor
- Oskar Saprytski, government official
- Ivan Sarokash
- Yakau Spektar, government official
- Vasil Starynski
- Vasil Stasheuski, writer
- Heorhi Strele, sovkhozSovkhozA sovkhoz , typically translated as state farm, is a state-owned farm. The term originated in the Soviet Union, hence the name. The term is still in use in some post-Soviet states, e.g., Russia and Belarus. It is usually contrasted with kolkhoz, which is a collective-owned farm...
director - Mikalai Suroutsau
- Dzmitry Sialou, official at the education ministry
- Pantsialey Siardziuk, biologist
- Miron Tanenbaum
- Yudal Taubin, poet
- Ivan Trotski
- Elia Trumpatski
- * Andrei Turlay, People's Commissar for sovkhozSovkhozA sovkhoz , typically translated as state farm, is a state-owned farm. The term originated in the Soviet Union, hence the name. The term is still in use in some post-Soviet states, e.g., Russia and Belarus. It is usually contrasted with kolkhoz, which is a collective-owned farm...
y of Belarus - Yauhen Uspenski, physicist
- Ryhor Falkin
- Aba Finkelshtayn
- Yausei Flombaum
- * Isak Frydman, government official
- Dzmitry Kharlats
- * Izi Kharyk, poet
- Piatro Khatuliou, literature criticist
- Aliaksandr Charnushevich, education minister
- Mikalai Charniak
- Mikhas Charot, poet
- Kanstantsin Chachura
- Makar Shalay, literature criticist
- Yudal Shapira
- Pavel Shastakou, journalist
- * Aran Yudelson, Yiddish language poet
- Yakau Yulkin
- * Viktar Yarkin, official at the Dniapro-Dzvina river steamboats navigation in Homel
Sources
- Маракоў Л.Leanid MarakouLeanid Marakou — a Belarusian journalist, writer and historian-encyclopedist.- Biography :...
Ахвяры і карнікі. Мн.: Зміцер Колас, 2007 г. ISBN 978-985-6783-38-6 - Грахоўскі С. «Так погибали поэты»/Выбраныя творы. Мн.: Кнігазбор, 2007 г. ISBN 985-6824-59-1