• Muhammad
• Abdul-Aziz
  Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia
  King Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia was the first monarch of the Third Saudi State known as Saudi Arabia. He was commonly referred to as Ibn Saud....
  
  
• Saad
  Sa'd ibn Abd al-Rahman
  * Faisal* Fahd* SaudSa'd bin Abdul-Rahman was the only full brother of Abd al-Aziz, founder of the modern state of Saudi Arabia...
  
  
• Saud
• Abdallah
  Abdallah ibn Abd al-Rahman
  * Faisal* Yazid* Abdul-Rahman* Muhammad* Khalid* Fahd* Sa'd* Saud* Bandar* Turki* thirty-four othersAbdallah bin Abd al-Rahman was born in 1889, the seventh son of the Amir of the Second Saudi State, Abd al-Rahman bin Faisal. He was prominent in the military campaigns of his elder brother Abd...
  
  
• Musaid
• Faysal
• Abdul-Muhsin
• Fahd
• Ahmad
• Saad
• sixteen daughters

Abdul-Rahman bin Faisal (1850–1928) ( / ALA-LC: ‘Abd ar-Raḥman bin Fayṣal) was the last ruler of the Second Saudi State

Second Saudi State

The Second Saudi State existed during the 19th century when the rule of the House of Saud was restored to central and eastern Arabia after having previously been brought down by an Ottoman-Egyptian invasion in 1818...

. He was the youngest son of Faisal bin Turki

Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud

*Abdallah*Saud*Muhammad*Abdul RahmanImam Faisal was the second ruler of the Second Saudi State and seventh Head of the House of Saud. He is the son of Imam Turki. He ruled from 1834 to 1838. Then was forced into exile by the Ottomans...

. He was the father of King Abdul-Aziz, who founded the modern nation of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...

.

Royal Civil War

When Abdul-Rahman's brothers — Saud and Abdullah — were battling for power, Abdul-Rahman and his other brother Muhammad tended to align themselves with Saud. In 1871, after Saud had taken the capital Riyadh

Riyadh

Riyadh is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia. It is also the capital of Riyadh Province, and belongs to the historical regions of Najd and Al-Yamama. It is situated in the center of the Arabian Peninsula on a large plateau, and is home to 5,254,560 people, and the urban center of a...

. Abdul-Rahman was sent to Baghdad

Baghdad

Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...

 to negotiate with the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...

 for help. Unsuccessful after two years, he tried to take Al-Hasa

Al-Hasa

Al-Ahsa is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, named after Al-Ahsa oasis. The name Al-Ahsa is also given to the biggest city in the region, Hofuf. In classic Arabic, Ahsa means the sound of water underground. It has one of the largest oases in the world with Date Palms of...

 in the east where Abdullah was now based, but without success, and eventually returned to Riyadh. After Saud's death in 1875, Abdul-Rahman was recognized as successor, but within a year Riyadh was taken by Abdullah. He was forced to abdicate.

In 1887 the sons of Saud bin Faisal, who kept up desultory hostilities against their uncles, managed to capture Abdullah. The Al Rashid

Rashidi

Al Rasheed, the House of Rashid, or the House of Rasheed were a historic dynasty of the Arabian Peninsula, and the most formidable enemies of the House of Saud in Nejd...

 amirs of Ha'il

Ha'il

Ha'il , also spelled Hail, Ha'yel, or Hayil, is an oasis city in Nejd in northwestern Saudi Arabia. It is the capital of the Ha'il Province. The city has a population of 356,876 according to Ha'il Province....

 were able to secure Abdullah's release in exchange for Abdul-Rahman. Abdullah was taken to Ha'il and a Rashidi emir appointed to him to govern Riyadh. Abdul-Rahman was able to rise in revolt in 1887 and take and defend Riyadh, but his attempts to expand control ended in disaster. After a retreat to al-Ahsa, he retook Riyadh again in 1889.

So far, the infighting had seen Saudi authority over the region of Najd

Najd

Najd or Nejd , literally Highland, is the central region of the Arabian Peninsula.-Boundaries :The Arabic word nejd literally means "upland" and was once applied to a variety of regions within the Arabian Peninsula...

 reduced to little more than nominal, and the only benefactors of the ongoing strife were the Al Rashid

Rashidi

Al Rasheed, the House of Rashid, or the House of Rasheed were a historic dynasty of the Arabian Peninsula, and the most formidable enemies of the House of Saud in Nejd...

 of Ha'il

Ha'il

Ha'il , also spelled Hail, Ha'yel, or Hayil, is an oasis city in Nejd in northwestern Saudi Arabia. It is the capital of the Ha'il Province. The city has a population of 356,876 according to Ha'il Province....

. Abdul-Rahman was finally defeated at the Battle of Mulayda

Battle of Mulayda

Battle of Mulayda was the last major battle during the existence of the Second Saudi State. Following problems over Zakat and the arrest of the Rashidi leader, Ibn Sabhan, Rashidies planned to end the Saudi State and conquer both Qassim region and Riyadh...

 by forces of the Rashid and forced into exile.

Flight

The family fled to the desert of the Rub al-Khali to the southeast among the Murra

Murra

Murra is a municipality in the Nueva Segovia Department of Nicaragua.Murra is a small municipal head in the department of Nueva Segovia. The tiny pueblo has a population of approximately 1,000 inhabitants and is made up of four barrios squeezed into a narrow valley high in the mountains...

 Bedouin

Bedouin

The Bedouin are a part of a predominantly desert-dwelling Arab ethnic group traditionally divided into tribes or clans, known in Arabic as ..-Etymology:...

, before finding refuge with the Al Khalifa

Al Khalifa

The Al Khalifa family is the ruling family of Bahrain. The Al Khalifa profess Sunni Islam and belong to the Anizah tribe that migrated from Najd to Kuwait in the early 18th century. They are also from the Utub tribe...

 family in Bahrain

Bahrain

' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...

, and finally with the Al Sabah family in Kuwait

Kuwait

The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...

. After defeat at the battle of Sarif in 1901, he gave up all ambitions to recovery his patrimony. In later years, as his son built what was to become Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...

, Abdul-Rahman was styled Imam

Imam

An imam is an Islamic leadership position, often the worship leader of a mosque and the Muslim community. Similar to spiritual leaders, the imam is the one who leads Islamic worship services. More often, the community turns to the mosque imam if they have a religious question...

 and considered the spiritual leader of the country, while Abdul-Aziz held secular and military authority.
Abdul-Rahman died in 1928.