Adolph Theodor Kupffer
Encyclopedia
Adolph Theodor Kupffer ForMemRS (17 January 1799 Jelgava
- 4 June 1865) was a Russian Latvian chemist, and physicist. He founded the Depot of Standard Weights and Measures, and the main physical Observatory in Russia.
He graduated from the University of Dorpat, in 1816.
He studied mineralogy with the Christian Samuel Weiss
in Berlin.
After the Berlin University, he studied in Paris and Göttingen, where he received his PhD. Arriving in St. Petersburg, Kupfer was called to the chair of chemistry and physics at Kazan, and was sent by the Ministry of Education abroad for the purchase of physical instruments, where he went to Professor Ivan Simonov. In 1824, he arrived in Kazan and took his chair. Simultaneously, he worked on terrestrial magnetism, and magnetic charge of the geological expeditions in the vicinity of Mount Elbrus
.
Since 1828, he was a member of the Academy of Sciences of Mineralogy, and from 1840 in physics.
In 1828, he traveled to the South and Middle Urals.
He visited Zlatoust
, Miass
, and Chelyabinsk
. After seeing the Ural Mountains in the vicinity of Zlatoust
, he identified three mountain ranges: Urenga, Taganay
, and Yurmu. In 1833, he published a book in French, compiled from the diaries he kept during the Urals travel, Journey to the Urals, undertaken in 1828. In 1834, a copy of this book was presented to Emperor Nicholas I.
In 1829, Kupfer traveled to the Caucasus, and was later appointed director of the Mineralogical Museum, and founded the St. Petersburgs Observatory, which focused on meteorological observations throughout the empire.
Kupfer offered a plan to introduce a unified system of measures throughout Russia; he was Chief Executive of the Commission on Weights and Measures from 1832 to 1842. He led the development of Russian system of measures, and creation of the first standard units of mass and length, the platinum pounds and yards, as well as exemplary volume measures - buckets and the quadrangle. The results of his works were legitimized imperial decree in 1835, and they are described in the Travaux do la Commision pour fixer les mesures et les poids etc. (St. Petersburg, 1841).
In 1843 he was elected ordinary academician.
In 1859, he represented Russia at the Congress of the International Association for the introduction of a uniform system of measures, weights and coins in Bradford.
Beginning in 1857, Russia and France began to exchange meteorological data. Kupfer went to the negotiations abroad, and in winter 1865, he arranged a telegraphic communication between all European countries. In fact, combining the weather service, Kupfer did not have time to enjoy the fruits of their labor. In March the cold setting on the roof of the observatory brought from Paris anemograph (anemograph), he caught cold and died of pneumonia on 4 June 1865. He was buried in Smolensky Lutheran Cemetery St. Petersburg.
Also, Kupfer lectured in physics at the Pedagogical Institute of Mining. In addition to articles in Poggendorff's Annalen, Bulletins de l'Académie
In addition, Kupfer published: Annales de l'observatoire physique central de Russie 1847-1856 (St. Petersburg, 1856-1858, 10 vol.), and Compte rendu annuel for the years 1850-1863.
Jelgava
-Sports:The city's main football team, FK Jelgava, plays in the Latvian Higher League and won the 2009/2010 Latvian Football Cup.- Notable people :*August Johann Gottfried Bielenstein - linguist, folklorist, ethnographer...
- 4 June 1865) was a Russian Latvian chemist, and physicist. He founded the Depot of Standard Weights and Measures, and the main physical Observatory in Russia.
Life
He studied at the Mitavskoy school, and discovered an interest in science, graduating in 1813.He graduated from the University of Dorpat, in 1816.
He studied mineralogy with the Christian Samuel Weiss
Christian Samuel Weiss
Christian Samuel Weiss was a German mineralogist born in Leipzig. After graduation he was a physics instructor in Leipzig from 1803 until 1808...
in Berlin.
After the Berlin University, he studied in Paris and Göttingen, where he received his PhD. Arriving in St. Petersburg, Kupfer was called to the chair of chemistry and physics at Kazan, and was sent by the Ministry of Education abroad for the purchase of physical instruments, where he went to Professor Ivan Simonov. In 1824, he arrived in Kazan and took his chair. Simultaneously, he worked on terrestrial magnetism, and magnetic charge of the geological expeditions in the vicinity of Mount Elbrus
Mount Elbrus
Mount Elbrus is an inactive volcano located in the western Caucasus mountain range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, near the border of Georgia. Mt. Elbrus's peak is the highest in the Caucasus, in Russia...
.
Since 1828, he was a member of the Academy of Sciences of Mineralogy, and from 1840 in physics.
