Gömör-Kishont
Encyclopedia
Gömör-Kishont is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
. Its capital was Rimaszombat (Rimavská Sobota
). Its territory is currently in southern Slovakia
and northern Hungary
.
(Spiš), Abaúj-Torna
(Abov-Turňa), Borsod
, Heves
and Nógrád
(Novohrad). It was situated in Slovenské rudohorie approximately between the present-day Slovak-Hungarian border, the towns Poltár
and Rožňava
and the Low Tatra
s (Nízke Tatry). The river Slaná
flowed through the county. Its area was 4,279 km² around 1910.
(Gemer) and Kishont (Malohont). It existed from 1786 until the end of World War I
, with an interruption from 1790 until 1802. Gömör is one of the oldest counties of the Kingdom of Hungary
, and was already mentioned in the 11th century. Kishont is the territory approximately between the towns Tisovec
and Rimavská Sobota
. Counties of Gömör and Kishont was part of Ottoman Empire
between 1541-1595 and 1605-1687.
In the aftermath of World War I
, most of Gömör-Kishont county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia, as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon
. The area around Putnok
became part of the Hungarian county Borsod-Gömör-Kishont (currently part of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
). The Czechoslovak part of the county was part of the Slovak Land (Slovenská krajina/zem).
Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award
, most of the Czechoslovak part came under Hungarian control in November 1938. The Gömör-Kishont county was recreated. The small northernmost part that remained in Slovak hands (a.o. the towns Dobšiná
and Revúca
) became part of the new Hron county (Pohronská župa). The Trianon borders were restored after World War II. Since 1993, when Czechoslovakia
was split, Gemer and Malohont have been part of Slovakia
, and since 1996 divided between the Košice region
and the Banská Bystrica region
.
Putnok
is currently in Hungary
; all other named towns are currently in Slovakia
.
Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)
A county is the name of a type of administrative units in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Hungary from the 10th century until the present day....
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. Its capital was Rimaszombat (Rimavská Sobota
Rimavská Sobota
Rimavská Sobota is a town in southern Slovakia, in the Banská Bystrica Region, on the Rimava river. It has 24,374 inhabitants . The town is a historical capital of the Gömör-Kishont county .-Geography:...
). Its territory is currently in southern Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
and northern Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
.
Geography
Around 1910, Gömör-Kishont county shared borders with the counties Zólyom (Zvolen), Liptó (Liptov), SzepesSzepes (county)
Szepes is the Hungarian name of the historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary officially called Scepusium before the late 19th century. It now lies in northeastern Slovakia, with a very small area in southeastern Poland...
(Spiš), Abaúj-Torna
Abaúj-Torna
Abaúj-Torna is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its capital was Košice...
(Abov-Turňa), Borsod
Borsod
Borsod was the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day northeastern Hungary. The capital of the county was Miskolc...
, Heves
Heves (former county)
Heves was the name an administrative county in the former Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which is presently in northern Hungary, was slightly larger than that of present Heves county. The capital of the county was Eger.-Geography:...
and Nógrád
Nógrád (former county)
Nógrád was the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in southern Slovakia and in northern present-day Hungary. The name Novohrad is still used in Slovakia as an informal designation of the corresponding territory...
(Novohrad). It was situated in Slovenské rudohorie approximately between the present-day Slovak-Hungarian border, the towns Poltár
Poltár
Poltár is a town and municipality in the Poltár District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.-Geography:The town is located in the Southern Slovak basin near the river Ipeľ, south of the Revúcka Hills, which is part of the Slovak Ore Mountains, around from Lučenec.It is home to a small...
and Rožňava
Rožnava
Rožňava is a town in Slovakia, approximately 71 km by road from Košice in the Košice Region, and has a population of 19,120.The town is an economic and tourist center of the Gemer. Rožňava is now a popular tourist attraction with a beautiful historic town centre. The town is an episcopal seat...
and the Low Tatra
Low Tatra
The Low Tatras or Low Tatra is a mountain range of the Inner Western Carpathians in central Slovakia.It is located south of the Tatras proper, from which it is separated by the valleys of the Váh and Poprad rivers . The valley formed by the Hron River is situated south of the Low Tatras range...
s (Nízke Tatry). The river Slaná
Sajó
The Sajó is a river in Slovakia and Hungary.Its length is 229 km, of which 110 km is in Slovakia. Its source is in the Stolica Mountains range of the Slovak Ore Mountains. It flows through the Slovak town Rožňava and the Hungarian city Miskolc. In Hungary it flows through the county of...
flowed through the county. Its area was 4,279 km² around 1910.
History
The county Gömör-Kishont was a combination of the counties GömörGemer
Gemer is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the 19th century, and in the beginning of the 20th century, it was united with the Kishont region to form Gömör-Kishont county . Its territory is presently in southern Slovakia and northern Hungary...
(Gemer) and Kishont (Malohont). It existed from 1786 until the end of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, with an interruption from 1790 until 1802. Gömör is one of the oldest counties of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
, and was already mentioned in the 11th century. Kishont is the territory approximately between the towns Tisovec
Tisovec
Tisovec is a town in central Slovakia. Its current population is approximately 4,000.- Location and landscape :Tisovec is situated in the valley of the river Rimava, at the foots of the Muránska planina plateau. The landscape there gives the impression of a small town in the mountains...
and Rimavská Sobota
Rimavská Sobota
Rimavská Sobota is a town in southern Slovakia, in the Banská Bystrica Region, on the Rimava river. It has 24,374 inhabitants . The town is a historical capital of the Gömör-Kishont county .-Geography:...
