1997 in spaceflight - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

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Deep-space rendezvous

Date (GMT Greenwich Mean Time Greenwich Mean Time is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London. It is arguably the same as Coordinated Universal Time and when this is viewed as a time zone the name Greenwich Mean Time is especially used by bodies connected with the United... )	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
20 February	Galileo	2nd flyby of Europa Europa (moon) Europa Slightly smaller than Earth's Moon, Europa is primarily made of silicate rock and probably has an iron core. It has a tenuous atmosphere composed primarily of oxygen. Its surface is composed of ice and is one of the smoothest in the Solar System. This surface is striated by cracks and...
5 April	Galileo	3rd flyby of Ganymede Ganymede (moon) Ganymede is a satellite of Jupiter and the largest moon in the Solar System. It is the seventh moon and third Galilean satellite outward from Jupiter. Completing an orbit in roughly seven days, Ganymede participates in a 1:2:4 orbital resonance with the moons Europa and Io, respectively...
7 May	Galileo	4th flyby of Ganymede
25 June	Galileo	2nd flyby of Callisto Callisto (moon) Callisto named after the Greek mythological figure of Callisto) is a moon of the planet Jupiter. It was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei. It is the third-largest moon in the Solar System and the second largest in the Jovian system, after Ganymede. Callisto has about 99% the diameter of the...
27 June	NEAR NEAR Shoemaker The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous - Shoemaker , renamed after its 1996 launch in honor of planetary scientist Eugene M. Shoemaker, was a robotic space probe designed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for NASA to study the near-Earth asteroid Eros from close orbit over a...	Flyby of 253 Mathilde 253 Mathilde 253 Mathilde is a main-belt asteroid about 50 km in diameter that was discovered by Johann Palisa in 1885. It has a relatively elliptical orbit that requires more than four years to circle the Sun. This asteroid has an unusually slow rate of rotation, requiring 17.4 days to complete a...	Closest approach: 1200 kilometres (745.6 mi)
4 July	Mars Pathfinder Mars Pathfinder Mars Pathfinder was an American spacecraft that landed a base station with roving probe on Mars in 1997. It consisted of a lander, renamed the Carl Sagan Memorial Station, and a lightweight wheeled robotic rover named Sojourner.Launched on December 4, 1996 by NASA aboard a Delta II booster a...	Landed on Mars Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. The planet is named after the Roman god of war, Mars. It is often described as the "Red Planet", as the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance...	Location: Ares Vallis Ares Vallis Ares Vallis is an outflow channel on Mars, named after the Greek name for Mars: Ares, the god of war; it appears to have been carved by fluids, perhaps water...
11 September	Mars Global Surveyor Mars Global Surveyor The Mars Global Surveyor was a US spacecraft developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched November 1996. It began the United States's return to Mars after a 10-year absence. It completed its primary mission in January 2001 and was in its third extended mission phase when, on 2...	Areocentric orbit Areocentric orbit An areocentric orbit is an orbit around the planet Mars. The Moon, by similarity, is in a geocentric orbit around Earth.The areo- prefix is derived from the ancient Greek word Ares which is the personification of the planet Mars in Greek mythology.... injection
17 September	Galileo	3rd flyby of Callisto
6 November	Galileo	3rd flyby of Europa
16 December	Galileo	4th flyby of Europa

