Adam Remigiusz Grocholski
Encyclopedia
Adam Remigiusz Grocholski alias
"Brochwicz", "Doktor", "Inżynier", "Miś", "Waligóra", assumed name Żukowski (3 September 1888 - 17 March 1965) was a podpolkovnik
, of the Polish Army. Grocholski retired from active service in 1934.
district, to Tadeusz Grocholski, a landowner, and Zofia Grocholska née Zamoyska. Grocholski completed grammar school in Odessa
. He attendedand the Saint Petersburg State University
as a student in the Law and History Faculty. After his studies, he underwent treatment for tuberculosis
in Zakopane
and Davos
.
– Tbilisi
, from December of the same year – as section leader of the II staff of the III Korpus Polski na Wschodzie.
for a short period of time in January 1919 as an (accidental) participant of the coup d'état against general Marian Januszajtis-Żegota
. In March 1919, Grocholski became the officer of the regular service in the Polish Army, a service in which at the beginning, he was a commander of the heavy machinegun squadron of the 12 Pułk Ułanów. After completing the first course in Higher War School (July–October 1919), he remained in the institution where he worked as a translator. In December of that same year chief of adjutancy of the 15 Infantry Brigade. From July 1920 he was chief of the section III staff of the 6 Armia and a participant in the 1920 war. Then, in September 1920, he was made chief of the section II staff of general Władysław Jędrzejewski's Unit.
On 11 October 1925 he married to one Ms. Barbara Czetwertyńska née Światopełk with whom he had 10 children: Tadeusz Mikołaj (born 1926), Barbara (born 1927), Remigian (born 1928), Michał (born 1929), Anna (born 1931), Ignacy (born 1933), Franciszek (born 1934), Włodzimierz (born 1936), Piotr (born 1938) and Elżbieta (born 1940).
Member – founder of Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej and the Polish Aero Club
. Author of articles in expert military press.
. A party which ran from 28 September until the end of the military actions. During the German occupation, he was the leader of the conspiratorial organisation "Brochwicz" in the area of Lubelszczyzna. He was using the alias Brochwicz, Miś at the time. After the organisation’s subordination to the Union of Armed Struggle, he was initially unassigned in April–May 1940.
A member of the editor's office of the Biuletyn Żołnierski, a magazine first published in August 1940 by Secret Polish Army, later Konfederacja Zbrojna. In spring of 1941 Grocholski submitted to the Headquarters of the Union of Armed Struggle the project of creating subversive organisation that would – in the face of anticipated conflict between the Third Reich and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – act at the rear of the German-Soviet front. From September 1941 chief of staff and deputy of podpolkovnik Jan Włodarkiewicz, the commander of "Wachlarz", in the rank of major using the alias Doktor, Inżynier, Waligóra. He was appointed podpolkovnik by the order number L21/BP as at 11 November 1942. After Włodarkiewicz's death, he served as the commandant of "Wachlarz" from April–May 1942 to March 1943. At that time, he resided at 103 Puławska Street, under the surname Żukowski. During the Warsaw Uprising
from 1 September 1944 he was the commandant of Sub-district V of Mokotów of Warsaw Armia Krajowa (Mokotów Dolny) using the alias Waligóra (all forces from this region formed the "Waligóra" regiment). Severely wounded on 25 September, two days later was led out from the battlefield by the connections, together with civilians leaving Mokotów.
after the war and then in Warsaw from 1954. He died on 17 March 1965 in Cannes
. He is buried at the military cemetery in Laski near Warsaw.
Pseudonym
A pseudonym is a name that a person assumes for a particular purpose and that differs from his or her original orthonym...
"Brochwicz", "Doktor", "Inżynier", "Miś", "Waligóra", assumed name Żukowski (3 September 1888 - 17 March 1965) was a podpolkovnik
Podpolkovnik
Podpolkovnik is a military rank in Slavic countries which corresponds to a lieutenant colonel in English-speaking states. Usually this word is translated as lieutenant colonel, however the transliteration is also in common usage, for the sake of the historical context.The exact name of this rank...
, of the Polish Army. Grocholski retired from active service in 1934.
Early years
Born on 3 September 1888 in Strzyżawka, the Ukrainian WinnicaWinnica
Winnica may refer to the following places: see Winnica Zbrodzice*Winnica, Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Winnica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship...
district, to Tadeusz Grocholski, a landowner, and Zofia Grocholska née Zamoyska. Grocholski completed grammar school in Odessa
Odessa
Odessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,...
. He attendedand the Saint Petersburg State University
Saint Petersburg State University
Saint Petersburg State University is a Russian federal state-owned higher education institution based in Saint Petersburg and one of the oldest and largest universities in Russia....
as a student in the Law and History Faculty. After his studies, he underwent treatment for tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
in Zakopane
Zakopane
Zakopane , is a town in southern Poland. It lies in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998 it was in of Nowy Sącz Province, but since 1999 it has been in Lesser Poland Province. It had a population of about 28,000 as of 2004. Zakopane is a...
and Davos
Davos
Davos is a municipality in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. It has a permanent population of 11,248 . Davos is located on the Landwasser River, in the Swiss Alps, between the Plessur and Albula Range...
.
World War I
In July 1915 he was made officer of special missions for the governor of Caucasus as a plenipotentiary of the Red Cross. Then in March 1917 he organised and led the Związek Wojskowych Polaków w Rosji convention in BatumiBatumi
Batumi is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast and capital of Adjara, an autonomous republic in southwest Georgia. Sometimes considered Georgia's second capital, with a population of 121,806 , Batumi serves as an important port and a commercial center. It is situated in a subtropical zone, rich in...
– Tbilisi
Tbilisi
Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...
, from December of the same year – as section leader of the II staff of the III Korpus Polski na Wschodzie.
Polish-Bolshevik war
Adam Remigiusz Grocholski was arrested in WarsawWarsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
for a short period of time in January 1919 as an (accidental) participant of the coup d'état against general Marian Januszajtis-Żegota
Marian Januszajtis-Zegota
Marian Józef Januszajtis-Żegota was a Polish military commander and politician...
. In March 1919, Grocholski became the officer of the regular service in the Polish Army, a service in which at the beginning, he was a commander of the heavy machinegun squadron of the 12 Pułk Ułanów. After completing the first course in Higher War School (July–October 1919), he remained in the institution where he worked as a translator. In December of that same year chief of adjutancy of the 15 Infantry Brigade. From July 1920 he was chief of the section III staff of the 6 Armia and a participant in the 1920 war. Then, in September 1920, he was made chief of the section II staff of general Władysław Jędrzejewski's Unit.
Interbellum
He became the chief of the III (operational) section in Dowództwo Obrony Plebiscytu (Headquarters of the Uprising Forces) during the II Silesian Uprising; among other things, he was the author of the project of the number 1 operational order to commence the social uprise. He was using the alias Brochwicz at the time. From November 1921, he served as the inspector of the eastern border in the Wołyń voivodeship and in 1923 worked for a short period of time in the Wojskowy Instytut Naukowo-Wydawniczy. Then he worked as a translator in Higher War School. After completing the supplementary course at Centralna Szkoła Jazdy in Grudziądz (1923–1924) and the IV supplementary course in Higher War School (1924–1925) he was appointed to the rank of officer of the section of the III Office of Ścisła Rada Wojenna, from August 1926 adjutant of the Józef Piłsudski's Minister Spraw Wojskowych. It was in 1932 that he was made chief of the squadron, then deputy chief of the 1. Pułk Strzelców Konnych. On 31 August 1934 Grocholski retired from active service. During his retirement, his times and energies were now devoted to writing and painting.On 11 October 1925 he married to one Ms. Barbara Czetwertyńska née Światopełk with whom he had 10 children: Tadeusz Mikołaj (born 1926), Barbara (born 1927), Remigian (born 1928), Michał (born 1929), Anna (born 1931), Ignacy (born 1933), Franciszek (born 1934), Włodzimierz (born 1936), Piotr (born 1938) and Elżbieta (born 1940).
Member – founder of Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej and the Polish Aero Club
Polish Aero Club
Aeroklub Polski is the Polish central association of persons practising air sports or recreational flying. It was founded in 1921 and is a member of the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. It has a headquarters in Warsaw....
. Author of articles in expert military press.
World War II
During the September Campaign he organised the "Brochwicz" conspiratorial party which was responsible for the reconnaissance actions for the benefit of Independent Operational Group (SGO) Polesie of general Franciszek KleebergFranciszek Kleeberg
Franciszek Kleeberg was a Polish general. He served in the Austro-Hungarian Army before joining the Polish Legions in World War I and later the Polish Army. During the German Invasion of Poland he commanded Independent Operational Group Polesie...
. A party which ran from 28 September until the end of the military actions. During the German occupation, he was the leader of the conspiratorial organisation "Brochwicz" in the area of Lubelszczyzna. He was using the alias Brochwicz, Miś at the time. After the organisation’s subordination to the Union of Armed Struggle, he was initially unassigned in April–May 1940.
A member of the editor's office of the Biuletyn Żołnierski, a magazine first published in August 1940 by Secret Polish Army, later Konfederacja Zbrojna. In spring of 1941 Grocholski submitted to the Headquarters of the Union of Armed Struggle the project of creating subversive organisation that would – in the face of anticipated conflict between the Third Reich and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – act at the rear of the German-Soviet front. From September 1941 chief of staff and deputy of podpolkovnik Jan Włodarkiewicz, the commander of "Wachlarz", in the rank of major using the alias Doktor, Inżynier, Waligóra. He was appointed podpolkovnik by the order number L21/BP as at 11 November 1942. After Włodarkiewicz's death, he served as the commandant of "Wachlarz" from April–May 1942 to March 1943. At that time, he resided at 103 Puławska Street, under the surname Żukowski. During the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army , to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces...
from 1 September 1944 he was the commandant of Sub-district V of Mokotów of Warsaw Armia Krajowa (Mokotów Dolny) using the alias Waligóra (all forces from this region formed the "Waligóra" regiment). Severely wounded on 25 September, two days later was led out from the battlefield by the connections, together with civilians leaving Mokotów.
People's Republic of Poland
He lived in Szklarska PorębaSzklarska Poreba
Szklarska Poręba is a town in Jelenia Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. The town has a population of around 7,000...
after the war and then in Warsaw from 1954. He died on 17 March 1965 in Cannes
Cannes
Cannes is one of the best-known cities of the French Riviera, a busy tourist destination and host of the annual Cannes Film Festival. It is a Commune of France in the Alpes-Maritimes department....
. He is buried at the military cemetery in Laski near Warsaw.
Orders and Decorations
- Golden Cross of Virtuti Militari
- Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari
- with Cross of Independence with swords (1934)
- with Cross of Valour (decorated five times)