ATC code A03
Encyclopedia

A03AA Synthetic
Chemical synthesis
In chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions to get a product, or several products. This happens by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions...

 anticholinergic
Anticholinergic
An anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system. An example of an anticholinergic is dicycloverine, and the classic example is atropine....

s, ester
Ester
Esters are chemical compounds derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH group is replaced by an -O-alkyl group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and...

s with tertiary amino group

A03AA01 Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphencyclimine is an antimuscarinic....

A03AA03 Camylofin
Camylofin
Camylofin is an antimuscarinic.It is used to treat stomachache for the infants as well as kids.Usually it is given with the combination with Paracetamol to treat stomachache as well as Pyrexia....

A03AA04 Mebeverine
Mebeverine
Mebeverine is a musculotropic antispasmodic drug without atropic side-effects whose major therapeutic role is in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. It is also indicated for treatment of gastrointestinal spasm secondary to organic disorder. It was first registered in 1965...

A03AA05 Trimebutine
Trimebutine
Trimebutine is a drug with antimuscarinic and weak mu opioid agonist effects. The maleic acid salt of trimebutine is marketed under the trademark of Debridat, Recutin, Polybutin, or Modulon for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal disorders...

A03AA06 Rociverine
Rociverine
Rociverine is an antimuscarinic....

A03AA07 Dicycloverine
A03AA08 Dihexyverine
Dihexyverine
Dihexyverine is an antimuscarinic....

A03AA09 Difemerine
Difemerine
Difemerine is an antimuscarinic....

A03AA30 Piperidolate
Piperidolate
Piperidolate is an antimuscarinic....


A03AB Synthetic anticholinergics, quaternary ammonium compounds

A03AB01 Benzilone
Benzilone
Benzilone is an antimuscarinic....

A03AB02 Glycopyrronium
A03AB03 Oxyphenonium
A03AB04 Penthienate
Penthienate
Penthienate is an antimuscarinic....

A03AB05 Propantheline
A03AB06 Otilonium bromide
Otilonium bromide
Otilonium bromide is an antimuscarinic.Sold under the brand name 'Spasmoctyl 40', and as 'Doralin' in Greece....

A03AB07 Methantheline
Methantheline
Methantheline is an antimuscarinic.Cusic, J. W.; Robinson, R. A.; J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 1921.http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo50006a015...

A03AB08 Tridihexethyl
Tridihexethyl
Tridihexethyl chloride is an anticholinergic, antimuscarinic and antispasmodic drug. It may be used, usually in combination with other drugs, to treat acquired nystagmus or peptic ulcer disease. Many patients discontinue the drug because of unwanted side effects.It is also known as Pathilon or...

A03AB09 Isopropamide
Isopropamide
Isopropamide is a long-acting anticholinergic drug. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders involving hyperacidity and hypermotility. Chemically, it contains a quaternary ammonium group. It is most often provided as an iodide salt, but is also available as...

A03AB10 Hexocyclium
Hexocyclium
Hexocyclium is an antimuscarinic. It is used in the form of its methyl sulfate, called hexocyclium metilsulfate....

A03AB11 Poldine
Poldine
Poldine is an antimuscarinic....

A03AB12 Mepenzolate
Mepenzolate
Mepenzolate is an antimuscarinic....

A03AB13 Bevonium
Bevonium
Bevonium is an antimuscarinic....

A03AB14 Pipenzolate
Pipenzolate
Pipenzolate is an antimuscarinic.It binds to muscarinic receptors as an antagonist therefore preventing acetyl choline from binding to the receptors....

A03AB15 Diphemanil
A03AB16 (2-benzhydryloxyethyl)diethyl-methylammonium iodide
A03AB17 Tiemonium iodide
Tiemonium iodide
Tiemonium iodide is an antimuscarinic. In humans it is a poorly absorbed quaternary ammonium cation....

A03AB18 Prifinium bromide
Prifinium bromide
Prifinium bromide is an antimuscarinic....

A03AB19 Timepidium bromide
Timepidium bromide
Timepidium bromide is an anticholinergic. The quaternary nitrogen prevents it from crossing the blood brain barrier, so it is peripherally acting with no central side effects....

A03AB21 Fenpiverinium
Fenpiverinium
Fenpiverinium is an antimuscarinic....

A03AB53 Oxyphenonium, combinations
QA03AB90 Benzetimide
QA03AB92 Carbachol
Carbachol
Carbachol , also known as carbamylcholine, is a drug that binds and activates the acetylcholine receptor. Thus it is classified as a cholinergic agonist. It is primarily used for various ophthalmic purposes, such as for treating glaucoma, or for use during ophthalmic surgery...

QA03AB93 Neostigmin

A03AC Synthetic antispasmodic
Antispasmodic
An antispasmodic is a drug or a herb that suppresses muscle spasms.-Smooth muscle spasm:One type of antispasmodics is used for smooth muscle contraction, especially in tubular organs of the gastrointestinal tract...

s, amides with tertiary amines

A03AC02 Dimethylaminopropionylphenothiazine
Dimethylaminopropionylphenothiazine
Dimethylaminopropionylphenothiazine or 10-phenothiazine is an antispasmodic....