EVAs

Start Date/Time	Duration	End Time	Spacecraft	Crew	Function	Remarks
14 February 04:34	6 hours	11:16	STS-82 STS-82 STS-82 was a Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission by Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 11 February 1997 and returned to earth on 21 February 1997 at Kennedy Space Center.-Crew:...	Mark C. Lee Mark C. Lee Mark Charles Lee USAF Colonel, is a former NASA astronaut who flew on four Space Shuttle missions. He retired from the Air Force and NASA on July 1, 2001.-Early life:... Steven Smith Steven Smith (astronaut) Steven Lee Smith , is an American technology executive and NASA astronaut.-Education:Graduated from Leland High School, San Jose, California, in 1977; received a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering in 1981; a master of science degree in electrical engineering in 1982; and a...	Swapped out the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph The Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph was a spectrograph installed on the Hubble Space Telescope. It was replaced by the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer in 1997.-GHRS facts:... for the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer The Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer is a scientific instrument for infrared astronomy, installed on the Hubble Space Telescope , operating from 1997 to 1999, and from 2002 to 2008... and replaced the Faint Object Spectrograph Faint Object Spectrograph The Faint Object Spectrograph was a spectrograph installed on the Hubble Space Telescope. It was replaced by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph in 1997, and is now on display in the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC. -FOS facts:... with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph is a spectrograph, also with a camera mode, installed on the Hubble Space Telescope. It operated continuously from 1997 until a power supply failure in 2004. After repairs, it began operating again in 2009... . Stowed the GHRS and FOS for return to earth in the payload bay.	Hubble Space Telescope Hubble Space Telescope The Hubble Space Telescope is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a Space Shuttle in 1990 and remains in operation. A 2.4 meter aperture telescope in low Earth orbit, Hubble's four main instruments observe in the near ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared... servicing
15 February 03:25	7 hours 27 minutes	10:52	STS-82 Discovery	Joseph R. Tanner Joseph R. Tanner Joseph Richard "Joe" Tanner is an American instructor at the University of Colorado at Boulder, a former military jet pilot, and a former NASA astronaut. He was born in Danville, Illinois. He is unusual among astronauts as he did not have a background in flight test nor did he earn any advanced...	Replaced a Fine Guidance Sensor Fine Guidance Sensor The Fine Guidance Sensor is an interferometric instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope that provides high-precision pointing information as input to the observatory's attitude control systems.... and an Engineering and Science Tape Recorder with spare replacement units. Also installed the Optical Control Electronics Enhancement Kit.	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
16 February 02:53	7 hours 11 minutes	10:04	STS-82 Discovery	Mark C. Lee Steven Smith	Replaced a Data Interface Unit with a spare unit and replaced a reel-to-reel tape drive Engineering and Science Tape Recorder with a solid-state digital version. Also replaced one of the four Reaction Wheel Assembly units that help point the telescope at targets.	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
17 February 03:45	6 hours 34 minutes	10:19	STS-82 Discovery	Gregory J. Harbaugh Joseph R. Tanner	Replaced the Solar Array Drive Electronics package with a spare, also replaced the covers of the satellite's magnetometers. Installed thermal blankets over areas of degraded insulation.	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
18 February 03:15	5 hours 17 minutes	08:32	STS-82 Discovery	Mark C. Lee Steven Smith	Installed more thermal insulation on three more areas that had undergone degradation.	Hubble Space Telescope servicing
29 April 05:10	4 hours 59 minutes	10:09	Mir Mir Mir was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, at first by the Soviet Union and then by Russia. Assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996, Mir was the first modular space station and had a greater mass than that of any previous spacecraft, holding the record for the... EO-23 Kvant-2 Kvant-2 Kvant-2 was the third module and second major addition to the Mir space station. Its primary purpose was to deliver new science experiments, better life support systems, and an airlock to Mir. It was launched on November 26, 1989 on a Proton rocket. It docked to Mir on December 6...	Vasily Tsibliyev Jerry M. Linenger Jerry M. Linenger Jerry Michael Linenger, M.D., M.S.S.M., M.P.H., Ph.D. is a former NASA astronaut, who flew on the Space Shuttle and Space Station Mir.-Background:...	Installed the Optical Properties Monitor on the exterior of Kristall Kristall The Kristall module was the fourth module and the third major addition to the Mir space station. As with previous modules, its configuration was based on the 77K module, and was originally named "Kvant 3". It was launched on May 31, 1990 on a Proton rocket... . Used the Strela crane to move to the Kvant-2 module. At Kvant-2 they retrieved two American experiments, the Partial Impact Experiment and the Mir Sample Experiment, from the Kvant-2 hull, and installed the Benton Radiation Dosimeter on Kvant-2.	First use of the new Orlan-M space suit.