In 1828, he traveled to the South and Middle Urals.
He visited Zlatoust
Zlatoust
Zlatoust is a city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Ay River , west of Chelyabinsk. Population: 181,000 ; 161,000 ; 99,000 ; 48,000 ; 21,000 ....
, Miass
Miass
Miass is a city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located west of Chelyabinsk, on the eastern slope of the southern Urals, on the bank of the Miass River. Population: -History:...
, and Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northwestern side of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River. Population: -History:...
. After seeing the Ural Mountains in the vicinity of Zlatoust
Zlatoust
Zlatoust is a city in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Ay River , west of Chelyabinsk. Population: 181,000 ; 161,000 ; 99,000 ; 48,000 ; 21,000 ....
, he identified three mountain ranges: Urenga, Taganay
Taganay
Taganay is a group of mountain ridges in the Southern Urals, on the territory of Chelyabinsk Oblast, with the highest point rising 1178 m. above sea level. A Taganay National Park was established in 1991, with its south-western border reaching down to the outskirts of Zlatoust...
, and Yurmu. In 1833, he published a book in French, compiled from the diaries he kept during the Urals travel, Journey to the Urals, undertaken in 1828. In 1834, a copy of this book was presented to Emperor Nicholas I.
In 1829, Kupfer traveled to the Caucasus, and was later appointed director of the Mineralogical Museum, and founded the St. Petersburgs Observatory, which focused on meteorological observations throughout the empire.
Kupfer offered a plan to introduce a unified system of measures throughout Russia; he was Chief Executive of the Commission on Weights and Measures from 1832 to 1842. He led the development of Russian system of measures, and creation of the first standard units of mass and length, the platinum pounds and yards, as well as exemplary volume measures - buckets and the quadrangle. The results of his works were legitimized imperial decree in 1835, and they are described in the Travaux do la Commision pour fixer les mesures et les poids etc. (St. Petersburg, 1841).
In 1843 he was elected ordinary academician.
In 1859, he represented Russia at the Congress of the International Association for the introduction of a uniform system of measures, weights and coins in Bradford.
Beginning in 1857, Russia and France began to exchange meteorological data. Kupfer went to the negotiations abroad, and in winter 1865, he arranged a telegraphic communication between all European countries. In fact, combining the weather service, Kupfer did not have time to enjoy the fruits of their labor. In March the cold setting on the roof of the observatory brought from Paris anemograph (anemograph), he caught cold and died of pneumonia on 4 June 1865. He was buried in Smolensky Lutheran Cemetery St. Petersburg.
Awards
- Deystvitelny State Advisor (1851).
- Chevalier Order of St. AnnaOrder of St. AnnaThe Order of St. Anna ) is a Holstein and then Russian Imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia...
1st Class (1864); St. Stanislaus 1st Class (1860); St. Vladimir 3rd degree (1856)
Works
He wrote more than 150 scientific papers in the field of crystallography, mineralogy, metallurgy, metrology, terrestrial magnetism, and meteorology.Also, Kupfer lectured in physics at the Pedagogical Institute of Mining. In addition to articles in Poggendorff's Annalen, Bulletins de l'Académie
- Dissertatio de calculo crystallonomico (Gottingen, 1821)
- Preisschrift über genaue Messung der Winkel an Krystallen(Berlin, 1826)
- Voyage dans les environs du mont Elbrouz dans le Caucase (St. Petersburg ., 1830)
- Reise in die Umgegend des Berges Elborus in Kaukasus (St. Petersburg, 1830)
- Handbuch der rechnenden Krystallonomie (St. Petersburg, 1831)
- Voyage dans l'Oural entrepris en 1828 (St. Petersburg, 1833; with atlas)
- Guide to making magnetic and meteorological observations (St. Petersburg, 1835; it. Trans. B. Deringer, in «Corresp. Blatt des naturforschenden Vereins zu Riga», 1859)
- Instructions pour faire des observations metéorologiques et magnétiques (St. Petersburg, 1836)
- Tables psychrometriques et barométriques à l'usage des observatoires météorologiques de rempire de Russie (St. Petersburg, 1841)
- The findings of meteorological observations in the Russian state (St. Petersburg, 1846)
- Experimental studies of the elasticity of metals (St. Petersburg, 1860).
In addition, Kupfer published: Annales de l'observatoire physique central de Russie 1847-1856 (St. Petersburg, 1856-1858, 10 vol.), and Compte rendu annuel for the years 1850-1863.
External links
- ADB:Kupffer, Adolph
- "Купфер, Адольф Яковлевич", Russian wikipedia