• Abdallah
• Saud
• Muhammad
• Abdul Rahman
  Abdul Rahman bin Faisal
  *Muhammad*Abdul-Aziz*Saad*Saud*Abdallah*Musaid*Faysal*Abdul-Muhsin*Fahd*Ahmad*Saad*sixteen daughtersAbdul-Rahman bin Faisal was the last ruler of the Second Saudi State. He was the youngest son of Faisal bin Turki...
  
  

Imam Faisal (1785- 1865) was the second ruler of the Second Saudi State

Second Saudi State

The Second Saudi State existed during the 19th century when the rule of the House of Saud was restored to central and eastern Arabia after having previously been brought down by an Ottoman-Egyptian invasion in 1818...

 and seventh Head of the House of Saud

House of Saud

The House of Saud , also called the Al Saud, is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia and one of the wealthiest and most powerful dynasties in the world. The family holds thousands of members...

. He is the son of Imam Turki. He ruled from 1834 to 1838. Then was forced into exile by the Ottomans. He reclaimed the throne in 1843 and ruled to 1865.

Turki's Assasination and Ottoman Resistance

He was deported to Egypt along with other members of his family after the fall of First Saudi State

First Saudi State

The First Saudi State was established in the year 1744 when imam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Prince Muhammad ibn Saud formed an alliance to establish a religious & political sovereignty determined to cleanse the Arabian Peninsula of heretical practices and deviations from orthodox Islam...

. He managed to escape and joined his father Turki

Turki ibn Abdallah

*Fahd bin Turki*Jiluwi bin Turki*Faisal bin Turki*Abdallah bin TurkiTurki bin Abdullah bin Muhammad was the founder of the Second Saudi State and ruled the area of Najd during the period from 1821-1834 following administration by the Ottoman Empire.-Kingship:Leadership of the House of Saud passed...

 in his revolt against the Egyptian forces of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...

.

After Turki established the Second Saudi State, Faisal was sent on military operations to al-Hasa

Al-Hasa

Al-Ahsa is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, named after Al-Ahsa oasis. The name Al-Ahsa is also given to the biggest city in the region, Hofuf. In classic Arabic, Ahsa means the sound of water underground. It has one of the largest oases in the world with Date Palms of...

 in the east. But his father was assassinated by Mushari bin Abdul-Rahman, a distant cousin. Faisal hurried back to Riyadh to deal with the revolt. His troops stormed the castle and killed Mushari. Those not directly involved in the murder were spared and the town pledged allegiance.

His rule continued to be opposed by the Ottoman forces, however, and the Egyptian governor of Arabia, Khurshid Pasha, supported a rival candidate - Khalid bin Saud. Khalid was a member of the senior line of the Saud family. Faisal was forced to flee the city and take refuge with the alKhorayef princes of the tribes of Bani Tamim. In 1838, he attempted to come to terms with Khurshid Pasha, but was forced to go into exile a second time in Cairo. In 1843, Faisal escaped from captivity again and returned to Riyadh.

Return and Kingship

He easily defeated the Abdallah bin Thunayyan, who had revolted against the ineffective Khalid and taken control. Faisal depended on a close alliance with the Al Rashid

Rashidi

Al Rasheed, the House of Rashid, or the House of Rasheed were a historic dynasty of the Arabian Peninsula, and the most formidable enemies of the House of Saud in Nejd...

 family of Hail

Hail

Hail is a form of solid precipitation. It consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is referred to as a hail stone. Hail stones on Earth consist mostly of water ice and measure between and in diameter, with the larger stones coming from severe thunderstorms...

. Abdullah bin Rashid played a key role in his success, and the two families were extensively intermarried. In return, Faisal appointed Abdullah as the Amir of Ha'il. Faisal governed with great success until his death in 1865.

Infighting among his four sons eventually destroyed the state. His branch of the family, which includes the present King of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , commonly known in British English as Saudi Arabia and in Arabic as as-Sa‘ūdiyyah , is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab World...

, is referred to as the Al Faisal.