Adnan Adivar
Encyclopedia
Abdülhak Adnan Adıvar (Dr. Adnan Adıvar) was a Turkish
politician, writer, historian, and by profession a medical doctor. He has done original research and written on history of science. He was also an early supporter of the nascent feminist movement.
He was one of the intellectuals within Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
's circle, active in the Turkish War of Independence
with his wife, the author Halide Edip Adıvar
. He escaped arrest in Istanbul by occupying British who were making a sweep of all Ottoman
intellectuals and deporting to Malta
at the end of World War I
, by joining the Kemalist forces in Anatolia
. Later he parted ways with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
, disagreeing with the new direction young Republic was taken. He opposed the immense powers given to Atatürk by the parliament, fearing he was going to be a dictator. He joined the short-lived opposition party "Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası" (Progressive Republican Party
), and his name was later associated with an attempt on Atatürk's life in 1926 while he was abroad. Even though he was cleared, he stayed in exile until 1939.
Graduated from the Medical Faculty in 1905, Adıvar left for Berlin
to be specialized in internal medicine. Following the proclamation of the 2nd Constitution at 1908, he came back to Istanbul
. As he was close to the Young Turks
(Jeunes Turcs), he was appointed as the director of the Medical Faculty at the age of 30. He served in the Red Crescent during the Italo-Turkish War
against Italians in Tripoli, participated to the Balkan Wars
and the World War I
. In 1917 he married the novelist Halide Edip and both joined the team of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
in 1918 when foreign armies occupied Istanbul
. In Ankara, Adnan Adıvar was named Ministry of Health, Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Vice president of the National Assembly between 1920 and 1923. Following the proclamation of the Republic, he founded in 1924 the opposition party with a small number of deputies. He became the secretary general and did not hesitate to criticize the government. The party was abolished in 1925 on the argument that it backed a rebellion against the government. Disappointed, Adıvar left for Vienna to accompany his wife who should undergo medical treatment. Allegation of his involvement in an attempt at Atatürk's life made him extend his stay abroad where he seems to have developed an interest in philosophy and history of science.
He directed publication of the Turkish edition of the Encyclopedia of Islam, contributing its introduction and a number of articles. His other significant publication is La Science Chez les Turks Ottomans (Paris, 1939), which can be regarded as a first attempt to present together the activities and accomplishments of Turkish scholars during the Ottoman
period, 14th to 19th centuries. His other works include a Turkish translation of Bertrand Russell
's Philosophical Matters (1936), a two-volume work in Turkish on science and religion through history, and many essays and articles on cultural and scientific topics.
He held various government and parliamentary positions in the early years of the Turkish Republic
. He was a deputy in the first Turkish Parliament
in 1920 and again elected there for the 1946-1950 session.
Adnan Adıvar died on July 1, 1955 in Istanbul and was laid to rest at the Merkezefendi Cemetery
.
Turkish people
Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...
politician, writer, historian, and by profession a medical doctor. He has done original research and written on history of science. He was also an early supporter of the nascent feminist movement.
He was one of the intellectuals within Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....
's circle, active in the Turkish War of Independence
Turkish War of Independence
The Turkish War of Independence was a war of independence waged by Turkish nationalists against the Allies, after the country was partitioned by the Allies following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I...
with his wife, the author Halide Edip Adıvar
Halide Edip Adivar
Halide Edip Adıvar or Halide Edib Adivar was a Turkish novelist and feminist political leader...
. He escaped arrest in Istanbul by occupying British who were making a sweep of all Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
intellectuals and deporting to Malta
Malta
Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...
at the end of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, by joining the Kemalist forces in Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...
. Later he parted ways with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....
, disagreeing with the new direction young Republic was taken. He opposed the immense powers given to Atatürk by the parliament, fearing he was going to be a dictator. He joined the short-lived opposition party "Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet Fırkası" (Progressive Republican Party
Progressive Republican Party
The Progressive Republican Party was the second political party after Republican People's Party in Turkey. It was established by Ali Fuat Cebesoy, Kâzım Karabekir, Refet Bele, Rauf Orbay and Adnan Adıvar on 17 October 1924...
), and his name was later associated with an attempt on Atatürk's life in 1926 while he was abroad. Even though he was cleared, he stayed in exile until 1939.
Graduated from the Medical Faculty in 1905, Adıvar left for Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
to be specialized in internal medicine. Following the proclamation of the 2nd Constitution at 1908, he came back to Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
. As he was close to the Young Turks
Young Turks
The Young Turks , from French: Les Jeunes Turcs) were a coalition of various groups favouring reformation of the administration of the Ottoman Empire. The movement was against the absolute monarchy of the Ottoman Sultan and favoured a re-installation of the short-lived Kanûn-ı Esâsî constitution...
(Jeunes Turcs), he was appointed as the director of the Medical Faculty at the age of 30. He served in the Red Crescent during the Italo-Turkish War
Italo-Turkish War
The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Italy from September 29, 1911 to October 18, 1912.As a result of this conflict, Italy was awarded the Ottoman provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and...
against Italians in Tripoli, participated to the Balkan Wars
Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913.By the early 20th century, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia, the countries of the Balkan League, had achieved their independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large parts of their ethnic...
and the World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. In 1917 he married the novelist Halide Edip and both joined the team of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....
in 1918 when foreign armies occupied Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
. In Ankara, Adnan Adıvar was named Ministry of Health, Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Vice president of the National Assembly between 1920 and 1923. Following the proclamation of the Republic, he founded in 1924 the opposition party with a small number of deputies. He became the secretary general and did not hesitate to criticize the government. The party was abolished in 1925 on the argument that it backed a rebellion against the government. Disappointed, Adıvar left for Vienna to accompany his wife who should undergo medical treatment. Allegation of his involvement in an attempt at Atatürk's life made him extend his stay abroad where he seems to have developed an interest in philosophy and history of science.
He directed publication of the Turkish edition of the Encyclopedia of Islam, contributing its introduction and a number of articles. His other significant publication is La Science Chez les Turks Ottomans (Paris, 1939), which can be regarded as a first attempt to present together the activities and accomplishments of Turkish scholars during the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
period, 14th to 19th centuries. His other works include a Turkish translation of Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Russell
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, and social critic. At various points in his life he considered himself a liberal, a socialist, and a pacifist, but he also admitted that he had never been any of these things...
's Philosophical Matters (1936), a two-volume work in Turkish on science and religion through history, and many essays and articles on cultural and scientific topics.
He held various government and parliamentary positions in the early years of the Turkish Republic
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. He was a deputy in the first Turkish Parliament
Grand National Assembly of Turkey
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey , usually referred to simply as the Meclis , is the unicameral Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Turkish Constitution. It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 in the midst of the Turkish War of Independence...
in 1920 and again elected there for the 1946-1950 session.
Adnan Adıvar died on July 1, 1955 in Istanbul and was laid to rest at the Merkezefendi Cemetery
Merkezefendi Cemetery
The Merkezefendi Cemetery is a burial ground situated in Merkezefendi neighborhood of Zeytinburnu district on the European part of Istanbul, Turkey.Many renowned intellectuals, writers and artists rest in this old cemetery covering an area of ....
.