22 August 11:14	3 hours 16 minutes	14:30	Mir EO-24	Anatoly Solovyev Anatoly Solovyev Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyev is a former Soviet pilot, cosmonaut, and Colonel. Solovyev holds the world record on the number of spacewalks performed , and accumulated time spent spacewalking .- Family :... Pavel Vinogradov	Reconnected power cabling to the Spektr Spektr Spektr was the fifth module of the Mir Space Station. The module was designed for remote observation of Earth's environment containing atmospheric and surface research equipment... solar arrays, thus restoring part of the power lost in the collision. Although the spacewalkers were able to recover equipment and supplies from the module, they were not able to find the puncture hole.	Internal EVA to inspect the damaged Spektr module
01:07	6 hours	07:07	Mir EO-24 Kvant-2	Anatoly Solovyev / Michael Foale Michael Foale Colin Michael Foale, CBE, PhD is a British-American astrophysicist with dual citizenship and a NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of six space shuttle missions and extended stays on both Mir and the International Space Station...	Solovyev road the Strela crane operated by Foale on the base block to Spektr to inspect for damage. Although an extensive documentation and search of Spektr, he was unable to find the hole. Before he returned to the airlock, Foale collected the radiation dosimeter installed outside earlier.	Foale became the first person to conduct EVAs in both American and Russian spacesuits.
1 October 17:29	5 hours 1 minute	22:30	STS-86 STS-86 STS-86 was a Space Shuttle Atlantis mission to the Mir space station. This was the last Atlantis mission before it was taken out of service temporarily for maintenance and upgrades, including the glass cockpit.-Crew:-Crew notes:... Mir	Scott E. Parazynski Scott E. Parazynski Scott Edward Parazynski, M.D. is an American physician and a former NASA astronaut. A veteran of five Space Shuttle flights and seven spacewalks, Parazynski's latest mission was STS-120 in October, 2007 --- highlighted by a dramatic, unplanned EVA to repair a live solar array... Vladimir Titov Vladimir Titov Vladimir Georgiyevich Titov , Colonel, Russian Air Force, Ret., and former Russian cosmonaut was born January 1, 1947, in Sretensk, in the Zabaykalsky Krai region of Russia. He is married to the former Alexandra Kozlova of Ivanovo Region, Russia...	Retrieved the four Mir Environmental Effects Packages from the docking module surface. Also installed the Solar Array Cap to the docking module, to be used to plug the hole in the Spektr module on a future EVA. To close out the EVA, the spacewalkers tested the Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue is a small, self-contained, propulsive backpack system used to provide free-flying mobility for a Space Shuttle or International Space Station crewmember during extra-vehicular activity... jet packs.
20 October 09:40	6 hours 38 minutes	16:18	Mir EO-24	Anatoly Solovyev Pavel Vinogradov	Attemptedc to install three control cables between the solar array servo motors to the special adapter plate that seals Spektr from the rest of Mir. After cleaning up some of the debris and loose items in Spektr, Solovyev was able to connect the three cables to the servos. But even after an effort that extended into the "emergency oxygen supply" of the Orlan space suits, Solovyev was only able to connect two of the cables to the adapter plate.	Internal EVA to repair the damaged Spektr module
3 November 03:32	6 hours 4 minutes	09:36	Mir EO-24 Kvant-2	Anatoly Solovyev Pavel Vinogradov	Released a minispunik (mini-satellite) into orbit. The spacewalkers then dismantled the old solar panel MSB-4 on Kvant-1 Kvant-1 Kvant-1 was the second module of the Soviet space station Mir. It was the first addition to the Mir base block and contained scientific instruments for astrophysical observations and materials science experiments.... . They stowed the panel on the outside of the base block.
6 November 00:12	6 hours 12 minutes	06:24	Mir EO-24 Kvant-2	Anatoly Solovyev Pavel Vinogradov	Installed a new solar array on Kvant-1 to replace the panel removed on their previous spacewalk.
25 November 00:02	7 hours 43 minutes	07:45	STS-87 STS-87 STS-87 was a Space Shuttle mission launched from KSC pad 39-B on 19 November 1997. It was the 88th flight of the Space Shuttle, and the 24th flight of Columbia...	Winston E. Scott Winston E. Scott Winston Elliott Scott is a retired United States Navy captain and former NASA astronaut.-Personal:Born August 6, 1950, in Miami, Florida. Married to the former Marilyn K. Robinson. They have two children. He enjoys martial arts and holds a 2nd degree black belt in Shotokan karate. He also enjoys... Takao Doi Takao Doi is a Japanese astronaut and a veteran of two NASA space shuttle missions.Doi holds a doctorate from the University of Tokyo in aerospace engineering, and has studied and published in the fields of propulsion systems, and microgravity technology...	Captured the Spartan satellite by hand and secured it in the payload bay. Then the spacewalking team set up and tested a crane that will be used to construct the International Space Station International Space Station The International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes... .	Doi became the first Japanese spacewalker.
3 December 09:09	4 hours 59 minutes	14:09	STS-87 Columbia	Winston E. Scott Takao Doi	Conducted more testing and evaluation of the crane in the payload bay. They repeated many of the same crane motion tests with smaller objects than in the earlier EVA. During the EVA a small free-flying video camera was deployed to record the work.

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