Acipenseriformes
Encyclopedia
Acipenseriformes are an order
of primitive ray-finned fishes
that includes the sturgeon
s and paddlefish
es, as well as some extinct families.
Notable characteristics of Acipenseriformes include:
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
of primitive ray-finned fishes
Actinopterygii
The Actinopterygii or ray-finned fishes constitute a class or sub-class of the bony fishes.The ray-finned fishes are so called because they possess lepidotrichia or "fin rays", their fins being webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines , as opposed to the fleshy, lobed fins that characterize...
that includes the sturgeon
Sturgeon
Sturgeon is the common name used for some 26 species of fish in the family Acipenseridae, including the genera Acipenser, Huso, Scaphirhynchus and Pseudoscaphirhynchus. The term includes over 20 species commonly referred to as sturgeon and several closely related species that have distinct common...
s and paddlefish
Paddlefish
Paddlefish are primitive Chondrostean ray-finned fishes. The paddlefish can be distinguished by its large mouth and its elongated, spatula-like snout, called a rostrum, which is longer than the rest of the head...
es, as well as some extinct families.
Notable characteristics of Acipenseriformes include:
- CartilaginousCartilageCartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the intervertebral discs...
endoskeleton - Lack of vertebral centrumBody of vertebraThe body is the largest part of a vertebra, and is more or less cylindrical in shape. For vertebrates other than humans, this structure is usually called a centrum....
- Spiral valve intestine
- Conus arteriosusConus arteriosusThe conus arteriosus is a conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary trunk arises....
Acipenseriformes
Order Acipenseriformes Berg, 1940- Family Acipenseridae BonaparteCharles Lucien BonaparteCharles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano was a French naturalist and ornithologist.-Biography:...
, 1831- Subfamily Acipenserinae
- Genus AcipenserAcipenserAcipenser is genus of sturgeons. With about 19 species, many of which are threatened, it is the largest genus in the order Acipenseriformes.-Species:*Acipenser baerii J. F. Brandt, 1869**Acipenser baerii baerii J. F...
Linnaeus, 1758- Acipenser baerii J. F. BrandtJohann Friedrich von BrandtJohann Friedrich von Brandt was a German naturalist.Brandt was born in Jüterbog and educated at a gymnasium in Wittenberg and the University of Berlin. In 1831 he was appointed director of the Zoological Department at the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences, where he published in Russian...
, 1869- Acipenser baerii baerii J. F. Brandt, 1869 (Siberian sturgeon)
- Acipenser baerii baicalensis NikolskiiAlexander Mikhailovich NikolskyAlexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky was a Russian zoologist born in Astrakhan.From 1877 to 1881 he studied at the University of St. Petersburg, earning his doctorate several years later in 1887. From 1881 to 1891 he took part in numerous expeditions to Siberia, the Caucasus, Persia, Japan, et al. In...
, 1896 (Baikal sturgeon)
- Acipenser brevirostrum LesueurCharles Alexandre LesueurCharles Alexandre Lesueur was a French naturalist, artist and explorer.Pictured here is the oil portrait by Charles Willson Peale of Charles-Alexandre Lesueur...
, 1818 (Shortnose sturgeon) - Acipenser colchicus Marti, 1940 (Black Sea sturgeon)
- Acipenser dabryanus A. H. A. Duméril, 1869 (Yangtze sturgeon)
- Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque (Lake sturgeon)
- Acipenser gueldenstaedtii J. F. BrandtJohann Friedrich von BrandtJohann Friedrich von Brandt was a German naturalist.Brandt was born in Jüterbog and educated at a gymnasium in Wittenberg and the University of Berlin. In 1831 he was appointed director of the Zoological Department at the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences, where he published in Russian...
& RatzeburgJulius Theodor Christian RatzeburgJulius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg was a German zoologist, botanist, entomologist, and forester.-Biography:...
, 1833 (Russian sturgeon) - Acipenser medirostris AyresWilliam Orville AyresWilliam Orville Ayres was an American physician and ichthyologist. Born in Connecticut, he studied to become a doctor at Yale University School of Medicine....
, 1854 (Green sturgeon) - Acipenser mikadoi HilgendorfFranz Martin HilgendorfFranz Martin Hilgendorf was a German zoologist and paleontologist. Hilgendorf's research on fossil snails from the Steinheim crater in the early 1860s became a palaeontological evidence for the theory of evolution published by Charles Darwin in 1859.-Life and work:Franz Hilgendorf was born...
, 1892 (Sakhalin sturgeon) - Acipenser multiscutatus S. Tanaka (I)Shigeho Tanakawas a Japanese ichthyologist and professor of zoology at the Imperial University of Tokyo. He published numerous works on fishes and sharks and co-authored a book on Japanese fish with famous American scientist David Starr Jordan.Publications:...
, 1908 (Japanese sturgeon) - Acipenser naccarii BonaparteCharles Lucien BonaparteCharles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano was a French naturalist and ornithologist.-Biography:...
, 1836 (Adriatic sturgeon) - Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828 (Fringebarbel sturgeon)
- Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815
- Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov, 1955 (Gulf sturgeon)
- Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815 (Atlantic sturgeon)
- Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 (Persian sturgeon)
- Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758 (Sterlet)
- Acipenser schrenckii J. F. BrandtJohann Friedrich von BrandtJohann Friedrich von Brandt was a German naturalist.Brandt was born in Jüterbog and educated at a gymnasium in Wittenberg and the University of Berlin. In 1831 he was appointed director of the Zoological Department at the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences, where he published in Russian...
, 1869 (Amur sturgeon) - Acipenser sinensis J. E. GrayJohn Edward GrayJohn Edward Gray, FRS was a British zoologist. He was the elder brother of George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ....
, 1835 (Chinese sturgeon) - Acipenser stellatus PallasPeter Simon PallasPeter Simon Pallas was a German zoologist and botanist who worked in Russia.- Life and work :Pallas was born in Berlin, the son of Professor of Surgery Simon Pallas. He studied with private tutors and took an interest in natural history, later attending the University of Halle and the University...
, 1771 (Starry sturgeon) - Acipenser sturio Linnaeus, 1758 (European sturgeon)
- Acipenser transmontanus J. RichardsonJohn Richardson (naturalist)Sir John Richardson was a Scottish naval surgeon, naturalist and arctic explorer.Richardson was born at Dumfries. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University, and became a surgeon in the navy in 1807. He traveled with John Franklin in search of the Northwest Passage on the Coppermine Expedition of...
, 1836 (White sturgeon)
- Acipenser baerii J. F. Brandt
- Genus HusoHusoHuso is a genus of large sturgeons. It contains two species:*Huso dauricus *Huso huso...
J. F. BrandtJohann Friedrich von BrandtJohann Friedrich von Brandt was a German naturalist.Brandt was born in Jüterbog and educated at a gymnasium in Wittenberg and the University of Berlin. In 1831 he was appointed director of the Zoological Department at the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences, where he published in Russian...
& RatzeburgJulius Theodor Christian RatzeburgJulius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg was a German zoologist, botanist, entomologist, and forester.-Biography:...
, 1833- Huso dauricus (GeorgiJohann Gottlieb GeorgiJohann Gottlieb Georgi was a German geographer and chemist.Georgi was professor of chemistry at St Petersburg. He accompanied both Johann Peter Falck and Peter Simon Pallas on their respective journeys through Siberia. Gergi was particularly interested in Lake Baikal...
, 1775) (Kaluga sturgeon) - Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758) (Beluga sturgeon)
- Huso dauricus (Georgi
- Genus Acipenser
- Subfamily ScaphirhynchinaeScaphirhynchinaeScaphirhynchinae is a subfamily of sturgeon which includes two genera comprising a total of six species.*Genus Scaphirhynchus Heckel, 1835 **Scaphirhynchus albus...
- Genus ScaphirhynchusScaphirhynchusScaphirhynchus is a genus of threatened sturgeons native to the United States of America. It contains three species:*Scaphirhynchus albus...
HeckelJohann Jakob HeckelJohann Jakob Heckel was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim.Though not a formally trained zoologist he worked his way up through the ranks to eventually become the director of the Fish Collection at the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna...
, 1835- Scaphirhynchus albus (ForbesStephen Alfred ForbesStephen Alfred Forbes was the first Chief of the Illinois Natural History Survey, a founder of aquatic ecosystem science and a dominant figure in the rise of American ecology. His publications are striking for their merger of extensive field observations with conceptual insights...
& R. E. Richardson, 1905) (Pallid sturgeon) - Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (Rafinesque, 1820) (Shovelnose sturgeon)
- Scaphirhynchus suttkusi J. D. Williams & Clemmer, 1991 (Alabama sturgeon)
- Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes
- Genus PseudoscaphirhynchusPseudoscaphirhynchusPseudoscaphirhynchus is a genus of fish in the Acipenseridae family. The three species, all of which are threatened, are restricted to west-central Asia.-Species:*Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi...
NikolskiiAlexander Mikhailovich NikolskyAlexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky was a Russian zoologist born in Astrakhan.From 1877 to 1881 he studied at the University of St. Petersburg, earning his doctorate several years later in 1887. From 1881 to 1891 he took part in numerous expeditions to Siberia, the Caucasus, Persia, Japan, et al. In...
, 1900- Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi (KesslerKarl Fedorovich KesslerKarl Fedorovich Kessler was a German-Russian zoologist and author of zoological taxa signed Kessler, who was mostly active in Kiev, Ukraine and conducted most of his studies of birds in Ukrainian regions of the Russian Empire - Kiev Governorate, Volyn Governorate, Kherson Governorate, Poltava...
, 1872) (Syr Darya sturgeon) - Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni (KesslerKarl Fedorovich KesslerKarl Fedorovich Kessler was a German-Russian zoologist and author of zoological taxa signed Kessler, who was mostly active in Kiev, Ukraine and conducted most of his studies of birds in Ukrainian regions of the Russian Empire - Kiev Governorate, Volyn Governorate, Kherson Governorate, Poltava...
, 1877) (Dwarf sturgeon) - Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni (KesslerKarl Fedorovich KesslerKarl Fedorovich Kessler was a German-Russian zoologist and author of zoological taxa signed Kessler, who was mostly active in Kiev, Ukraine and conducted most of his studies of birds in Ukrainian regions of the Russian Empire - Kiev Governorate, Volyn Governorate, Kherson Governorate, Poltava...
, 1877) (Amu Darya sturgeon)
- Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi (Kessler
- Genus Scaphirhynchus
- Subfamily Acipenserinae
- Family Polyodontidae BonaparteCharles Lucien BonaparteCharles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano was a French naturalist and ornithologist.-Biography:...
, 1838 (Paddlefish)- Genus Polyodon Lacépède, 1797
- Polyodon spathula (WalbaumJohann Julius WalbaumJohann Julius Walbaum was a physician, naturalist and taxonomist. He was the first to describe many previously unknown species from remote parts of the globe, such as the Great Barracuda , the Chum salmon from the Kamchatka River in Siberia, and the curimatá-pacú Johann Julius Walbaum (30 June...
, 1792) (American paddlefish)
- Polyodon spathula (Walbaum
- Genus Psephurus Günther, 1873
- Psephurus gladius (E. von MartensEduard von MartensEduard von Martens sometimes known as Carl or Karl Eduard von Martens, was a German zoologist.Born in Stuttgart in 1831, von Martens attended universities in Tübingen, Stuttgart and Munich, graduating from the University of Tübingen in 1855. In 1860, he set off as part of an expedition to the Far...
, 1862) (Chinese paddlefish)
- Psephurus gladius (E. von Martens
- Genus Polyodon Lacépède, 1797