A03AC04 Nicofetamide
A03AC05 Tiropramide
Tiropramide
Tiropramide is an antispasmodic....


A03AD Papaverine
Papaverine
Papaverine is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasm, vasospasm , and occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction...

 and derivatives

A03AD01 Papaverine
Papaverine
Papaverine is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasm, vasospasm , and occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction...

A03AD02 Drotaverine
Drotaverine
Drotaverine is an antispasmodic drug, structurally related to papaverine. Drotaverine is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, and has no anticholinergic effects. Drotaverine has been shown to possess dose-dependant analgesic effects in animal models...

A03AD30 Moxaverine
Moxaverine
Moxaverine is a drug used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders.It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor....


A03AE Drugs acting on serotonin
Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Biochemically derived from tryptophan, serotonin is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system of animals including humans...

 receptors

A03AE01 Alosetron
Alosetron
Alosetron is a 5-HT3 antagonist used for the management of severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in women only. It is currently marketed by Prometheus Laboratories Inc...

A03AE02 Tegaserod
Tegaserod
Tegaserod is a 5-HT4 agonist manufactured by Novartis and sold under the name Zelnorm for the management of irritable bowel syndrome and constipation. Approved by the FDA in 2002, it was subsequently removed from the market in 2007 due to FDA concerns about possible adverse cardiovascular effects...

A03AE03 Cilansetron
Cilansetron
Cilansetron is a drug that is a 5HT-3 antagonist currently under trial phase in the EU and US it is manufactured by Solvay Pharmaceuticals INC....

A03AE04 Prucalopride
Prucalopride
Prucalopride is a drug acting as a selective, high affinity 5-HT4 receptor agonist which targets the impaired motility associated with chronic constipation, thus normalising bowel movements...


A03AX Other drugs for functional bowel disorders

A03AX01 Fenpiprane
Fenpiprane
Fenpiprane is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....

A03AX02 Diisopromine
Diisopromine
Diisopromine or disoprominum, usually as the hydrochloride salt, is a synthetic spasmolytic which neutralizes spastic conditions of the biliary tract and of the sphincter of Oddi. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1955.-References:...

A03AX03 Chlorbenzoxamine
Chlorbenzoxamine
Chlorbenzoxamine is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....

A03AX04 Pinaverium
Pinaverium
Pinaverium is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders. It acts as a calcium channel blocker....

A03AX05 Fenoverine
Fenoverine
Fenoverine is an antispasmodic drug....

A03AX06 Idanpramine
Idanpramine
Idanpramine is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....

A03AX07 Proxazole
Proxazole
Proxazole is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....

A03AX08 Alverine
Alverine
Alverine is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....

A03AX09 Trepibutone
Trepibutone
Trepibutone is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....

A03AX10 Isometheptene
Isometheptene
Isometheptene is a sympathomimetic amine sometimes used in the treatment of migraines and tension headaches due to its vasoconstricting properties, that is, it causes constriction of blood vessels...

A03AX11 Caroverine
Caroverine
Caroverine is a drug used as a spasmolytic and otoneuroprotective agent in some countries. It acts as an N-type calcium channel blocker, competitive AMPA receptor antagonist, and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. It also has potent antioxidant effects.- References :...

A03AX12 Phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol is a benzenetriol. It is an organic compound that is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and explosives. This molecule exists in two forms, or tautomers, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, which has phenol-like, and 1,3,5-cyclohexanetrione , which has ketone-like character. These two...

A03AX13 Silicones
A03AX30 Trimethyldiphenylpropylamine
Trimethyldiphenylpropylamine
Trimethyldiphenylpropylamine is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....

A03AX58 Alverine, combinations
QA03AX63 Silicones, combinations
QA03AX90 Physiostigmin
QA03AX91 Macrogol ricinoleat (NFN)

A03BA Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines

A03BA01 Atropine
Atropine
Atropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , Jimson weed , mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects...

A03BA03 Hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the Solanaceae family, including henbane , mandrake , jimsonweed , tomato and deadly nightshade...

A03BA04 Belladonna total alkaloids

A03BB Belladonna alkaloids, semisynthetic, quaternary ammonium compounds

A03BB01 Butylscopolamine
A03BB02 Methylatropine
Methylatropine
Methylatropine is a belladonna derivative....

A03BB03 Methylscopolamine
A03BB04 Fentonium
Fentonium
Fentonium is a belladonna derivative....

A03BB05 Cimetropium bromide
Cimetropium bromide
Cimetropium bromide is a belladonna derivative....


