The are limited express electric multiple unit

Electric multiple unit

An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages, using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages...

 types introduced in 1967 by Japanese National Railways

Japanese National Railways

, abbreviated or "JNR", was the national railway network of Japan from 1949 to 1987.-History:The term Kokuyū Tetsudō "state-owned railway" originally referred to a network of railway lines operated by nationalized companies under the control of the Railway Institute following the nationalization...

 and operated by East Japan Railway Company

East Japan Railway Company

is the largest passenger railway company in the world and one of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is officially abbreviated as JR East in English, and as in Japanese. The company's headquarters are in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo....

 (JR East) and West Japan Railway Company

West Japan Railway Company

, also referred to as , is one of the Japan Railways Group companies and operates in western Honshū. It has its headquarters in Kita-ku, Osaka.-History:...

 (JR West) on through services express Kitaguni

Kitaguni

The is an overnight train service that operates in Japan. Operated by West Japan Railway Company , it runs between Niigata Prefecture and Osaka in the Kansai region...

and other special trains.

The seats of the 581 and 583 series can transform to three-berth beds, and they were operated both daytime and night train services.

The 581 series was introduced in 1967 on the Midori

Midori (train)

The is a limited express train service in Japan operated by JR Kyushu which runs between Hakata and Sasebo.-Rolling stock:Services currently use 783 series EMUs. From 1976 to 2000, all trains were formed of 485 series EMUs.-History:...

( - daytime limited express) and Gekkō (Shin-Osaka - night limited express).

The 583 series was introduced in 1968 on the Hatsukari

Hatsukari

The and were limited express train services in Japan operated by Japanese National Railways and later East Japan Railway Company from 1958 until 2002.-History:...

( - via Tōhoku Main Line daytime), Hakutsuru (Ueno - Aomori via Tōhoku Main Line night), and Yūzuru (Ueno - Aomori via Jōban Line

Joban Line

The is a railway line in Japan operated by East Japan Railway Company . It begins at Nippori Station in Taitō, Tokyo and follows the Pacific coasts of Chiba, Ibaraki, and Fukushima Prefectures before the line officially ends at Iwanuma Station in Iwanuma, Miyagi...

 night).

These trains were subsequently used on other limited express services.

In 1982, when the Tōhoku Shinkansen

Tohoku Shinkansen

The is a Japanese high-speed Shinkansen rail line, connecting Tokyo with Aomori in Aomori Prefecture for a total length of 674 km, Japan's longest Shinkansen line. It runs through the more sparsely populated Tōhoku region of Japan's main island Honshu. It has two spur lines, Yamagata...

 opened, many cars became surplus to requirements, and some were remodeled into 419 series

419 series

The is an electric multiple unit train type introduced in 1985 by Japanese National Railways , and later operated by West Japan Railway Company on local services along the Japan Sea coast of Japan until March 2011...

 and 715 series

715 series

The is an electric multiple unit train type introduced in February 1984 by Japanese National Railways , and later operated by East Japan Railway Company and Kyushu Railway Company on local services in Japan...

 EMUs.

Individual car types

• KuHaNe 581: Cab car with air compressor and motor-generator
  Motor-generator
  A motor-generator is a device for converting electrical power to another form. Motor-generator sets are used to convert frequency, voltage, or phase of power. They may also be used to isolate electrical loads from the electrical power supply line...
  
   (150 kVA)
• KuHaNe 583: Cab car with air compressor and motor-generator (210 kVA)
• MoHaNe 580: Motored car with two pantographs (1,500 V DC / 20 kV AC 60Hz)
• MoHaNe 581: Motored car coupled to MoHaNe 580
• MoHaNe 582: Motored car with two pantographs (1,500 V DC / 20 kV AC 50/60Hz)
• MoHaNe 583: Motored car coupled to MoHaNe 582
• SaHaNe 581: Intermediate trailer car. All scrapped.
• SaRo 581: Intermediate trailer car (Green car
  Green Car
  Green Car can refer to:*Green vehicle*First class travel accommodations on many Japanese train lines...
  
  ). The seats cannot be converted into berths.
• SaRoNe 581: Converted from SaRo 581 in 1985 for Kitaguni
  Kitaguni
  The is an overnight train service that operates in Japan. Operated by West Japan Railway Company , it runs between Niigata Prefecture and Osaka in the Kansai region...
  
  services. The berths cannot be converted into seats.
• SaShi 581: Dining car. All scrapped

JR East (Akita Depot)

Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6
Numbering	KuHaNe 583	MoHaNe 582	MoHaNe 583	MoHaNe 582	MoHaNe 583	KuHaNe 583

JR East (Sendai Depot)

Set N1/N2:

Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6
Numbering	KuHaNe 583	MoHaNe 582	MoHaNe 583	MoHaNe 582	MoHaNe 583	KuHaNe 583

JR West (Kyoto Depot)

Sets B04-06:

Car No.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Numbering	KuHaNe 581	MoHaNe 582	MoHaNe 583	MoHaNe 582	MoHaNe 583	SaRo 581	SaRoNe 581	MoHaNe 582	MoHaNe 582	KuHaNe 581

External links

• JR Odekake net