Abaúj-Torna
Encyclopedia
Abaúj-Torna is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
. Its capital was Košice
(Hungarian: Kassa). Its territory is presently in eastern Slovakia
and north-eastern Hungary
.
(Gemer-Malohont), Szepes
(Spiš), Sáros
(Šariš), Zemplén (Zemplín), and Borsod
. The rivers Hornád
and Bodva
flowed through the county. Its area was 3317 km² around 1910.
(Abov) and Torna
(Turňa). It existed in three periods in the 18th, 19th and 20th century: first from 1785 until 1790, again from 1848 until 1859, and finally from 1882 until the end of World War I
.
In the aftermath of World War I
, the northern part of Abaúj-Torna county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia (as Abovskoturnianska župa), as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon
. It continued to exist as an administrative unit until 1922. The southern half stayed in Hungary
as the county Abaúj-Torna, with capital Szikszó
.
Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award
, most of the Czechoslovak part came under Hungarian control in November 1938. It was added to the county Abaúj-Torna, with capital Košice
. After World War II
, the Trianon border was restored, and the Hungarian county Abaúj-Torna merged with the county Borsod
and the Hungarian part of Zemplén
to form the present Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
county. Since 1993, when Czechoslovakia
was split, the northern part of Abaúj-Torna is part of Slovakia
, Košice region
.
In 1941: 203,438 Hungarians, 18,879 Slovaks, 2581 Bunjevacs, 904 Germans, 623 Roma, 256 Ruthenians, 72 Romanians, 3 Croatians, 105 other; 140,377 Roman Catholics, 45,384 Protestants, 22,476 Greek Catholics, 14,764 Jewish, 4773 Evangelicals, 339 Greek Orthodox, 116 Baptists and 55 Unitarians.
The towns Füzér
, Szikszó
, Gönc
and Abaújszántó
are presently in Hungary
.
Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)
A county is the name of a type of administrative units in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Hungary from the 10th century until the present day....
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. Its capital was Košice
Košice
Košice is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary...
(Hungarian: Kassa). Its territory is presently in eastern Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
and north-eastern Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
.
Geography
Around 1910, Abaúj-Torna county shared borders with the counties Gömör-KishontGömör-Kishont
Gömör-Kishont is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its capital was Rimaszombat...
(Gemer-Malohont), Szepes
Szepes (county)
Szepes is the Hungarian name of the historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary officially called Scepusium before the late 19th century. It now lies in northeastern Slovakia, with a very small area in southeastern Poland...
(Spiš), Sáros
Sáros county
Sáros was a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in northeastern Slovakia...
(Šariš), Zemplén (Zemplín), and Borsod
Borsod
Borsod was the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day northeastern Hungary. The capital of the county was Miskolc...
. The rivers Hornád
Hornád
Hornád or Hernád is a river in eastern Slovakia and north-eastern Hungary.It is a tributary to the river Sajó, which is itself a tributary to the river Tisza. The source of the Hornád is in the Low Tatra mountains under the Kráľova hoľa hill, southwest of Poprad...
and Bodva
Bodva
The Bodva is a 110-km long river in Slovakia and Hungary. Its source is in the Slovenské rudohorie Mountains. The river crosses the border with Hungary near Turňa nad Bodvou, and it flows into the river Sajó in Boldva, north of Miskolc...
flowed through the county. Its area was 3317 km² around 1910.
History
The county Abaúj-Torna was a combination of the counties AbaújAbaúj
Abaúj is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. In parts of the 19th century, and in the beginning of the 20th century, it was united with Torna County to form Abaúj-Torna county. Its territory is presently in eastern Slovakia and north-eastern Hungary...
(Abov) and Torna
Turna
Torna is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary...
(Turňa). It existed in three periods in the 18th, 19th and 20th century: first from 1785 until 1790, again from 1848 until 1859, and finally from 1882 until the end of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
.
In the aftermath of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, the northern part of Abaúj-Torna county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia (as Abovskoturnianska župa), as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary . The treaty greatly redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from to...
. It continued to exist as an administrative unit until 1922. The southern half stayed in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
as the county Abaúj-Torna, with capital Szikszó
Szikszó
Szikszó is a small town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, 15 kilometers from county capital Miskolc.-History:Szikszó was first mentioned in documents in 1280. It belonged to the estate of the Aba clan. After 1370 Aba Estates in the area became the property of King Sigismund and then...
.
Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award
First Vienna Award
The First Vienna Award was the result of the First Vienna Arbitration, which took place at Vienna's Belvedere Palace on November 2, 1938. The Arbitration and Award were direct consequences of the Munich Agreement...
, most of the Czechoslovak part came under Hungarian control in November 1938. It was added to the county Abaúj-Torna, with capital Košice
Košice
Košice is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary...
. After World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the Trianon border was restored, and the Hungarian county Abaúj-Torna merged with the county Borsod
Borsod
Borsod was the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day northeastern Hungary. The capital of the county was Miskolc...
and the Hungarian part of Zemplén
Zemplín
Zemplén is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently situated in eastern Slovakia under the name of Zemplín...
to form the present Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is the name of an administrative county in north-eastern Hungary , on the border with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Hajdú-Bihar and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. The capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county is Miskolc...
county. Since 1993, when Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
was split, the northern part of Abaúj-Torna is part of Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
, Košice region
Košice Region
The Košice Region is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. It consists of 11 districts .-Geography:It is located in the southern part of eastern Slovakia and covers an area of 6,752 km²...
.
Demographics
According to the census of 1910 the county had a population of 202,288 people. Among them 156,668 Hungarians, 36,067 Slovaks, 6520 Germans, 387 Ruthenians and 2444 other; 118,179 Roman Catholics, 42,728 Protestants, 20,089 Greek Catholics, 14,251 Jewish, 6832 Evangelicals.In 1941: 203,438 Hungarians, 18,879 Slovaks, 2581 Bunjevacs, 904 Germans, 623 Roma, 256 Ruthenians, 72 Romanians, 3 Croatians, 105 other; 140,377 Roman Catholics, 45,384 Protestants, 22,476 Greek Catholics, 14,764 Jewish, 4773 Evangelicals, 339 Greek Orthodox, 116 Baptists and 55 Unitarians.
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Abaúj-Torna/Abov-Turňa county were:| Districts (járás) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Cserehát | Szepsi, Slovak Slovak language Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people... : Moldava nad Bodvou |
| Füzér | Hernádzsadány, Slovak Slovak language Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people... : Ždaňa Ždana Ždaňa is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.-Geography:The village lies at an altitude of 185 metres and covers an area of 5.565 km².It has a population of about 1310 people.-Culture:... |
| Gönc | Abaújszántó Abaújszántó Abaújszántó is a small town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, about 40 kilometers from county capital Miskolc. It belongs to the famous Tokaj-Hegyalja wine district.-History:... |
| Kassa | Kassa, Slovak Slovak language Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people... : Košice Košice Košice is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary... |
| Szikszó | Szikszó Szikszó Szikszó is a small town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, 15 kilometers from county capital Miskolc.-History:Szikszó was first mentioned in documents in 1280. It belonged to the estate of the Aba clan. After 1370 Aba Estates in the area became the property of King Sigismund and then... |
| Torna | Torna, Slovak Slovak language Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people... : Turňa nad Bodvou Turna nad Bodvou Turňa nad Bodvou is a village and municipality in Košice-okolie District in the Kosice Region of eastern Slovakia.-History:In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1198... |
| Urban counties (törvényhatósági jogú város) | |
| Kassa, Slovak Slovak language Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people... : Košice Košice Košice is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary... |
|
The towns Füzér
Füzér
Füzér is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Hungary.- External links :* * *...
, Szikszó
Szikszó
Szikszó is a small town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, 15 kilometers from county capital Miskolc.-History:Szikszó was first mentioned in documents in 1280. It belonged to the estate of the Aba clan. After 1370 Aba Estates in the area became the property of King Sigismund and then...
, Gönc
Gönc
Gönc is a small town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, 70 kilometers from county capital Miskolc. It is the northernmost town of Hungary and the second smallest town of the county.- History :...
and Abaújszántó
Abaújszántó
Abaújszántó is a small town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, about 40 kilometers from county capital Miskolc. It belongs to the famous Tokaj-Hegyalja wine district.-History:...
are presently in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
.
See also
- AbaújAbaújAbaúj is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. In parts of the 19th century, and in the beginning of the 20th century, it was united with Torna County to form Abaúj-Torna county. Its territory is presently in eastern Slovakia and north-eastern Hungary...
- AbovAbovAbov is:* historically the Slovak name of a county in the Kingdom of Hungary * today an informal designation of the part of that county situated in Slovakia, as well as the official name of one of Slovakia's tourist regions...
- TurňaTurnaTorna is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary...