2-hydroxyglutarate synthase
Encyclopedia
In enzymology, a 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase is an enzyme
that catalyzes
the chemical reaction
The 3 substrates
of this enzyme are propanoyl-CoA, H2O
, and glyoxylate, whereas its two products
are 2-hydroxyglutarate and CoA
.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase
s, specifically those acyltransferases that convert acyl groups into alkyl groups on transfer. The systematic name of this enzyme class is propanoyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-propanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 2-carboxyethyl-forming). Other names in common use include 2-hydroxyglutaratic synthetase, 2-hydroxyglutaric synthetase, alpha-hydroxyglutarate synthase, hydroxyglutarate synthase, and 2-hydroxyglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-propanoylating). This enzyme participates in c5-branched dibasic acid metabolism.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
that catalyzes
Catalysis
Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....
the chemical reaction
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...
- propanoyl-CoA + H2O + glyoxylate
2-hydroxyglutarate + CoA
The 3 substrates
Substrate (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate. In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or...
of this enzyme are propanoyl-CoA, H2O
Water
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a...
, and glyoxylate, whereas its two products
Product (chemistry)
Product are formed during chemical reactions as reagents are consumed. Products have lower energy than the reagents and are produced during the reaction according to the second law of thermodynamics. The released energy comes from changes in chemical bonds between atoms in reagent molecules and...
are 2-hydroxyglutarate and CoA
Coenzyme A
Coenzyme A is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All sequenced genomes encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it as a substrate...
.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase
Transferase
In biochemistry, a transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another . For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a transferase:In this example, A would be the donor, and B would be the acceptor...
s, specifically those acyltransferases that convert acyl groups into alkyl groups on transfer. The systematic name of this enzyme class is propanoyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-propanoyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, 2-carboxyethyl-forming). Other names in common use include 2-hydroxyglutaratic synthetase, 2-hydroxyglutaric synthetase, alpha-hydroxyglutarate synthase, hydroxyglutarate synthase, and 2-hydroxyglutarate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-propanoylating). This enzyme participates in c5-branched dibasic acid metabolism.
See also
- D2HGDHD2HGDHD-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the D2HGDH gene.-See also:* L2HGDH* 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase* 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase* Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase-Further reading:...
- L2HGDHL2HGDHL-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the L2HGDH gene.-See also:* D2HGDH* 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase* 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase* Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase-Further reading:...
- 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenaseIn enzymology, a 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor \rightleftharpoons 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor...
- 2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria
- Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenaseHydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenaseIn enzymology, a hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate \rightleftharpoons acetoacetate + -2-hydroxyglutarate...