ATC code A03
Encyclopedia
A03AA SyntheticChemical synthesisIn chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions to get a product, or several products. This happens by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions...
anticholinergicAnticholinergicAn anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system. An example of an anticholinergic is dicycloverine, and the classic example is atropine....
s, esterEsterEsters are chemical compounds derived by reacting an oxoacid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH group is replaced by an -O-alkyl group, and most commonly from carboxylic acids and...
s with tertiary amino group
- A03AA01 OxyphencyclimineOxyphencyclimineOxyphencyclimine is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AA03 CamylofinCamylofinCamylofin is an antimuscarinic.It is used to treat stomachache for the infants as well as kids.Usually it is given with the combination with Paracetamol to treat stomachache as well as Pyrexia....
- A03AA04 MebeverineMebeverineMebeverine is a musculotropic antispasmodic drug without atropic side-effects whose major therapeutic role is in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. It is also indicated for treatment of gastrointestinal spasm secondary to organic disorder. It was first registered in 1965...
- A03AA05 TrimebutineTrimebutineTrimebutine is a drug with antimuscarinic and weak mu opioid agonist effects. The maleic acid salt of trimebutine is marketed under the trademark of Debridat, Recutin, Polybutin, or Modulon for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal disorders...
- A03AA06 RociverineRociverineRociverine is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AA07 Dicycloverine
- A03AA08 DihexyverineDihexyverineDihexyverine is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AA09 DifemerineDifemerineDifemerine is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AA30 PiperidolatePiperidolatePiperidolate is an antimuscarinic....
A03AB Synthetic anticholinergics, quaternary ammonium compounds
- A03AB01 BenziloneBenziloneBenzilone is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AB02 Glycopyrronium
- A03AB03 Oxyphenonium
- A03AB04 PenthienatePenthienatePenthienate is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AB05 Propantheline
- A03AB06 Otilonium bromideOtilonium bromideOtilonium bromide is an antimuscarinic.Sold under the brand name 'Spasmoctyl 40', and as 'Doralin' in Greece....
- A03AB07 MethanthelineMethanthelineMethantheline is an antimuscarinic.Cusic, J. W.; Robinson, R. A.; J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 1921.http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo50006a015...
- A03AB08 TridihexethylTridihexethylTridihexethyl chloride is an anticholinergic, antimuscarinic and antispasmodic drug. It may be used, usually in combination with other drugs, to treat acquired nystagmus or peptic ulcer disease. Many patients discontinue the drug because of unwanted side effects.It is also known as Pathilon or...
- A03AB09 IsopropamideIsopropamideIsopropamide is a long-acting anticholinergic drug. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders involving hyperacidity and hypermotility. Chemically, it contains a quaternary ammonium group. It is most often provided as an iodide salt, but is also available as...
- A03AB10 HexocycliumHexocycliumHexocyclium is an antimuscarinic. It is used in the form of its methyl sulfate, called hexocyclium metilsulfate....
- A03AB11 PoldinePoldinePoldine is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AB12 MepenzolateMepenzolateMepenzolate is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AB13 BevoniumBevoniumBevonium is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AB14 PipenzolatePipenzolatePipenzolate is an antimuscarinic.It binds to muscarinic receptors as an antagonist therefore preventing acetyl choline from binding to the receptors....
- A03AB15 Diphemanil
- A03AB16 (2-benzhydryloxyethyl)diethyl-methylammonium iodide
- A03AB17 Tiemonium iodideTiemonium iodideTiemonium iodide is an antimuscarinic. In humans it is a poorly absorbed quaternary ammonium cation....
- A03AB18 Prifinium bromidePrifinium bromidePrifinium bromide is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AB19 Timepidium bromideTimepidium bromideTimepidium bromide is an anticholinergic. The quaternary nitrogen prevents it from crossing the blood brain barrier, so it is peripherally acting with no central side effects....
- A03AB21 FenpiveriniumFenpiveriniumFenpiverinium is an antimuscarinic....
- A03AB53 Oxyphenonium, combinations
- QA03AB90 Benzetimide
- QA03AB92 CarbacholCarbacholCarbachol , also known as carbamylcholine, is a drug that binds and activates the acetylcholine receptor. Thus it is classified as a cholinergic agonist. It is primarily used for various ophthalmic purposes, such as for treating glaucoma, or for use during ophthalmic surgery...
- QA03AB93 Neostigmin
A03AC Synthetic antispasmodicAntispasmodicAn antispasmodic is a drug or a herb that suppresses muscle spasms.-Smooth muscle spasm:One type of antispasmodics is used for smooth muscle contraction, especially in tubular organs of the gastrointestinal tract...
s, amides with tertiary amines
- A03AC02 DimethylaminopropionylphenothiazineDimethylaminopropionylphenothiazineDimethylaminopropionylphenothiazine or 10-phenothiazine is an antispasmodic....
- A03AC04 Nicofetamide
- A03AC05 TiropramideTiropramideTiropramide is an antispasmodic....
A03AD PapaverinePapaverinePapaverine is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasm, vasospasm , and occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction...
and derivatives
- A03AD01 PapaverinePapaverinePapaverine is an opium alkaloid antispasmodic drug, used primarily in the treatment of visceral spasm, vasospasm , and occasionally in the treatment of erectile dysfunction...
- A03AD02 DrotaverineDrotaverineDrotaverine is an antispasmodic drug, structurally related to papaverine. Drotaverine is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, and has no anticholinergic effects. Drotaverine has been shown to possess dose-dependant analgesic effects in animal models...
- A03AD30 MoxaverineMoxaverineMoxaverine is a drug used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders.It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor....
A03AE Drugs acting on serotoninSerotoninSerotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Biochemically derived from tryptophan, serotonin is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system of animals including humans...
receptors
- A03AE01 AlosetronAlosetronAlosetron is a 5-HT3 antagonist used for the management of severe diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in women only. It is currently marketed by Prometheus Laboratories Inc...
- A03AE02 TegaserodTegaserodTegaserod is a 5-HT4 agonist manufactured by Novartis and sold under the name Zelnorm for the management of irritable bowel syndrome and constipation. Approved by the FDA in 2002, it was subsequently removed from the market in 2007 due to FDA concerns about possible adverse cardiovascular effects...
- A03AE03 CilansetronCilansetronCilansetron is a drug that is a 5HT-3 antagonist currently under trial phase in the EU and US it is manufactured by Solvay Pharmaceuticals INC....
- A03AE04 PrucalopridePrucalopridePrucalopride is a drug acting as a selective, high affinity 5-HT4 receptor agonist which targets the impaired motility associated with chronic constipation, thus normalising bowel movements...
A03AX Other drugs for functional bowel disorders
- A03AX01 FenpipraneFenpipraneFenpiprane is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....
- A03AX02 DiisopromineDiisopromineDiisopromine or disoprominum, usually as the hydrochloride salt, is a synthetic spasmolytic which neutralizes spastic conditions of the biliary tract and of the sphincter of Oddi. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1955.-References:...
- A03AX03 ChlorbenzoxamineChlorbenzoxamineChlorbenzoxamine is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....
- A03AX04 PinaveriumPinaveriumPinaverium is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders. It acts as a calcium channel blocker....
- A03AX05 FenoverineFenoverineFenoverine is an antispasmodic drug....
- A03AX06 IdanpramineIdanpramineIdanpramine is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....
- A03AX07 ProxazoleProxazoleProxazole is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....
- A03AX08 AlverineAlverineAlverine is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....
- A03AX09 TrepibutoneTrepibutoneTrepibutone is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....
- A03AX10 IsomethepteneIsomethepteneIsometheptene is a sympathomimetic amine sometimes used in the treatment of migraines and tension headaches due to its vasoconstricting properties, that is, it causes constriction of blood vessels...
- A03AX11 CaroverineCaroverineCaroverine is a drug used as a spasmolytic and otoneuroprotective agent in some countries. It acts as an N-type calcium channel blocker, competitive AMPA receptor antagonist, and non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. It also has potent antioxidant effects.- References :...
- A03AX12 PhloroglucinolPhloroglucinolPhloroglucinol is a benzenetriol. It is an organic compound that is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and explosives. This molecule exists in two forms, or tautomers, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, which has phenol-like, and 1,3,5-cyclohexanetrione , which has ketone-like character. These two...
- A03AX13 Silicones
- A03AX30 TrimethyldiphenylpropylamineTrimethyldiphenylpropylamineTrimethyldiphenylpropylamine is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders....
- A03AX58 Alverine, combinations
- QA03AX63 Silicones, combinations
- QA03AX90 Physiostigmin
- QA03AX91 Macrogol ricinoleat (NFN)
A03BA Belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines
- A03BA01 AtropineAtropineAtropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , Jimson weed , mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects...
- A03BA03 HyoscyamineHyoscyamineHyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the Solanaceae family, including henbane , mandrake , jimsonweed , tomato and deadly nightshade...
- A03BA04 Belladonna total alkaloids
A03BB Belladonna alkaloids, semisynthetic, quaternary ammonium compounds
- A03BB01 Butylscopolamine
- A03BB02 MethylatropineMethylatropineMethylatropine is a belladonna derivative....
- A03BB03 Methylscopolamine
- A03BB04 FentoniumFentoniumFentonium is a belladonna derivative....
- A03BB05 Cimetropium bromideCimetropium bromideCimetropium bromide is a belladonna derivative....
A03CA Synthetic anticholinergicAnticholinergicAn anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system. An example of an anticholinergic is dicycloverine, and the classic example is atropine....
agents in combination with psycholepticPsycholepticIn pharmacology, a psycholeptic is a medication which produces a calming effect upon the patient.The psycholeptics are classified under N05 in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System.-External links:...
s
- A03CA01 IsopropamideIsopropamideIsopropamide is a long-acting anticholinergic drug. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders involving hyperacidity and hypermotility. Chemically, it contains a quaternary ammonium group. It is most often provided as an iodide salt, but is also available as...
and psycholeptics - A03CA02 Clidinium and psycholeptics
- A03CA03 OxyphencyclimineOxyphencyclimineOxyphencyclimine is an antimuscarinic....
and psycholeptics - A03CA04 Otilonium bromideOtilonium bromideOtilonium bromide is an antimuscarinic.Sold under the brand name 'Spasmoctyl 40', and as 'Doralin' in Greece....
and psycholeptics - A03CA05 Glycopyrronium and psycholeptics
- A03CA06 BevoniumBevoniumBevonium is an antimuscarinic....
and psycholeptics - A03CA07 Ambutonium and psycholeptics
- A03CA08 Diphemanil and psycholeptics
- A03CA30 EmeproniumEmeproniumEmepronium is an anticholinergic drug used in urology as an antispasmodic.It causes ulceration of esophagus, so it should be taken in orthostatic position with sufficient amounts of liquids....
and psycholeptics - A03CA34 Propantheline and psycholeptics
A03CB Belladonna and derivatives in combination with psycholeptics
- A03CB01 Methylscopolamine and psycholeptics
- A03CB02 Belladonna total alkaloids and psycholeptics
- A03CB03 AtropineAtropineAtropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , Jimson weed , mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects...
and psycholeptics - A03CB04 MethylhomatropineMethylhomatropineHomatropine methylbromide or Methylhomatropine bromide is a quaternary ammonium salt of methylhomatropine. It is a peripherally acting anticholinergic medication that inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system...
and psycholeptics - A03CB31 HyoscyamineHyoscyamineHyoscyamine is a tropane alkaloid. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the Solanaceae family, including henbane , mandrake , jimsonweed , tomato and deadly nightshade...
and psycholeptics
A03DA Synthetic anticholinergic agents in combination with analgesics
- A03DA01 Tropenzilone and analgesics
- A03DA02 PitofenonePitofenonePitofenone is an antispasmodic....
and analgesics - A03DA03 BevoniumBevoniumBevonium is an antimuscarinic....
and analgesics - A03DA04 Ciclonium and analgesics
- A03DA05 CamylofinCamylofinCamylofin is an antimuscarinic.It is used to treat stomachache for the infants as well as kids.Usually it is given with the combination with Paracetamol to treat stomachache as well as Pyrexia....
and analgesics - A03DA06 TrospiumTrospiumTrospium chloride is a muscarinic antagonist urinary antispasmodic. It has been developed and patented by Robert Pfleger and is sold under the brand name Sanctura in the US, Tropez OD in India,Trosec in Canada, Regurin and Flotros in the United Kingdom and Spasmex in Germany, Russia, Turkey,...
and analgesics - A03DA07 Tiemonium iodideTiemonium iodideTiemonium iodide is an antimuscarinic. In humans it is a poorly absorbed quaternary ammonium cation....
and analgesics
A03DB Belladonna and derivatives in combination with analgesics
- A03DB04 Butylscopolamine and analgesics
A03FA Propulsives
- A03FA01 MetoclopramideMetoclopramideMetoclopramide is an antiemetic and gastroprokinetic agent. It is commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting, to facilitate gastric emptying in people with gastroparesis, and as a treatment for the gastric stasis often associated with migraine headaches.-Medical uses:Metoclopramide is commonly...
- A03FA02 CisaprideCisaprideCisapride is a gastroprokinetic agent, a drug which increases motility in the upper gastrointestinal tract. It acts directly as a serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist and indirectly as a parasympathomimetic. Stimulation of the serotonin receptors increases acetylcholine release in the enteric nervous...
- A03FA03 DomperidoneDomperidoneDomperidone is an antidopaminergic drug, developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica, and used orally, rectally or intravenously, generally to suppress nausea and vomiting, or as a prokinetic agent...
- A03FA04 BromoprideBromoprideBromopride is a dopamine antagonist with prokinetic properties widely used as an antiemetic, closely related to metoclopramide. It is not available in the United States.Bromopride appears to be safe and effective for use in pregnancy.-Indications:...
- A03FA05 AlizaprideAlizaprideAlizapride is a dopamine antagonist with prokinetic and antiemetic effects used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting, including postoperative nausea and vomiting. It is structurally related to metoclopramide and other benzamides.- See also :* Antiemetic* BenzamideAnon., Drugs Future 1981, 6, 11....
- A03FA06 CleboprideCleboprideClebopride is a dopamine antagonist drug with antiemetic and prokinetic properties used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders. Chemically, it is a substituted benzamide, closely related to metoclopramide....
- QA03FA90 Physiostigmine