. Counties of Gömör and Kishont was part of Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
between 1541-1595 and 1605-1687.
In the aftermath of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, most of Gömör-Kishont county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia, as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary . The treaty greatly redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from to...
. The area around Putnok
Putnok
Putnok is a town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary. It lies away from Miskolc, between the Bükk Mountains and the river Sajó.-History:...
became part of the Hungarian county Borsod-Gömör-Kishont (currently part of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is the name of an administrative county in north-eastern Hungary , on the border with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Hajdú-Bihar and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. The capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county is Miskolc...
). The Czechoslovak part of the county was part of the Slovak Land (Slovenská krajina/zem).
Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award
First Vienna Award
The First Vienna Award was the result of the First Vienna Arbitration, which took place at Vienna's Belvedere Palace on November 2, 1938. The Arbitration and Award were direct consequences of the Munich Agreement...
, most of the Czechoslovak part came under Hungarian control in November 1938. The Gömör-Kishont county was recreated. The small northernmost part that remained in Slovak hands (a.o. the towns Dobšiná
Dobšiná
Dobšiná is a town in the Slovenské rudohorie mountains in Slovakia, on the Slaná River, north-west of Košice.-Geography:...
and Revúca
Revúca
Revúca is a town in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Revúca is the seat of Revúca District.-History:...
) became part of the new Hron county (Pohronská župa). The Trianon borders were restored after World War II. Since 1993, when Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
was split, Gemer and Malohont have been part of Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
, and since 1996 divided between the Košice region
Košice Region
The Košice Region is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions. It consists of 11 districts .-Geography:It is located in the southern part of eastern Slovakia and covers an area of 6,752 km²...
and the Banská Bystrica region
Banská Bystrica Region
The Banská Bystrica Region is one of the Slovak regions in the country of Slovakia in Europe.-Geography:It is located in the central part of Slovakia and has an area of 9,455 km². The region is prevailingly mountains, with several ranges within the area. The highest of them are the Low Tatras...
.
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Gömör-Kishont/Gemer-Malohont county were:| Districts (járás) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Feled | Feled, SK Slovak language Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people... Jesenské Jesenské Jesenské is a village and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia.-History:The first mention is from 1274. In 1424 the village is noticed as property of the Feledys. It belonged to the Gemer and then to hájnačske castle county... |
| Garamvölgy | Nándorvölgy, SK Vaľkovňa Valkovna Vaľkovňa is a village and municipality in Brezno District, in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia.... |
| Nagyrőce | Jolsva, SK Jelšava Jelšava Jelšava is a town and municipality in Revúca District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.-Geography:The town lies in the Revúcka vrchovina highlands at the border of the Slovak Ore Mountains and Slovak Karst, in the valley of the Muráň river, at an altitude of around 258 m... |
| Putnok | Putnok Putnok Putnok is a town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary. It lies away from Miskolc, between the Bükk Mountains and the river Sajó.-History:... |
| Ratkó | Ratkó, SK Ratková Ratková Ratková is a village and municipality in Revúca District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.-External links:*http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html... |
| Rimaszombat | Nyustya, SK Hnúšťa Hnúšta Hnúšťa is a town and municipality in the Rimavská Sobota District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia.It is a birthplace of a well known Slovak writer of 19th century, member of the Štúr generation, Janko Francisci Rimavský... |
| Rozsnyó | Rozsnyó, SK Rožňava Rožnava Rožňava is a town in Slovakia, approximately 71 km by road from Košice in the Košice Region, and has a population of 19,120.The town is an economic and tourist center of the Gemer. Rožňava is now a popular tourist attraction with a beautiful historic town centre. The town is an episcopal seat... |
| Tornalja | Tornalja, SK Tornaľa Tornala Tornaľa is a town and municipality in Revúca District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia, with a population of almost 8,000.-Geography:... |
| Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
| Dobsina, SK Dobšiná Dobšiná Dobšiná is a town in the Slovenské rudohorie mountains in Slovakia, on the Slaná River, north-west of Košice.-Geography:... |
|
| Jolsva, SK Jelšava Jelšava Jelšava is a town and municipality in Revúca District in the Banská Bystrica Region of Slovakia.-Geography:The town lies in the Revúcka vrchovina highlands at the border of the Slovak Ore Mountains and Slovak Karst, in the valley of the Muráň river, at an altitude of around 258 m... |
|
| Nagyrőce, SK Revúca Revúca Revúca is a town in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Revúca is the seat of Revúca District.-History:... |
|
| Rimaszombat, SK Rimavská Sobota Rimavská Sobota Rimavská Sobota is a town in southern Slovakia, in the Banská Bystrica Region, on the Rimava river. It has 24,374 inhabitants . The town is a historical capital of the Gömör-Kishont county .-Geography:... |
|
| Rozsnyó, SK Rožňava Rožnava Rožňava is a town in Slovakia, approximately 71 km by road from Košice in the Košice Region, and has a population of 19,120.The town is an economic and tourist center of the Gemer. Rožňava is now a popular tourist attraction with a beautiful historic town centre. The town is an episcopal seat... |
|
Putnok
Putnok
Putnok is a town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary. It lies away from Miskolc, between the Bükk Mountains and the river Sajó.-History:...
is currently in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
; all other named towns are currently in Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
.