Abu al-Rabi Sulayman
Encyclopedia
Abu al-Rabi Sulayman (March 1289 – 23 November 1310)(reigned 28 July 1308-23 November 1310) was a Marinid
ruler of Morocco
. Son or grandson of Abu Yaqub Yusuf
and brother of Abu Thabit Amir
, whom he succeeded in 1308, at the age of 19.
as Marinid sultan in July 1308. Abu Thabit had died at Tetouan
, while laying siege to Ceuta
, then held by Othman ibn Idris, a Nasrid-sponsored pretender to the Marinid throne. It is alleged that emissaries of Abu al-Rabi were party to the talks at Alcalá de Henares in late 1309 between Ferdinand IV of Castile
and James II of Aragon
directed against the Nasrid sultan Muhammad III
of Granada
. After Muhammad III was deposed in a place coup by his brother Nasr
in March, 1309, the Nasrids were quick to repair relations, abandoning the pretender Othman ibn Idris and actively assisting Abu al-Rabi in recovering Ceuta
in July, 1309.
The Marinids were quick to return the favor. Abu al-Rabi dispatched a Marinid fleet to force the Castilians to lift the siege of Algeciras
in January 1310, and dispatched enough North African troops to assist the Granadines to fend off the Aragon
ese landing near Almeria
.
As part of the deal, a marriage treaty was contracted between Abu al-Rabi and a Granadine princess. The Nasrid ruler Nasr
of Granada
passed over the Iberian
towns of Algeciras
and Ronda
to the Marinids as dowry.
Like his brother before him, Abu al-Rabi Sulayman fell ill and died in November, 1310. Without sons of his own, he was succeeded by an uncle, Abu Sa'id Uthman II
as Marinid
sultan of Morocco
.
Marinid
The Marinid dynasty or Benemerine dynasty was a Zenata Berber dynasty of Morocco. The Marinid dynasty overtook the Almohads in controlling Morocco in 1244. They controlled most of the Maghreb from the mid-14th century to the 15th century and supported the Kingdom of Granada in Al-Andalus in the...
ruler of Morocco
Morocco
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
. Son or grandson of Abu Yaqub Yusuf
Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr
Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr was a Marinid ruler of Morocco. Son of Abu Yusuf Ya'qub, whom he succeeded in 1286. He was assassinated in 1307.- History :...
and brother of Abu Thabit Amir
Abu Thabit Amir
Abu Thabit Amir was a Marinid ruler of Morocco for around a year. Son or grandson of Abu Yaqub Yusuf, whom he succeeded in 1307.- History :...
, whom he succeeded in 1308, at the age of 19.
History
Abu al-Rabi Sulayman succeeded his brother Abu Thabit AmirAbu Thabit Amir
Abu Thabit Amir was a Marinid ruler of Morocco for around a year. Son or grandson of Abu Yaqub Yusuf, whom he succeeded in 1307.- History :...
as Marinid sultan in July 1308. Abu Thabit had died at Tetouan
Tétouan
Tetouan is a city in northern Morocco. The Berber name means literally "the eyes" and figuratively "the water springs". Tetouan is one of the two major ports of Morocco on the Mediterranean Sea. It lies a few miles south of the Strait of Gibraltar, and about 40 mi E.S.E. of Tangier...
, while laying siege to Ceuta
Ceuta
Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded by Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies on the border of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta along with the other Spanish...
, then held by Othman ibn Idris, a Nasrid-sponsored pretender to the Marinid throne. It is alleged that emissaries of Abu al-Rabi were party to the talks at Alcalá de Henares in late 1309 between Ferdinand IV of Castile
Ferdinand IV of Castile
Ferdinand IV, El Emplazado or "the Summoned," was a king of Castile and León and Galicia...
and James II of Aragon
James II of Aragon
James II , called the Just was the King of Sicily from 1285 to 1296 and King of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona from 1291 to 1327. In 1297 he was granted the Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica...
directed against the Nasrid sultan Muhammad III
Muhammed III, Sultan of Granada
Muhammed III was a son of Muhammed II al-Faqih and the third Nasrid ruler of the Moorish Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula....
of Granada
Emirate of Granada
The Emirate of Granada , also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada , was an emirate established in 1238 following the defeat of Muhammad an-Nasir of the Almohad dynasty by an alliance of Christian kingdoms at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212...
. After Muhammad III was deposed in a place coup by his brother Nasr
Nasr, Sultan of Granada
Nasr , full name Abu'l-Juyush Nasr, was a son of Muhammed II al-Faqih and the fourth Nasrid ruler of the Moorish Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula. Nasr was a child of a Christian concubine....
in March, 1309, the Nasrids were quick to repair relations, abandoning the pretender Othman ibn Idris and actively assisting Abu al-Rabi in recovering Ceuta
Ceuta
Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of North Africa surrounded by Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies on the border of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta along with the other Spanish...
in July, 1309.
The Marinids were quick to return the favor. Abu al-Rabi dispatched a Marinid fleet to force the Castilians to lift the siege of Algeciras
Algeciras
Algeciras is a port city in the south of Spain, and is the largest city on the Bay of Gibraltar . Port of Algeciras is one of the largest ports in Europe and in the world in three categories: container,...
in January 1310, and dispatched enough North African troops to assist the Granadines to fend off the Aragon
Aragon
Aragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...
ese landing near Almeria
Almería
Almería is a city in Andalusia, Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the capital of the province of the same name.-Toponym:Tradition says that the name Almería stems from the Arabic المرية Al-Mariyya: "The Mirror", comparing it to "The Mirror of the Sea"...
.
As part of the deal, a marriage treaty was contracted between Abu al-Rabi and a Granadine princess. The Nasrid ruler Nasr
Nasr, Sultan of Granada
Nasr , full name Abu'l-Juyush Nasr, was a son of Muhammed II al-Faqih and the fourth Nasrid ruler of the Moorish Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula. Nasr was a child of a Christian concubine....
of Granada
Emirate of Granada
The Emirate of Granada , also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada , was an emirate established in 1238 following the defeat of Muhammad an-Nasir of the Almohad dynasty by an alliance of Christian kingdoms at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212...
passed over the Iberian
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
towns of Algeciras
Algeciras
Algeciras is a port city in the south of Spain, and is the largest city on the Bay of Gibraltar . Port of Algeciras is one of the largest ports in Europe and in the world in three categories: container,...
and Ronda
Ronda
Ronda is a city in Spanish province of Málaga. It is located about West from the city of Málaga, within the autonomous community of Andalusia. Its population is approximately 35,000 inhabitants.-History:...
to the Marinids as dowry.
Like his brother before him, Abu al-Rabi Sulayman fell ill and died in November, 1310. Without sons of his own, he was succeeded by an uncle, Abu Sa'id Uthman II
Abu Sa'id Uthman II
Abu Sa'id Uthman II was the 10th Marinid sultan...
as Marinid
Marinid
The Marinid dynasty or Benemerine dynasty was a Zenata Berber dynasty of Morocco. The Marinid dynasty overtook the Almohads in controlling Morocco in 1244. They controlled most of the Maghreb from the mid-14th century to the 15th century and supported the Kingdom of Granada in Al-Andalus in the...
sultan of Morocco
Morocco
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
.
Sources
- Julien, Charles-André, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830, édition originale 1931, réédition Payot, Paris, 1961