A03CA Synthetic anticholinergic
Anticholinergic
An anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system. An example of an anticholinergic is dicycloverine, and the classic example is atropine....

 agents in combination with psycholeptic
Psycholeptic
In pharmacology, a psycholeptic is a medication which produces a calming effect upon the patient.The psycholeptics are classified under N05 in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System.-External links:...

s

A03CA01 Isopropamide
Isopropamide
Isopropamide is a long-acting anticholinergic drug. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders involving hyperacidity and hypermotility. Chemically, it contains a quaternary ammonium group. It is most often provided as an iodide salt, but is also available as...

 and psycholeptics
A03CA02 Clidinium and psycholeptics
A03CA03 Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphencyclimine
Oxyphencyclimine is an antimuscarinic....

 and psycholeptics
A03CA04 Otilonium bromide
Otilonium bromide
Otilonium bromide is an antimuscarinic.Sold under the brand name 'Spasmoctyl 40', and as 'Doralin' in Greece....

 and psycholeptics
A03CA05 Glycopyrronium and psycholeptics
A03CA06 Bevonium
Bevonium
Bevonium is an antimuscarinic....

 and psycholeptics
A03CA07 Ambutonium and psycholeptics
A03CA08 Diphemanil and psycholeptics
A03CA30 Emepronium
Emepronium
Emepronium is an anticholinergic drug used in urology as an antispasmodic.It causes ulceration of esophagus, so it should be taken in orthostatic position with sufficient amounts of liquids....

 and psycholeptics
A03CA34 Propantheline and psycholeptics

A03CB Belladonna and derivatives in combination with psycholeptics

A03CB01 Methylscopolamine and psycholeptics
A03CB02 Belladonna total alkaloids and psycholeptics
A03CB03 Atropine
Atropine
Atropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , Jimson weed , mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects...

 and psycholeptics
A03CB04 Methylhomatropine
Methylhomatropine
Homatropine methylbromide or Methylhomatropine bromide is a quaternary ammonium salt of methylhomatropine. It is a peripherally acting anticholinergic medication that inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system...

 and psycholeptics
A03CB31 Hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the Solanaceae family, including henbane , mandrake , jimsonweed , tomato and deadly nightshade...

 and psycholeptics

A03DA Synthetic anticholinergic agents in combination with analgesics

A03DA01 Tropenzilone and analgesics
A03DA02 Pitofenone
Pitofenone
Pitofenone is an antispasmodic....

 and analgesics
A03DA03 Bevonium
Bevonium
Bevonium is an antimuscarinic....

 and analgesics
A03DA04 Ciclonium and analgesics
A03DA05 Camylofin
Camylofin
Camylofin is an antimuscarinic.It is used to treat stomachache for the infants as well as kids.Usually it is given with the combination with Paracetamol to treat stomachache as well as Pyrexia....

 and analgesics
A03DA06 Trospium
Trospium
Trospium chloride is a muscarinic antagonist urinary antispasmodic. It has been developed and patented by Robert Pfleger and is sold under the brand name Sanctura in the US, Tropez OD in India,Trosec in Canada, Regurin and Flotros in the United Kingdom and Spasmex in Germany, Russia, Turkey,...

 and analgesics
A03DA07 Tiemonium iodide
Tiemonium iodide
Tiemonium iodide is an antimuscarinic. In humans it is a poorly absorbed quaternary ammonium cation....

 and analgesics

A03DB Belladonna and derivatives in combination with analgesics

A03DB04 Butylscopolamine and analgesics

A03FA Propulsives

A03FA01 Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide is an antiemetic and gastroprokinetic agent. It is commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting, to facilitate gastric emptying in people with gastroparesis, and as a treatment for the gastric stasis often associated with migraine headaches.-Medical uses:Metoclopramide is commonly...

A03FA02 Cisapride
Cisapride
Cisapride is a gastroprokinetic agent, a drug which increases motility in the upper gastrointestinal tract. It acts directly as a serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist and indirectly as a parasympathomimetic. Stimulation of the serotonin receptors increases acetylcholine release in the enteric nervous...

A03FA03 Domperidone
Domperidone
Domperidone is an antidopaminergic drug, developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica, and used orally, rectally or intravenously, generally to suppress nausea and vomiting, or as a prokinetic agent...

A03FA04 Bromopride
Bromopride
Bromopride is a dopamine antagonist with prokinetic properties widely used as an antiemetic, closely related to metoclopramide. It is not available in the United States.Bromopride appears to be safe and effective for use in pregnancy.-Indications:...

A03FA05 Alizapride
Alizapride
Alizapride is a dopamine antagonist with prokinetic and antiemetic effects used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting, including postoperative nausea and vomiting. It is structurally related to metoclopramide and other benzamides.- See also :* Antiemetic* BenzamideAnon., Drugs Future 1981, 6, 11....

A03FA06 Clebopride
Clebopride
Clebopride is a dopamine antagonist drug with antiemetic and prokinetic properties used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders. Chemically, it is a substituted benzamide, closely related to metoclopramide....

QA03FA90 Physiostigmine
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