In enzymology, a hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase is an enzyme

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...

 that catalyzes

Catalysis

Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....

 the chemical reaction

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...

-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate acetoacetate + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate

Thus, the two substrates

Substrate (biochemistry)

In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate. In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or...

 of this enzyme are (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products

Product (chemistry)

Product are formed during chemical reactions as reagents are consumed. Products have lower energy than the reagents and are produced during the reaction according to the second law of thermodynamics. The released energy comes from changes in chemical bonds between atoms in reagent molecules and...

 are acetoacetate and (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase

Oxidoreductase

In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another...

s, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate:2-oxoglutarate oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called transhydrogenase, hydroxy acid-oxo acid.

See also

• D2HGDH
  D2HGDH
  D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the D2HGDH gene.-See also:* L2HGDH* 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase* 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase* Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase-Further reading:...
  
  
• L2HGDH
  L2HGDH
  L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the L2HGDH gene.-See also:* D2HGDH* 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase* 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase* Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase-Further reading:...
  
  
• 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase
  2-hydroxyglutarate synthase
  In enzymology, a 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionThe 3 substrates of this enzyme are propanoyl-CoA, H2O, and glyoxylate, whereas its two products are 2-hydroxyglutarate and CoA....
  
  
• 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
  2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
  In enzymology, a 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor \rightleftharpoons 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor...
  
  
• Alpha-Hydroxyglutaric acid
  Alpha-Hydroxyglutaric acid
  α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is an alpha hydroxy acid. In humans the compound is formed by a hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase whereas in bacteria is formed by a 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase. The compound can be converted to α-ketoglutaric acid through the action of a 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase...
  
  
• 2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria