Acting President of the Republic of Poland
Encyclopedia
The constitution states that the President
President of the Republic of Poland
The President of the Republic of Poland is the Polish head of state. His or her rights and obligations are determined in the Constitution of Poland....
is the Head of state. If the President dies, resigns, is removed from office or unable to execute his/her powers and duties, a predetermined person will assume the powers and duties as Acting President.
In the incapacity scenario, the Acting President is just a temporary deputy. In the case of a vacancy, however, he becomes the head of state until the next election, albeit without the title of President, and retaining his previous office. In either case, all the powers of the President devolve to the Acting President, with the exception of the right to dissolve the Parliament.
The first person in line to become Acting President is the Marshal of the Sejm. Should he be unable to serve, the next is the Marshal
Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland
The Marshal of the Senate of the Republic of Poland is a presiding officer of the Senate of Poland. He or she is also third person according to the Polish order of precedence, after President of the Republic of Poland and Sejm Marshal, and second in line to became Acting President of the Republic...
of the Senate. This order of precedence has been in effect since the creation of the Office of President, with the exception of the period 1935-1939, when the order was reversed.
To date four people have served as Acting President: Maciej Rataj
Maciej Rataj
Maciej Rataj was a Polish politician, socialist activist and writer.Born in the village of Chłopy near Lwów on 19 February 1884, he attended a gymnasium in Lwów and studied classical linguistics at the University of Lwów...
who did so twice, Bronisław Komorowski,
Bogdan Borusewicz
Bogdan Borusewicz
Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served...
and Grzegorz Schetyna
Grzegorz Schetyna
Grzegorz Juliusz Schetyna is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm as a candidate of the Civic Platform on September 25, 2005 after receiving 14,978 votes in 1 Legnica district...
. Rataj, Komorowski and Schetyna were Marshals of the Sejm, and Borusewicz the Speaker of the Senate. Rataj's first term was between the assassination of President Gabriel Narutowicz
Gabriel Narutowicz
Gabriel Narutowicz was a Lithuanian-born professor of hydroelectric engineering at Switzerland's Zurich Polytechnic, and Poland's Minister of Public Works , Minister of Foreign Affairs , and the first president of the Second Polish Republic....
and the election of Stanisław Wojciechowski, December 16–22, 1922, the second between the resignation of President Wojciechowski and the election of Ignacy Mościcki
Ignacy Moscicki
Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:...
, May 15–June 4, 1926. Both times he appointed a new cabinet
Cabinet (government)
A Cabinet is a body of high ranking government officials, typically representing the executive branch. It can also sometimes be referred to as the Council of Ministers, an Executive Council, or an Executive Committee.- Overview :...
. Komorowski became Acting President on April 10, 2010, following the death of President Lech Kaczyński
Lech Kaczynski
Lech Aleksander Kaczyński was Polish lawyer and politician who served as the President of Poland from 2005 until 2010 and as Mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 22 December 2005. Before he became a president, he was also a member of the party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość...
in a plane crash
2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash
The 2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash occurred on 10 April 2010, when a Tupolev Tu-154M aircraft of the Polish Air Force crashed near the city of Smolensk, Russia, killing all 96 people on board...
..
On July 8, 2010 Poland had three different Acting Presidents. Komorowski (having won the new presidential elections) resigned as Speaker of the Sejm in the morning, and Borusewicz, who served as the speaker of the Senate took over as acting president for several hours, until Schetyna was confirmed as new Speaker of the Sejm and the new acting president.
During the period of communist rule
History of Poland (1945–1989)
The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Soviet Communist dominance imposed after the end of World War II over the People's Republic of Poland...
, two Sejm Marshals served very briefly as Presidents pro tempore
President pro tempore
A President pro tempore is a constitutionally recognized officer of a legislative body who presides over the chamber in the absence of the normal presiding officer...
of the State National Council
State National Council
Krajowa Rada Narodowa in Polish was a parliament-like political body formed in the late stages of the Second World War in the Soviet Union, as part of the formation of a new Communist Polish government...
:
- Franciszek TrąbalskiFranciszek TrabalskiFranciszek Trąbalski was a Polish socialist politician and a longtime member of Polish Socialist Party .-Biography:...
(February 4, 1947 - Sejm Marshal pro tempore due to seniority) - Władysław Kowalski (February 4–5, 1947 - elected Sejm Marshal)
Constitutional provisions on Acting Presidency
Article 131, Chapter 5:- 1. If the President of the Republic is temporarily unable to discharge the duties of his office, he shall communicate this fact to the Marshal of the Sejm, who shall temporarily assume the duties of the President of the Republic. If the President of the Republic is not in a position to inform the Marshal of the Sejm of his incapacity to discharge the duties of the office, then the Constitutional Tribunal shall, on request of the Marshal of the Sejm, determine whether or not there exists an impediment to the exercise of the office by the President of the Republic. If the Constitutional Tribunal so finds, it shall require the Marshal of the Sejm to temporarily perform the duties of the President of the Republic.
- 2. The Marshal of the Sejm shall, until the time of election of a new President of the Republic, temporarily discharge the duties of the President of the Republic in the following instances:
- - the death of the President of the Republic
- - the President's resignation from office;
- - judicial declaration of the invalidity of the election to the Presidency or other reasons for not assuming office following the election
- - a declaration by the National Assembly of the President's permanent incapacity to exercise his duties due to the state of his health; such declaration shall require a resolution adopted by a majority vote of at least two-thirds of the statutory number of members of the National Assembly
- - dismissal of the President of the Republic from office by a judgment of the Tribunal of State.
- 3. If the Marshal of the Sejm is unable to discharge the duties of the President of the Republic, such duties shall be discharged by the Marshal of the Senate.
- 4. A person discharging the duties of the President of the Republic shall not shorten the term of office of the Sejm
Second Republic
| Period | Head of state | First in line |
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| November 14, 1918 – December 11, 1922 |  Józef Piłsudski |
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| December 11, 1922 – December 16, 1922 |  Gabriel Narutowicz Gabriel Narutowicz Gabriel Narutowicz was a Lithuanian-born professor of hydroelectric engineering at Switzerland's Zurich Polytechnic, and Poland's Minister of Public Works , Minister of Foreign Affairs , and the first president of the Second Polish Republic.... |
Sejm Marshal Maciej Rataj Maciej Rataj Maciej Rataj was a Polish politician, socialist activist and writer.Born in the village of Chłopy near Lwów on 19 February 1884, he attended a gymnasium in Lwów and studied classical linguistics at the University of Lwów... |
| December 16, 1922 – December 22, 1922 | Maciej Rataj Maciej Rataj Maciej Rataj was a Polish politician, socialist activist and writer.Born in the village of Chłopy near Lwów on 19 February 1884, he attended a gymnasium in Lwów and studied classical linguistics at the University of Lwów... (Acting) |
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| December 22, 1922 – May 14, 1926 |  Stanisław Wojciechowski |
Sejm Marshal Maciej Rataj Maciej Rataj Maciej Rataj was a Polish politician, socialist activist and writer.Born in the village of Chłopy near Lwów on 19 February 1884, he attended a gymnasium in Lwów and studied classical linguistics at the University of Lwów... |
| May 15, 1926 – June 4, 1926 | Sejm Marshal Maciej Rataj Maciej Rataj Maciej Rataj was a Polish politician, socialist activist and writer.Born in the village of Chłopy near Lwów on 19 February 1884, he attended a gymnasium in Lwów and studied classical linguistics at the University of Lwów... (Acting) |
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| June 4, 1926 – March 26, 1928 |  Ignacy Mościcki Ignacy Moscicki Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:... |
Sejm Marshal Maciej Rataj Maciej Rataj Maciej Rataj was a Polish politician, socialist activist and writer.Born in the village of Chłopy near Lwów on 19 February 1884, he attended a gymnasium in Lwów and studied classical linguistics at the University of Lwów... |
| March 26, 1928 – December 8, 1930 | Ignacy Mościcki Ignacy Moscicki Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:... |
Sejm Marshal Ignacy Daszyński Ignacy Daszynski Ignacy Ewaryst Daszyński was a Polish politician, journalist and Prime Minister of the Polish government created in Lublin in 1918.... |
| December 9, 1930 – April 24, 1935 | Ignacy Mościcki Ignacy Moscicki Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:... |
 Sejm Marshal Kazimierz Świtalski Kazimierz Switalski Col. Kazimierz Stanisław Świtalski was a Polish officer, politician, and a Prime Minister of Poland.-Biographical note:Before the World War I he joined the Związek Walki Czynnej, an underground organisation formed by Józef Piłsudski. In 1914 Świtalski joined the Polish Legions and in 1918 the... |
| April 24, 1935 – October 3, 1935 | Ignacy Mościcki Ignacy Moscicki Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:... |
Senate Marshal Władysław Raczkiewicz |
| October 4, 1935 – November 28, 1938 | Ignacy Mościcki Ignacy Moscicki Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:... |
 Senate Marshal Aleksander Prystor Aleksander Prystor Aleksander Błażej Prystor was a Polish politician, soldier and activist who served as Prime Minister of Poland from 1931 to 1933.He was a member of the Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party and in 1908 took part in the Bezdany raid.... |
| November 28, 1938 – September 1, 1939 | Ignacy Mościcki Ignacy Moscicki Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:... |
Senate Marshal Bogusław Miedziński |
Government in exile
| Period | Head of state | Designated successor |
|---|---|---|
| September 1, 1939 – September 17, 1939 | Ignacy Mościcki Ignacy Moscicki Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:... |
 Edward Śmigły-Rydz |
| September 17, 1939 | Ignacy Mościcki Ignacy Moscicki Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:... |
Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski |
| September 17, 1939 – September 30, 1939 | Ignacy Mościcki Ignacy Moscicki Ignacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:... |
Władysław Raczkiewicz |
| September 30, 1939 – October 16, 1939 | Władysław Raczkiewicz |
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| October 16, 1939 – August 7, 1944 | Władysław Raczkiewicz |
 Kazimierz Sosnkowski Kazimierz Sosnkowski Kazimierz Sosnkowski was a Polish independence fighter, politician and Polish Army general.-Life:Sosnkowski served successively as founder and first commander of Związek Walki Czynnej , chief of staff of the 1st Brigade of the Polish Legions, Polish minister of military affairs, vice-president of... |
| August 7, 1944 – April 26, 1947 | Władysław Raczkiewicz |
 Tomasz Arciszewski Tomasz Arciszewski Tomasz Arciszewski was a Polish socialist politician, a member of the Polish Socialist Party and the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile in London from 1944 to 1947, presiding over the period when the government lost the recognition of the Western powers.-Early life:Tomasz Arciszewski... |
| April 26, 1947 – June 6, 1947 | Władysław Raczkiewicz |
August Zaleski August Zaleski August Zaleski was a Polish economist, politician, and diplomat. Twice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, he served as the President of Poland within the Polish Government in Exile.- Biography :... |
| June 9, 1947 – August 10, 1950 | August Zaleski August Zaleski August Zaleski was a Polish economist, politician, and diplomat. Twice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, he served as the President of Poland within the Polish Government in Exile.- Biography :... |
Tadeusz Tomaszewski Tadeusz Tomaszewski is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 12213 votes in 37 Konin district, candidating from Democratic Left Alliance list.He was also a member of Sejm 1993-1997, Sejm 1997-2001, and Sejm 2001-2005.... |
| August 10, 1950 – September 3, 1954 | August Zaleski August Zaleski August Zaleski was a Polish economist, politician, and diplomat. Twice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, he served as the President of Poland within the Polish Government in Exile.- Biography :... |
 Władysław Anders |
| September 3, 1954 – August 21, 1959 | August Zaleski August Zaleski August Zaleski was a Polish economist, politician, and diplomat. Twice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, he served as the President of Poland within the Polish Government in Exile.- Biography :... |
Eustachy Sapieha Eustachy Kajetan Sapieha was a Polish nobleman, prince of the Sapieha family, politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, and deputy to the Polish parliament .... |
| August 21, 1959 – February 24, 1971 | August Zaleski August Zaleski August Zaleski was a Polish economist, politician, and diplomat. Twice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, he served as the President of Poland within the Polish Government in Exile.- Biography :... |
Aleksander Zawisza Aleksander Zawisza was the Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exilefrom June 25, 1965 to July 16, 1970.Previously the Minister of Foreign Affairs, in 1959 he played a part in moving the wartime archives of the Ministry of Information and Documentation from the UK to the Hoover Institution... |
| February 24, 1971 – April 7, 1972 | August Zaleski August Zaleski August Zaleski was a Polish economist, politician, and diplomat. Twice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland, he served as the President of Poland within the Polish Government in Exile.- Biography :... |
Stanisław Ostrowski |
| April 7, 1972 – December 18, 1972 | Stanisław Ostrowski |
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| December 18, 1972 – April 8, 1979 | Stanisław Ostrowski |
 Edward Raczyński |
| April 8, 1979 – February 5, 1980 | Edward Raczyński |
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| February 5, 1980 – April 8, 1986 | Edward Raczyński |
 Kazimierz Sabbat Kazimierz Sabbat Kazimierz Aleksander Sabbat , was President of Poland in Exile from 8 April 1986 until his death, 19 July 1989, after serving as Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile.-Early life:... |
| April 8, 1986 – January 25, 1988 | Kazimierz Sabbat Kazimierz Sabbat Kazimierz Aleksander Sabbat , was President of Poland in Exile from 8 April 1986 until his death, 19 July 1989, after serving as Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile.-Early life:... |
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| January 25, 1988 – July 19, 1989 | Kazimierz Sabbat Kazimierz Sabbat Kazimierz Aleksander Sabbat , was President of Poland in Exile from 8 April 1986 until his death, 19 July 1989, after serving as Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile.-Early life:... |
Ryszard Kaczorowski Ryszard Kaczorowski Ryszard Kaczorowski was a Polish statesman. Between 1989 and 1990 he served as the last President of Poland in exile. He succeeded Kazimierz Sabbat and resigned his post following Poland's regaining independence from the Soviet sphere of influence and election of Lech Wałęsa as the first ... |
| July 19, 1989 – December 22, 1990 | Ryszard Kaczorowski Ryszard Kaczorowski Ryszard Kaczorowski was a Polish statesman. Between 1989 and 1990 he served as the last President of Poland in exile. He succeeded Kazimierz Sabbat and resigned his post following Poland's regaining independence from the Soviet sphere of influence and election of Lech Wałęsa as the first ... |
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Communist Poland (1944-1952)
| Period | Head of state | First in line |
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| November 20, 1944 – February 4, 1947 | Bolesław Bierut |
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| February 5, 1947 – November 20, 1952 | Bolesław Bierut |
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| November 20, 1952 | Bolesław Bierut |
Jan Bohdan Dembowski Jan Bohdan Dembowski was a Polish biologist, professor, first president of the Polish Academy of Sciences , marshal of the Sejm , Deputy Chairman of the Polish Council of State .He was awarded the Order of the Builders of Polish People's Republic and also received the Commander's... |
People's Republic of Poland
| Period | Head of state | First in line |
|---|---|---|
| July 19, 1989 – December 30, 1989 |  Wojciech Jaruzelski Wojciech Jaruzelski Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski is a retired Polish military officer and Communist politician. He was the last Communist leader of Poland from 1981 to 1989, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985 and the country's head of state from 1985 to 1990. He was also the last commander-in-chief of the Polish People's... |
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Third Republic
| Period | Head of state | First in line | Second in line |
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| December 31, 1989 – December 22, 1990 | Wojciech Jaruzelski Wojciech Jaruzelski Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski is a retired Polish military officer and Communist politician. He was the last Communist leader of Poland from 1981 to 1989, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985 and the country's head of state from 1985 to 1990. He was also the last commander-in-chief of the Polish People's... |
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| December 22, 1990 – November 24, 1991 |  Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician... |
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| November 25, 1991 – December 7, 1992 | Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician... |
Sejm Marshal Wiesław Chrzanowski |
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| December 8, 1992 – October 14, 1993 | Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician... |
Sejm Marshal Wiesław Chrzanowski |
Senate Marshal August Chełkowski |
| October 14, 1993 – October 15, 1993 | Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician... |
Sejm Marshal Józef Oleksy Józef Oleksy Józef Oleksy is a post-communist Polish politician, former chairman of Democratic Left Alliance .... |
Senate Marshal August Chełkowski |
| October 15, 1993 – October 26, 1993 | Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician... |
Sejm Marshal Józef Oleksy Józef Oleksy Józef Oleksy is a post-communist Polish politician, former chairman of Democratic Left Alliance .... |
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| October 26, 1993 – March 3, 1995 | Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician... |
Sejm Marshal Józef Oleksy Józef Oleksy Józef Oleksy is a post-communist Polish politician, former chairman of Democratic Left Alliance .... |
Senate Marshal Adam Struzik |
| March 3, 1995 – December 22, 1995 | Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer, and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity , the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland between 1990 and 95.Wałęsa was an electrician... |
Sejm Marshal Józef Zych Józef Zych Józef Zych is a Polish politician of the Polish People's Party. He was Sejm Marshal from 1995 to 1997 .... |
Senate Marshal Adam Struzik |
| December 23, 1995 – October 19, 1997 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski Aleksander Kwasniewski Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s... |
Sejm Marshal Józef Zych Józef Zych Józef Zych is a Polish politician of the Polish People's Party. He was Sejm Marshal from 1995 to 1997 .... |
Senate Marshal Adam Struzik |
| October 20, 1997 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski Aleksander Kwasniewski Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s... |
Sejm Marshal Maciej Płażyński |
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| October 21, 1997 – October 18, 2001 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski Aleksander Kwasniewski Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s... |
Sejm Marshal Maciej Płażyński |
Senate Marshal Alicja Grześkowiak |
| October 19, 2001 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski Aleksander Kwasniewski Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s... |
Sejm MarshalMarek Borowski Marek Borowski Marek Stefan Borowski is a Polish left-wing politician. He led the Democratic Left Alliance for a time and was Speaker of the Sejm from 2001 to 2004.... |
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| October 20, 2001 – April 20, 2004 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski Aleksander Kwasniewski Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s... |
Sejm Marshal Marek Borowski Marek Borowski Marek Stefan Borowski is a Polish left-wing politician. He led the Democratic Left Alliance for a time and was Speaker of the Sejm from 2001 to 2004.... |
Senate Marshal Longin Pastusiak Longin Pastusiak Longin Hieronim Pastusiak is a Polish politician and historian.-Academic career:In 1959 Pastusiak earned his Master of Arts degree form Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, University of Virginia in Charlottesville... |
| April 21, 2004 – January 5, 2005 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski Aleksander Kwasniewski Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s... |
Sejm Marshal Józef Oleksy Józef Oleksy Józef Oleksy is a post-communist Polish politician, former chairman of Democratic Left Alliance .... |
Senate Marshal Longin Pastusiak Longin Pastusiak Longin Hieronim Pastusiak is a Polish politician and historian.-Academic career:In 1959 Pastusiak earned his Master of Arts degree form Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, University of Virginia in Charlottesville... |
| January 5, 2005 – October 18, 2005 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski Aleksander Kwasniewski Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s... |
Sejm Marshal Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz |
Senate Marshal Longin Pastusiak Longin Pastusiak Longin Hieronim Pastusiak is a Polish politician and historian.-Academic career:In 1959 Pastusiak earned his Master of Arts degree form Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, University of Virginia in Charlottesville... |
| October 19, 2005 – October 20, 2005 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski Aleksander Kwasniewski Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s... |
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| October 20, 2005 – October 26, 2005 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski Aleksander Kwasniewski Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s... |
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 Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served... |
| October 26, 2005 – December 23, 2005 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski Aleksander Kwasniewski Aleksander Kwaśniewski is a Polish politician who served as the President of Poland from 1995 to 2005. He was born in Białogard, and during communist rule he was active in the Socialist Union of Polish Students and was the Minister for Sport in the communist government in the 1980s... |
 Sejm Marshal Marek Jurek Marek Jurek Marek Jurek is a Polish right-wing politician, who does not have a parliamentary seat. Since 20 April 2007 he has been the leader of the aspirant party Right of the Republic, which does not have any MPs.... |
Senate MarshalBogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served... |
| December 23, 2005 – April 27, 2007 | Lech Kaczyński Lech Kaczynski Lech Aleksander Kaczyński was Polish lawyer and politician who served as the President of Poland from 2005 until 2010 and as Mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 22 December 2005. Before he became a president, he was also a member of the party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość... |
Sejm Marshal Marek Jurek Marek Jurek Marek Jurek is a Polish right-wing politician, who does not have a parliamentary seat. Since 20 April 2007 he has been the leader of the aspirant party Right of the Republic, which does not have any MPs.... |
Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served... |
| April 27, 2007 – November 4, 2007 | Lech Kaczyński Lech Kaczynski Lech Aleksander Kaczyński was Polish lawyer and politician who served as the President of Poland from 2005 until 2010 and as Mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 22 December 2005. Before he became a president, he was also a member of the party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość... |
Sejm Marshal Ludwik Dorn Ludwik Dorn Ludwik Dorn is a Polish conservative politician, former Deputy Prime Minister and member of Sejm elected on November 5, 2007.From October 31, 2005 to February 7, 2007 he was Minister of Interior and Administration, resigned after conflict with the Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński... |
Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served... |
| November 5, 2007 | Lech Kaczyński Lech Kaczynski Lech Aleksander Kaczyński was Polish lawyer and politician who served as the President of Poland from 2005 until 2010 and as Mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 22 December 2005. Before he became a president, he was also a member of the party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość... |
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| November 5, 2007 – April 10, 2010 | Lech Kaczyński Lech Kaczynski Lech Aleksander Kaczyński was Polish lawyer and politician who served as the President of Poland from 2005 until 2010 and as Mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 22 December 2005. Before he became a president, he was also a member of the party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość... |
Sejm Marshal Bronisław Komorowski |
Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served... |
| April 10, 2010 - July 8, 2010 | Sejm Marshal Bronisław Komorowski (Acting) |
Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served... |
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| July 8, 2010 | Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served... (Acting) |
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| July 8, 2010 - August 6, 2010 | Sejm Marshal Grzegorz Schetyna Grzegorz Schetyna Grzegorz Juliusz Schetyna is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm as a candidate of the Civic Platform on September 25, 2005 after receiving 14,978 votes in 1 Legnica district... (Acting) |
Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served... |
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| August 6, 2010 - November 8, 2011 | Bronisław Komorowski |
Sejm Marshal Grzegorz Schetyna Grzegorz Schetyna Grzegorz Juliusz Schetyna is a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm as a candidate of the Civic Platform on September 25, 2005 after receiving 14,978 votes in 1 Legnica district... |
Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served... |
| since November 8, 2011 | Bronisław Komorowski |
Sejm Marshal Ewa Kopacz Ewa Kopacz Ewa Kopacz is the only female and incumbant head of the lower house of parliament in the history of Poland. The Marshal of the Sejm is de facto also the head of the whole of parliament and substitutes the President in case of that office's vacancy... |
Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Borusewicz Bogdan Michał Borusewicz, is the Speaker in the Polish Senate since 20 October 2005. Borusewicz was a democratic opposition activist under the Communist regime, a member of the Polish parliament for three terms and first Senate Speaker to serve two terms in this office.Borusewicz briefly served... |
See also
- List of Polish heads of state (1918-present)
- Acting presidentActing presidentAn Acting President is a person who temporarily fills the role of an organization's or country's president, either when the real president is unavailable or when the post is vacant .-See also:*Acting *Acting President of Pakistan*Acting President of Malta*Acting President of...
- Acting President of the United StatesActing President of the United StatesActing President of the United States is a reference to a person who is legitimately exercising the Presidential powers even though that person does not hold the office of the President of the United States in his own right....
- Acting President of Malta